• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2022

완전 무치악 환자의 가철성 보철 수복 치료에서 잔존 치조제의 흡수가 심한 경우 임플란트를 이용하면 부가적인 지지, 유지 및 안정을 제공할 수 있다. 환자의 상태에 대한 정확한 진단 및 평가 없이 보철물을 제작하게 되면 생역학적, 기능적, 심미적으로 불리한 치료 결과를 야기하게 된다. 본 증례의 환자는 개인치과의원에서 상·하악 임플란트 피개의치를 제작하였으나 연조직 통증 및 기존 의치 유지력 저하로 재치료를 위해 내원하였다. 진단 결과 기존 의치의 수직고경이 다소 낮게 설정되어 있어 이를 거상하고, milled bar와 부가적인 attachment를 이용한 임플란트 피개의치를 제작하였다. 이를 통해 증진된 구강위생과 기능적, 심미적인 면에서 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2023

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) emerged as a new concept of arthroplasty that does not restore normal anatomy but does restore function. It enables the function of the torn rotator cuff to be performed by the deltoid and shows encouraging clinical outcomes. Since its introduction, various modifications have been designed to improve the outcome of the RTSA. From the original cemented baseplate with peg or keel, a cementless baseplate was designed that could be fixed with central and peripheral screws. In addition, a modular-type glenoid component enabled easier revision options. For the humeral component, the initial design was an inlay type of long stem with cemented fixation. However, loss of bone stock from the cemented stem hindered revision surgery. Therefore, a cementless design was introduced with a firm metaphyseal fixation. Furthermore, to prevent complications such as scapular notching, the concept of lateralization emerged. Lateralization helped to maintain normal shoulder contour and better rotator cuff function for improved external/internal rotation power, but excessive lateralization yielded problems such as subacromial notching. Therefore, for patients with pseudoparalysis or with risk of subacromial notching, a medial eccentric tray option can be used for distalization and reduced lateralization of the center of rotation. In summary, it is important that surgeons understand the characteristics of each implant in the various options for RTSA. Furthermore, through preoperative evaluation of patients, surgeons can choose the implant option that will lead to the best outcomes after RTSA.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2023

Purpose: Maxillofacial trauma predominantly affects young adults between 20 and 40 years of age. Although radioprotection is a legal requirement, the significant potential of dose reduction in computed tomography (CT) is still underused in the clinical routine. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether maxillofacial fractures can be reliably detected and classified using ultra-low-dose CT. Materials and Methods: CT images of 123 clinical cases with maxillofacial fractures were classified by two readers using the AOCOIAC software and compared with the corresponding results from post-treatment images. In group 1, consisting of 97 patients with isolated facial trauma, pre-treatment CT images at different dose levels (volumetric computed tomography dose index: ultra-low dose, 2.6 mGy; low dose, <10 mGy; and regular dose, <20 mGy) were compared with post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In group 2, consisting of 31 patients with complex midface fractures, pre-treatment shock room CT images were compared with post-treatment CT at different dose levels or CBCT. All images were presented in random order and classified by 2 readers blinded to the clinical results. All cases with an unequal classification were re-evaluated. Results: In both groups, ultra-low-dose CT had no clinically relevant effect on fracture classification. Fourteen cases in group 2 showed minor differences in the classification code, which were no longer obvious after comparing the images directly to each other. Conclusion: Ultra-low-dose CT images allowed the correct diagnosis and classification of maxillofacial fractures. These results might lead to a substantial reconsideration of current reference dose levels.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.507-519
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• 2023

Postsurgical infections are caused by implant-related pathogenic microorganisms that lead to graft rejection. Hence, an intrinsically antibacterial material is required to produce a biocompatible biomaterial with osteogenic properties that could address this major issue. Hence, this current research aims to make strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods (SrHANRs) via an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-enable microwave mediated method using Anodontia alba seashells for biomedical applications. This investigation also perceives that EDTA acts as a soft template to accomplish Sr-doping and mesoporous structures in pure hydroxyapatite nanorods (HANRs). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals the crystalline and mesoporous structures, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) indicates the surface area of all the samples, including pure HANRs and doped HANRs. In addition, the biocidal ability was tested using various implant-related infectious bacteria pathogens, and it was discovered that Sr-doped HANRs have excellent biocidal properties. Furthermore, toxicity evaluation using zebrafish reports the non-toxic nature of the produced HANRs. Incorporating Sr²⁺ ions into the HAp lattice would enhance biocompatibility, biocidal activity, and osteoconductive properties. As a result, the biocompatible HANRs materials synthesized with Sr-dopants may be effective in bone regeneration and antibacterial in-built implant applications.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2023

In veterinary medicine, most radiographic images are obtained by restraining patients, inevitably exposing the restrainer to secondary scattered radiation. Radiation exposure can result in stochastic reactions such as cancer and genetic effects, as well as deterministic reactions such as skin burns, cataracts, and bone marrow suppression. Radiation-shielding equipment, including aprons, thyroid shields, eyewear, and gloves, can reduce radiation exposure. However, the risk of radiation exposure to the upper arms, face, and back remains, and lead aprons and thyroid shields are heavy, restricting movement. We designed a new radiation-shielding system and compared its shielding ability with those of conventional radiation-shielding systems. We hypothesized that the new shielding system would have a wider radiation-shielding range and similar shielding ability. The radiation exposure dose differed significantly between the conventional and new shielding systems in the forehead, chin, and bilateral upper arm areas (p < 0.001). When both systems were used together, the radiation-shielding ability was better than when only one system was used at all anatomical locations (p < 0.01). This study suggests that the new radiation-shielding system is essential and convenient for veterinary radiation workers because it is a step closer to radiation safety in veterinary radiography.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2023

