• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2000

A male German Shepherd dog, $2{\frac{1}{2}}$years of age, was admitted with sudden anemia, weakness, hyperpyrexia, anorexia and lethargy. The patient showed hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, absolute and relative lymphocytosis, absolute and relative granulocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, slight hepatic disorder, slight azotemia, hematuria and proteinuria by the screening examination. The bone marrow aspiration smear showed high cellularity, severs infiltration of lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes, and mitotic figures of lymphoid cells. The liver aspiration smear demonstrated infiltration of lymphoblasts. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was diagnosed as none of the superficial lymph nodes showed enlargement and marked functional disorder of important organs other than the liver was not found. The patient was treated with vincristine, cyclophophamide, predniosolone for chemotherapy and blood transfusion and either ampicillin or cefoperazone for supportive treatment. But the patient did not show marked remission and died 9 days after the start of the chemptherapy. The necropsy was not permitted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1857-1859
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• 2016

Background: Hodgkin's lymphoma (formerly, Hodgkins disease) is a potentially curable malignancy with distinctive biological behavior and specific clinical characteristics. Limited information is available from developing countries for patients with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Therefore we reviewed the demographical and clinico-hematological profiles along with bone marrow infiltration patterns in adult patients presenting at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 62 adult (${\geq}15years$) patients with cHL were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: The mean age was $29.7{\pm}13.8years$ with a median of 30 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. B symptoms were present in 72.5% of patients and lymph node enlargement in 85.4%. The frequency of bone marrow infiltration in our cHL patients was found to be 27.4%, the pattern being predominantly focal followed by diffuse. The mean hemoglobin was $9.4{\pm}1.9g/dl$ with a mean MCV of $78.1{\pm}7.9fl$, a mean total leukocyte count of $10.9{\pm}20.6{\times}10^9/l$ and a mean platelet count of $241.6{\pm}150.1{\times}10^9/l$. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of cHL in Pakistan are comparable to published data. Peripheral lymphodenopathy associated with B symptoms is the commonest presentation. Bone marrow involvement is more common in our setup as patients usually presented at an advanced stage of disease.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2003

목적: 악성 림프종 환자에서 골수 침범 여부를 평가하는 데 있어 FDG PET 스캔의 유용성을 장골 골수 생검에 비교하여 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 73명의 림프종 환자(남:녀=43:30, 평균 연령 47세)를 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 69명은 비호지킨성 림프종이었으며 4명은 호지킨성 림프종이었다. FDG PET은53명의 환자에서 병기 결정을 목적으로, 20명에서는 치료후 효과 평가를 위해 시행되었다. 골수 침범에 대한 최종 판정은 두 검사의 일치성으로 판단되었으며 서로 다른 경우엔 장골 골수 생검, 방사선 검사 소견, 그리고 추적 검사에 의해 결정되었다. 결과: 73명중 54명(74%)에 있어 FDG PET과 장골 골수 검사 결과가 일치하였다. 두 검사 모두 음성인 환자는 54명중 47명이었으며 모두 양성인 환자는 7명이었다. 두 검사가 불일치 하는 경우는 19명 이었으며 이 중 6명은 골수 검사는 음성이었으나 FDG PET에서 양성 소견을 보였다. 반대로 12명에서는 FDG PET은 음성이었으나 장골 골수 생검상 골수 침범이 확인되었다. 불일치 결과를 보인 19명 중 마지막 1명의 환자에서는 골수 생검상 음성이었으나 FDG PET에서 위양성 소견을 보였다. 결론: FDG PET은 림프종 환자의 병기 결정에 있어 장골 골수 검사상 발견되지 않은 골수 침윤을 발견하는 데 도움이 되어 골수 생검에 보조적인 역할이 있었다. PET 검사상 횡격막 상하 림파절 침범과 다수의 골수 병변이 있는 환자에 있어 골수 생검의 필요성에 대해서는 치료 방침이나 예후를 변화시킬 수 있는지의 여부를 보는 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. 치료후 효과를 판정하는 데 있어 FDG PET은 골수의 현미경학적 잔존 질환을 평가하는 데 있어 골수 생검을 대체하기는 어려울 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.298-304
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• 1993

To estimate the bone marrow involvement of leukemia, we peformed scintigraphies using $^{99m}Tc$ antimony sulfide colloid and Gallium-67. Total 13 patients were included and obtained 14 study sets of $^{99m}Tc$ antimony sulfide colloid and gallium-67 and compared with bone marrow aspiration biopsy and clinicolaboratory datas. $^{99m}Tc$ Antimony scan showed localized defect in 4 patients who had relapse. No false positive or negative results were observed. Gallium 67 showed localized increased uptake in 2 of 4 relapsed patients. Therefore, bone marrow scan is useful for the evaluation of marrow infiltration in ieukemic patients.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2023

Neurolymphomatosis is the direct endoneurial infiltration of lymphoma cells. Bone marrow biopsy is a widely practiced procedure that is generally considered to be relatively safe. However, bone marrow biopsy can also result in pain and long-term consequences such as nerve injury. Here we report a case of a 68-year-old male who presented with lumbosacral plexopathy due to neurolymphomatosis that was superimposed on a probable traumatic lumbosacral plexopathy mostly involving the sciatic nerve immediately after a bone marrow biopsy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.515-527
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• 1996

