• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.484-487
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• 2010

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a true osteogenic neoplasm. It is also called as ossifying fibroma or cementify-ing fibroma. Small lesions seldom cause any symptoms and are detected only on radiographic examination. Large lesions result in a painless swelling of the involved bone. In radiographic features the lesion most often is well defined and unilocular. It may appear completely radiolucent, or more often varying degrees of rdiopacity. It is composed of fibrous tissue that contains a variable mixture of bony trabeculae,cementum-like spherules, or both. Treatment of most lesions generally is enucleation of tumor. However, some lesions which have grown large and destroyed considerable bone, may necessitate surgical resection and bone grafting. This case was the bony lesion that was found by accident in patient with mandibular left body and subcondylar fracture. In radiographic examination, there was a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion in mandibular left body area with fracture line. We treated on mandibular left body and subcondylar fracture and enucleated the lesion on the left body area simultaneously. At surgical exploration, the lesion was well demarcated from the surrounding bone, thus permitting relatively easy separation of the tumor from its bony bed. In histopathologic examination, the lesion contained bony trabeculae and cementum-like spherules within a background of cellular fibrous connective tissue. It finally diagnosed as cemento-ossify-ing fibroma from the result of biopsy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to observe the histologic changes of surrounding maxillary sutures to the widening of midpalatal suture, using two adult dogs, weighing about 10 kg, for experimental, and one for control group. After widening of the midpalatal suture with expansion screw for ten days was performed, and followed by sacrifice of experimental animals. Tissues were excised from 5 surrounding maxillary suture portions such as, internasal, interfrontal, midsagittal, zygomatrco-temporal, and midpalatal sutures. After that, the specimens were fixed and decalcified in $10\%$ formalin sol. and $5\%$ nitric acid. Embedding in paraffin and serial sections at a thickness of 5 micron was done, After Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and light microscopic examination, Following results were obtained: 1. In midpalatal suture area, which showed most prominent histologic change, High degree of fibronlastic and osteoblastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae with osteoid tissue projection into the fibrous connective tissue were observed. 2. In interfrontal suture area, moderate degree of fibroblastic and osteoblastic proliferation was observed. 3. In internasal suture area, active osteoblastic and osteoclastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae was observed, and separation of fibrous connective tissue was also observed. 4. In midsagittal and zygomatico-temporal suture areas, no histologic changes can be observed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.498-510
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• 2001

Distraction osteogenesis refers to the biological process responsible for new bone formation between bone segments by gradual distraction after osteotomy. For the past several years, various inconveniences including a protracted consolidation period that requires patients to wear a distractor frame longer, as well as higher medical costs, have not been remedied by improvements in osteotomy, distraction rate and monitoring system. Furthermore, side effects such as pin tract infections and soft tissue swelling may arise due to the long treatment period. These drawbacks form the rationale of this study which purports to seek a method by which the consolidation period can be reduced. This paper examines how platelet-rich plasma(PRP), known to facilitate osteogenesis, influences bone formation when applied in distracted area. Ten mongrel dogs, which were made to wear external distractor frames after osteotomy in both sides of the mandible, were used as subjects. After a 7day period of latency, distraction was carried out at a rate of 1mm/day for 14 consecutive days. After the onset of distraction, 2ml of PRP and a mixture of calcium gluconate and thrombine were injected into the center of the distracted callus on the left side of the mandible. The left was injected with PRP while the right side was set as the control site without PRP treatment. Execution at the onset of distraction and in 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the consolidation period, clinical and radiographic tests, bone mineral density examination, histological examination and histomorphometric analysis were conducted to compare both sides. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Based on the clinical examination at two weeks, more remarkable cortical bone formation was found on the buccal and lingual side of the distracted area in the PRP treatment site than in the control site. No visual difference was found between the PRP treatment site and the control site at four eight weeks. 2. Based on the radiological examination, a distinct increase in the radiopaque appearance of the PRP treatment site was revealed at two weeks, but this increase appeared to slow down at four and eight weeks. 3. Examination of bone mineral density revealed a significant difference at two weeks with the PRP treatment site yielding density two times higher than the control site. This difference lessened after four weeks, and disappeared at eight weeks. 4. The histomorphometric examination revealed that about 20% more bony trabeculae area(20%, higher) was formed in the PRP treatment site than in the control site. In conclusion, it can be said that PRPs effect on stimulating bone formation in the PRP treatment site manifest as early as two weeks. Trabeculae formation likewise increased throughout the whole period. If this result can be applied to humans, the consolidation period can be reduced by injecting PRP into the distracted area.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.177-195
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• 1996

