• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2013

Purpose: The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a significant role in osteoclastogenesis, activation of osteoclasts, and regulation of bone resorption. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the salivary soluble RANKL (sRANKL)/OPG ratio as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis in nonsmokers. Methods: Twenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis and 25 individuals with a healthy periodontium were enrolled in this study. Samples containing 5 mL of unstimulated saliva were obtained from each subject. Salivary sRANKL and OPG concentrations were determined using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 18.0. Results: The levels of sRANKL and OPG were detectable in all of the samples. Positive relationships were found between the plaque index and clinical attachment level and both the salivary concentration of sRANKL and the salivary sRANKL/OPG ratio (P<0.05). The salivary concentration of sRANKL and the sRANKL/OPG ratio were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group (P=0.004 and P=0.001, respectively). In contrast, the OPG concentration showed no significant differences between the groups (P=0.455). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the salivary sRANKL/OPG ratio may be helpful in the screening and diagnosis of periodontitis. However, longitudinal studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop a technique for creating a computerized composite maxillofacial-dental model, based on point-based surface best fit algorithm and to test its accuracy. The computerized composite maxillofacial-dental model was made by the three dimensional combination of a 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) bone model with digital dental model. Materials and Methods: This integration procedure mainly consists of following steps : 1) a reconstruction of a virtual skull and digital dental model from CT and laser scanned dental model ; 2) an incorporation of dental model into virtual maxillofacial-dental model by point-based surface best fit algorithm; 3) an assessment of the accuracy of incorporation. To test this system, CTs and dental models from 3 volunteers with cranio-maxillofacial deformities were obtained. And the registration accuracy was determined by the root mean squared distance between the corresponding reference points in a set of 2 images. Results and Conclusions: Fusion error for the maxillofacial 3D CT model with the digital dental model ranged between 0.1 and 0.3 mm with mean of 0.2 mm. The range of errors were similar to those reported elsewhere with the fiducial markers. So this study confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of combining digital dental model and 3D CT maxillofacial model. And this technique seemed to be easier for us that its clinical applicability can good in the field of digital cranio-maxillofacial surgery.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the case of a patient with recurring non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) taking Samchilchoongcho-Jung with Afatinib. Methods: An NSCLC patient diagnosed with multiple bone and pulmonary metastasis was taking Afatinib (20 mg/day) and suffering from stomatitis caused by the Afatinib. The patient was treated with Samchilchoongcho-Jung (1,500 mg/ day) for 3 months. The tumor size was measured with computed tomography, and laboratory findings, including tumor markers (CEA, Cyfra 21-1), were also followed up. Stomatitis was measured by a numeric rating scale, and adverse events were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 4.0. Results: After combined treatment, stable disease was shown on computed tomography. The tumor marker levels of CEA and Cyfra 21-1 were decreased, and the stomatitis significantly improved. NCI-CTCAE 4.0 showed no adverse events. Conclusion: This case study suggests that Samchilchoongcho-Jung may have a synergic effect, in conjunction with Afatinib, on the treatment of patients with recurring NSCLC.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.636-641
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• 2015

There are controversial findings regarding the roles of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway on bone metabolism under oxidative stress. We investigated how Nrf2/HO-1 pathway affects osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or both. Exposing the cells to H₂O₂ decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteoblast markers, such as osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2. In contrast, H₂O₂ treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells. Treatment with hemin, a chemical HO-1 inducer, mimicked the inhibitory effect of H₂O₂ on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the HO-1 expression and decreasing the osteogenic marker genes. Pretreatment with NAC restored all changes induced by H₂O₂ to near normal levels in the cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that H₂O₂-mediated activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway negatively regulates the osteoblast differentiation, which is inhibited by NAC.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2008

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common form of human genetic variation. Non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) change an amino acid. Organic anion transporters (OATs) play an important role in eliminating or reabsorbing endogenous and exogenous organic anionic compounds. Among OATs, hOAT4 mediates high affinity transport of estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The rapid bone loss that occurs in post-menopausal women is mainly due to a net decrease of estrogen. In the present study we searched for SNPs within the exon regions of hOAT4 in Korean women osteoporosis patients. Fifty healthy subjects and 50 subjects with osteoporosis were screened for genetic polymorphism in the coding region of SLC22A11 (hOAT4) using GC-clamp PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). We found three SNPs in the hOAT4 gene. Two were in the osteoporosis group (C483A and G832A) and one in the normal group (C847T). One of the SNPs, G832A, is an nsSNP that changes the $278^{th}$ amino acid from glutamic acid to lysine (E278K). Uptake of [$3^H$] estrone sulfate by oocytes injected with the hOAT4 E278K mutant was reduced compared with wild-type hOAT4. Km values for wild type and E278K were $0.7{\mu}M$ and $1.2{\mu}M$, and Vmax values were 1.8 and 0.47 pmol/oocyte/h, respectively. The present study demonstrates that hOAT4 variants can causing inter-individual variation in anionic drug uptake and, therefore, could be used as markers for certain diseases including osteoporosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7875-7882
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• 2015

Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic (BAALC) gene and erythroblast transformation-specific related gene (ERG) in de novo cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and identify roles in disease progression and outcome. Materials and Methods: This study included 50 newly diagnosed AML patients, along with 10 apparently healthy normal controls. BAALC and ERG expression was detected in the bone marrow of both patients and controls using real-time RT-PCR. Results: BAALC and ERG expression was detected in 52% of cases but not in any controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between BAALC and ERG gene expression and age (p-value=0.004 and 0.019, respectively). No statistical significance was noted for sex, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, other hematological findings, immunophenotyping and FAB sub-classification except for ERG gene and FAB (p-value=0.058). A statistical significant correlation was found between response to treatment with ERG expression (p-value=0.028) and age (p-value=0.014). A statistically significant variation in overall survival was evident with patient age, BM blast cells, FAB subgroups, BAALC and ERG expression (p-value=<0.001, 0.045, 0.041, <0.008 and 0.025 respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that BAALC and ERG genes are specific significant molecular markers in AML disease progression, response to treatment and survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3821-3824
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• 2012

Aim: SNPs of ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes have been found to be associated with response to platinum therapy in different clinical settings. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of SNPs in ERCC1 and ERCC2 to cisplain response and survival in osteosarcoma patients. Methods: 267 consecutive patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma between January 2003 to January 2005 were followed up until the end of January 2010. ERCC1 Asn118Asn, ERCC1 Gln504Lys, ERCC2 Asp312Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphisms were detected based upon the Sequenom MassARRAY platform.Results: For ERCC1 Asn118Asn, the variant genotype T/T was strongly significantly associated with a higher event free survival when compared with the wild-type C/C, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 0.39 (0.14-0.95). ERCC2 751 A/A genotype showed increased event free survival of osteosarcoma (HR=0.44; 95%CI=0.10-0.87). However, we did not find significant association of ERCC1 Gln504Lys and ERCC2 Asp312Asn polymorphisms with prognosis of osteosarcoma. Conclusions: We first report associations of four SNPs, ERCC1 Asn118Asn, ERCC1 Gln504Lys, ERCC2 Asp312Asn and ERCC2 Lys751Gln, with risk of death from osteosarcoma in a Chinese population, indicating ERCC1 118T/T and ERCC2 A/A may be used as surrogate markers for clinical outcome of osteosarcoma treatmetn with cisplain.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2013

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) inhibits neurite outgrowth of various neuronal cell types, and CSPG-associated inhibition of neurite outgrowth is mediated by the Rho/ROCK pathway. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into neuron-like cells under specific conditions and have been shown to differentiate into neuron-like cells by co-treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and the hypoxia condition mimicking agent $CoCl_2$. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that a ROCK inhibitor might be beneficial to regenerate neurons during stem cell therapy by preventing transplanted MSCs from inhibition by CSPG in damaged tissues. Indeed, dose-dependent inhibition by CSPG pretreatment was observed during morphological changes of Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) induced by Y27632 alone. The formation of neurite-like structures was significantly inhibited when WJ-MSCs were pre-treated with CSPG before induction under Y27632 plus $CoCl_2$ conditions, and pretreatment with a protein kinase C inhibitor reversed such inhibition. However, CSPG treatment resulted in no significant inhibition of the WJ-MSC morphological changes into neuron-like cells after initiating induction by Y27632 plus $CoCl_2$. No marked changes were detected in expression levels of neuronal markers induced by Y27632 plus $CoCl_2$ upon CSPG treatment. CSPG also blocked the morphological changes of human bone marrow-derived MSCs into neuron-like cells under other neuronal induction condition without the ROCK inhibitor, and Y27632 pre-treatment blocked the inhibitory effect of CSPG. These results suggest that a ROCK inhibitor can be efficiently used in stem cell therapy for neuronal induction by avoiding hindrance from CSPG.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a bioaccumulative, persistent, and toxic pollutant. HCB is one of the 12 priority of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) intended for global action by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Governing Council. POPs are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Some of HCB is ubiquitous in air, water, soil, and biological matrices, as well as in major environmental compartments. HCB has effects on various organs such as thyroid, bone, skin, kidneys and blood cells and especially, revealed strong toxicity to liver. In this study, we identified genes related to hepatotoxiciy induced by HCB in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells using microarray and gene ontology (GO) analysis. Through microarray analysis, we identified 96 up- and 617 down-regulated genes changed by more than 1.5-fold by HCB. And after GO analysis, we determined several key pathways which known as related to hepatotoxicity such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, complement and coagulation cascades, and tight junction. Thus, our present study suggests that genes expressed by HCB may provide a clue for hepatotoxic mechanism of HCB and gene expression profiling by toxicogenomic analysis also affords promising opportunities to reveal potential new mechanistic markers of toxicity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

Jeotgal (salted seafood) has been one of major fermented foods in Korea for long time. Although there are many studies about Jeotgal in various aspects of food, its immunological importance on hosts has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated if several bacteria isolated from Jeotgal may modulate the function of dendritic cells (DCs), powerful antigen-presenting cells equipped with special immunological capabilities. 4 Jeotgal bacteria were selected as representatives and used for experiments. To treat viable DCs, those bacteria were killed at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The viability of DCs treated with Jeotgal bacteria was verified and two isolates significantly induced high production of interleukin-12, a representative cell-mediated cytokine of DCs. Surface activation and maturation markers (MHC class II, CD40, CD86) of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometer. In addition, the treated DCs showed significantly high lymphocyte stimulatory capability compared to control DCs based on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. These observations suggest that Jeotgal isolates can function as immunostimulating bacteria in hosts, like Lactobacillus. Taken together, these experimental evidences may broaden the use of Jeotgal isolates in immunological fields in addition to as a fermented food.