The most serious problem resulting from estrogen deficiency induce osteo porosis. Recently, they make efforts to inquire a relation between hematopoietic organ and bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. Estrogen have an effect on growth and formation of skeletal system, and inhibit bone resorption under the influence of osteoblast and osteoclast, and basically inhibit the increase of hematopoietic progenitor and immune factor connected with bone resorption and prevent the osteoid formation. The purpose of this article was to observe the change of spleen and effect on hematopoietic function following estrogen administration. In this study, female rats of 150g weight was ovariectomized, after 70 days, experimental group was injected estrogen at interval of a week and sacrificed on 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks. Control group was sacrificed after ovariectomy on 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 weeks without estrogen injection, and normal rats were sacrificed for harvest of spleen and femur. Paraffin sections and H&E stain was performed, and observed under light microscope. The obtained results were as follows. 1. From 11 to 12 weeks at bone marrow of control group, hematopoietic cells were decreased in comparison with normal group, and lipid infiltration was seen, and irregular bone remodelling was seen after 13 weeks. From 14 to 16 weeks, there were more decreased hematopoietic cells and lipid degeneration, and lipid degeneration of hematopoietic cells appeared. 2. All the bone marrow of experimental group, the structure of hematopoietic cells with decreased lipid infiltration was recovered from 2 weeks of estrogen adminstration and maintained to 6 weeks. 3. At spleen of control group, borders of white and red pulp was not well demarcated, and size of white pulp was decreased. 4. At spleen of experimental group, borders between white and red pulp have been well demarcated from 3 weeks of estrogen adminstration relatively, and white pulp was increased with distinct border. From above findings, we could regarded that estrogen deficiency due to ovariectomy influenced on hematopoietic cells of bone marrow and spleen, and histologic recovery of hematopoietic cells were observed after 3 weeks of estrogen adminstration even if it was not reach to normal group.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2023

A 13-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and erythematous cutaneous lesions in the ear pinnae. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lymph nodes revealed small to intermediate lymphocytes with a "hand mirror" configuration as the predominant cell type. Histopathological analysis of the lymph node showed an infiltrate of CD3-positive small lymphocytes compressing the follicles against the capsule owing to neoplastic cell expansion. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a homogeneous population of CD3+/CD4-/CD5+/CD8-/CD21+/CD34-/CD45- cells in both the peripheral blood and aspirated lymph nodes, which supports the diagnosis of T-zone lymphoma. Laboratory tests revealed lymphocytosis (14,144 cells/µL) in the peripheral blood. However, contrary to expectations, the bone marrow examination revealed no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration. T-zone lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma with a long survival period, and knowledge of its characteristics may affect disease staging and prognosis evaluation. Therefore, peripheral blood count as a sole screening tool for bone marrow metastasis should be used with caution.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2005

Acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) is a malignant disease of the bone marrow in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoietic cells of the marrow. Currently, only $20-30\%$ of adults with ALL are cured with standard chemotherapy regimens. It is very important risk factor whether to failure to achieve complete remission within 4 weeks or not. The relapse of leukemia is usually classified as hematologic and extramedullary relapse, and extramedullary leukemic infiltration is rarely observed in patients with ALL. In October 2004, a 23-year-old man presented with painless enlargement of both parotid glands. He was diagnosed as ALL(L2 subtype) one month ago, and he gained complete remission with induction chemotherapy. Fine needle aspiration cytology and bone marrow biopsy revealed extramedullary and hemtologic remission. To our knowledge this is the first report of extramedullary relapse in the parotid in ALL.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2008

불명열을 규명하기 위한 과정은 여러 복잡한 검사와 평가를 필요로 하며 새로운 검사법의 개발로 그 접근법이 날로 발전하고 새로운 질병 양상이 밝혀지고 있다. 최근에는 PET 스켄이 도입되어 불명열의 선별 검사로서 그 효용성이 높은 것으로 입증되고 있다. 저자들은 전신 fusion PET/CT에서 일정한 양상으로 FDG의 섭취가 증가된 불명열 3례를 경험하고 보고하는 바이다; 3례 모두 대퇴골과 경골에 같은 분포와 양상의 섭취 증가를 보였으며, 골수 생검상, 2례에서 성숙한 림프구와 조직구의 침윤 및 점액성 변화를 보였고, 그 중 1예는 겉질뼈도 침범된 소견을 보였다. 환자들은 모두 수 주간 지속되는 호중구 감소와 상대적 림프구 증가증이 동반된 열이 있는 젊은 여성이었고, 자연적으로 완화되었다. 비록 연구 결과만으로 특정 질환을 분류할 수는 없었지만, 일련의 특정한 PET/CT 양상과 조직 소견은 질병의 원인과 관련 있을 것이고, 고전적 FUO와 관련하여 이러한 새로운 PET FDG 섭취 분포에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.657-667
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• 2016

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is one of the most severe forms of peripheral artery diseases, but current treatment strategies do not guarantee complete recovery of vascular blood flow or reduce the risk of mortality. Recently, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to have a paracrine influence on angiogenesis in several ischemic diseases. However, little evidence is available regarding optimal cell doses and injection frequencies. Thus, the authors undertook this study to investigate the effects of cell dose and injection frequency on cell survival and paracrine effects. MSCs were injected at $10^6$ or $10^5$ per injection (high and low doses) either once (single injection) or once in two consecutive weeks (double injection) into ischemic legs. Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after first injection. Angiogenic effects were confirmed in vitro and in vivo, and M2 macrophage infiltration into ischemic tissues and rates of limb salvage were documented. MSCs were found to induce angiogenesis through a paracrine effect in vitro, and were found to survive in ischemic muscle for up to 4 weeks dependent on cell dose and injection frequency. In addition, double high dose and low dose of MSC injections increased vessel formation, and decreased fibrosis volumes and apoptotic cell numbers, whereas a single high dose did not. Our results showed MSCs protect against ischemic injury in a paracrine manner, and suggest that increasing injection frequency is more important than MSC dosage for the treatment CLI.