Fine structure of the processes of intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification at the tip of the distal phalanx of human fetuses was studied by electron microscopy. In 50 mm fetus, intramembranous ossification of the tip of cartilaginous phalanx was first noted. The osteoblasts of the perichondral zone of tip of cartilaginous phalanx started to lay down a thick membranous bony lamella. Most of the hypertrophied chondrocytes in the marginal parts of tip of the distal phalanx remained viable after being embeded in mineralized cartilaginous septa. The tuberosity of the distal phalanx was formed by membranous bony trabeculae on the exterior of the subperiosteal cap at 80 mm fetus. At this stage endochondral ossification was first observed in distal extremity of the distal phalanx. The maority of hypertrophied chondrocytes in the center of distal extremity appeared to be disintegrating. Resorption of calcified matrix was undertaken by perivascular cells and chondroclasts. From the periosteum, zone of calcification, vascular sprouts expanded within a recently opened lacunae, and the invading osteoblasts laid down osteoid and bone. After 120 mm fetus, endochondral and subperiosteal ossification proceeded in only one direction, just proximally. These findings demonstrate that intramembranous ossification, calcification, and endochondral ossification start at tip of the distal phalanx instead of at the center of the shaft, as was the case in other long bones.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2000

To demonstrate possible influences of general bone density on the mandible, histomorphometric analysis was carried out in mandibles and iliac bones and the correlation of the two bone densities was tested. Comparison of bony density in women and men over 60 years in the mandible was carried out too. Quantitative computed tomography(QCT) was taken in cross-section of mandibles at the same site where histomorphometric analysis was peformed to evaluate the reliability of QCT. The analysis included 40 cadavers with no known diseases affecting the bones. The subjects consisted of 15 females and 25 males with a mean age of 60.3 years. Spearman correlation analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed. The results were as follows. 1. There was statistically no correlation between the mandible and iliac bone in the values of corrected cortical width(CCW), cortical porosity(POR) in cortex, and total bone volume(TBV), mean trabecular plate thickness(MTPT), mean trabecular plate density(MTPD), and mean trabecular plate separation(MTPS) in trabecular bone. 2. Comparison of women and men over 60 years, men had statistically higher bone density than women except fir POR of buccal and lingual cortex, and WTPD of alveolar trabeculae in mandible. 3. There was statistically significant correlation between TBV of trabecular bone and CT No., but not between POR and CT No. in mandible. According to the results above, there was no correlation between mandible and iliac bone density and between mandibular bony density and age. Further studies are required to support the results. A more noninvasive method to be able to measure the bone density of mandible should be developed and it is necessary to accumulate data on the normal values of bone density of mandible according to age and sex. Further study should be carried out about QCT to measure mandibular bony density using QCT.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.425-429
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• 2011

Bone grafts are becoming increasingly common in oral and maxillofacial surgery to improve bone healing procedures. Bovine bone as a xenograft is a representative osteoconductor and space filler; however, sometimes complications, such as infection and wound dehiscence are encountered with its use. We report the result of an eight-year follow-up of a xenograft case and processing methods of inorganic bovine bone along with a review of the literature. Xenograft ($LUBBOC^{(R)}$) was used in a cyst enucleation site of the maxilla, as a bone substitute and space filler. Inflammation and infection were defined several times as lack of osseous contact between the graft and host bone, caused by remodeling failure over an eight-year period. Pathologic findings of the xenograft revealed dead bony trabeculae with inflamed fibrous tissue and actinomycosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1977

The authors had observed a rare case of osteopetrosis from 8 years old male who had complained nasal obstruction at, Department of Dental Radiology, Kyung Hee University. In the serial roentgenograms the following results were revealed. 1. This osteopetrosis was considered to be malignant rather than benign. 2. In the skull, the greatest degree of radiopacity was found in the base. The pituitary fossa appeared to be small and posterior clinoid process revealed clubbing and thickening. 3. In the frontal and nasal bones were slightly enlarged with marked radiopacity and paranasal sinuses were obscured. 4. The maxilla was markedly affected and bony trabeculae were seen to be coarse and thickened but mandibular posterior segment slightly. 5. There were long retardation of the tooth eruption and physiologic resorption of the deciduous teeth, and tooth root revealed stunted and dwarfed appearance in the both jaws. 6. In this case, the thickened alveolar lamina dura was indistinguishable.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the ashed tooth powder is utilized as an alternative material of the implant. For this purpose the author performed the experimental study to investigate the tissue response of sintered toothash and its histocompatibility. Bony defects to expose the body of marrow, $1{\times}1cm$ in size, were created in the right and left mandibular body of mature dog, and then the ashed tooth powders were filled in right side and the blood clot was filled in the left side as an control. The dogs were sacrificed at 4th, 7th, and 16th week after implantation and histologic examination was performed. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. Any inflammatory response was not noted after implanting of the ashed tooth powder during the whole experimental period. 2. At 4th week, ashed tooth powders were surrounded by mature connective tissue. And we could observe hydroxyapatite crystal structure within the ashed tooth powder. 3. At 7th week, we could observe that macrophage phagocyted the small granules of ashed tooth powders. 4. At 16th week, the union with host bone by growth of new trabeculae was observed. And there were remnants of ashed tooth power within some of new trabeculae.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

Introduction: Fibrous-osseous lesions of the jaws are difficult to diagnose precisely until excised biopsy results are found, so they might be confused with malignant lesions. This clinical study focused on the diagnostic aids of lesions that demonstrate different clinical, radiologic, and histological findings. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 patients with benign fibrous-osseous lesions on the jaws (6 fibrous dysplasias, 6 ossifying fibromas, 3 cemental dysplasias, and one osteoblastoma) were reviewed. Nine patients with malignant fibrous-osseous lesions (8 osteosarcomas and one Ewing's sarcoma) were also retrospectively reviewed. Results: Osteosarcoma patients complained of facial swelling and tooth mobility. The radiographic findings showed the irregular resorption of cortical bone and periosteal reactions. Histological features included cellular pleomorphism and atypical mitosis. An Ewing's sarcoma patient complained of tooth mobility and facial swelling. Onion-skin appearance and irregular expansile marginal bony radiolucency were seen in the radiography. Fibrous dysplasia patients complained of facial swelling and asymmetry. The radiographic features were mostly ground-glass radiopacity. Histological findings showed a bony trabeculae pattern surrounded by fibrous ground substances. Ossifying fibroma patients complained of buccal swelling and jaw pains, showing expanded cortical radiolucent lesions with a radiopaque margin. Histological findings were revealed as cellular fibrous stroma with immature woven bones. In cemental dysplasia, most of their lesions were found in a routine dental exam. Well-circumscribed radiopaque lesions were observed in the radiography, and cementum-like ossicles with fibrous stroma were seen in the microscopy. An osteoblastoma patient complained of jaw pain and facial swelling. Radiographic findings were mottled, dense radiopacity with osteolytic margin. Trabeculae of the osteoid with a vascular network and numerous osteoblasts with woven bone were predominantly found in the microscopy. Conclusion: Our study showed similar results as other studies. We suggest the clinical parameters of diagnosis and treatment for malignant and benign fibrous-osseous lesions of the jaws.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1997

The principle of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), as applied to bone healing, is based on the prevention of connective tissue from entering the bony defect during the healing phase. This allows the slower bone producing cells to migrate into and reproduce bone within the defect. GTR has demonstrated a level of success in regenerating bone defect. Several types of membrane barrier have been utilized to apply this principle in bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether improved bone regeneration can be achieved with different membrane barriers ($Gore-Tex^{TM}$membrane, $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$). In the 10 NewZealand white rabbits, full-thickness bone defects on three sites of each rabbit calvaria were made. Experimental group 1 was covered with $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$, and group 2 was covered with $Gore-Tex^{TM}$membrane. Macroscopic, microscopic examinations were made serially on 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 weeks after operation. The results were as follows : 1. Macroscopically, both of experimental group 1, 2 were filled with bone-like mass but the defects of experimental group 1 disclosed markedly thinner than the original bone. 2. Microscopically, the defect of experimental group 1, 2 was filled with bony trabeculae without infection and adverse reaction. But multinucleated giant cell infiltration around $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$ was seen till 6th week. 3. Resorption of $COLLACOTE^{(R)}$ started from 3rd week and it was completely resorped on the 12th week.