The mentalis muscle is a paired muscle originating from the alveolar bone of the mandible. This muscle is the main target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection therapy, which aims to treat cobblestone chin caused by mentalis hyperactivity. However, a lack of knowledge on the anatomy of the mentalis muscle and the properties of BoNT can lead to side effects, such as mouth closure insufficiency and smile asymmetry due to ptosis of the lower lip after BoNT injection procedures. Therefore, we have reviewed the anatomical properties associated with BoNT injection into the mentalis muscle. An up-to-date understanding of the localization of the BoNT injection point according to mandibular anatomy leads to better injection localization into the mentalis muscle. Optimal injection sites have been provided for the mentalis muscle and a proper injection technique has been described. We have suggested optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical landmarks of the mandible. The aim of these guidelines is to maximize the effects of BoNT therapy by minimizing the deleterious effects, which can be very useful in clinical settings.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2023

상악골 결손은 양성 및 악성 종양, 외상, 감염 등의 수술적 치료에 의해 발생할 수 있다. 구개부의 결함이 발생하며 부비동과 비강으로 음식이나 액체가 통과하는 연하 문제나 비강으로의 공기 누출로 인해 발음 문제가 발생한다. 이를 해소하기 위해 폐색장치가 일반적으로 사용되나, 장기간 사용 시 구강 점막의 자극, 지대치 손상 등의 문제점이 발생할 수 있다. 최근에는 지대치 상실부위에 임플란트를 활용한 폐색장치 제작법이 각광받고 있다. 본 증례보고에서는 상악의 선암종으로 인한 부분 절제술을 받은 환자가 폐색장치의 장기간 사용 후 지대치가 상실되어 해당 부위를 임플란트로 수복, 임플란트 유지 상악 폐색장치를 제작, 적용하여 결손의 재활 및 저작, 연하, 발음, 심미성 개선 측면에서 양호한 결과를 보여 보고하는 바이다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2022

The vasculature of the pituitary gland is discussed briefly and the details of an anatomical discovery of the vessels supplying the pituitary gland provided. Twenty latex injected cadaveric heads were dissected. Any vessels that were found to penetrate the sella turcica and travel to the pituitary gland were documented and measured. Additionally, 25 adult skulls were evaluated for the presence, size, and sites of bony foramina in the floor of sella turcica. Trans-sellar vessels were identified in 65% of specimens. There was a mean of 1.5 vessels per specimen consisting usually of a mixture of veins and arteries. The mean diameter of these vessels was 0.3 mm and the mean length from the sella turcica to the pituitary gland was 2.3 mm. These vessels were concentrated in the most concave part of the sella turcica. In bony specimens, the mean number of trans-sellar foramina was four. The diameter of these foramina ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 mm in size. The trans-sellar foramina were concentrated near the center part of the sella turcica and had no regular pattern. The pituitary gland receives at least some blood supply and drainage via vessels traveling along the septum of the sphenoidal sinuses and through the sella turcica. Knowledge of such vessels might lead to a better understanding of the vascular supply and drainage of the pituitary gland and would be useful during skull base approaches such as trans-nasal approaches to the pituitary gland.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2012

전신 골 스캔은 골친화성 방사성의약품으로 뼈의 생리적 변화를 영상화하는 검사방법으로, 140 keV의 감마선을 방출하는 방사성핵종이 표지된 방사성의약품을 주사 후 촬영하는 영상기법이다. 외부피폭으로부터 방사선방호의 3원칙은 시간, 거리, 차폐이다. 방사성의약품은 투여 시 개봉선원이 되기 때문에 방사선방호 원칙에 따라 피폭을 줄이기 위하여 빠른 시간 내에 주사하는 것이 좋다. 하지만 방사성의약품은 환자에게 직접 투여하기 때문에 선원으로부터 거리를 멀리할 수 없는 제한점이 있다. 본 연구는 방사성의약품으로부터 거리에 따른 피폭선량 변화를 확인하고, 차폐체를 사용 후 피폭량의 변화를 관찰하여 방사선 종사자의 피폭 관리에 도움이 되고자 한다. 방사성의약품 투여 시 소요되는 주사시간의 평균을 구하기 위하여 훈련된 주사 담당자가 환자에게 주사하는 시간을 총 50회 측정하였고, 그 평균값(약 2분)을 구하였다. 1 mL주사기에 옥시드로산테크네슘 925 MBq를 0.2 mL 로 맞춘 다음 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm에서 방사선 측정기(FH-40, Thermo Scientific, USA)로 선량을 측정하였다. 그리고 방사선차폐체(납 6 mm)를 선원으로부터 25 cm에 설치 한 후 50 cm 거리에서 선량을 측정하였다. 모든 선량측정은 각각 20회에 걸쳐 재현성을 검증하였다. 차폐 전과 차폐 후의 선량의 상관관계는 SPSS (ver. 18)을 사용하여 paired t-test로 검증하였다. 차폐체를 설치하지 않은 선원으로부터 거리에 따른 2분간 받는 피폭량은 50 cm에서 $1.986{\pm}0.052{\mu}Sv$, 100 cm에서 $0.515{\pm}0.022{\mu}Sv$, 150 cm에서 $0.251{\pm}0.012{\mu}Sv$, 200 cm에서 $0.148{\pm}0.006{\mu}Sv$로 나타났다. 차폐를 설치 후 측정 시 피폭량은 $0.035{\pm}0.003{\mu}Sv$로 차폐체 사용 전과 후의 피폭선량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다($p$<0.001).전신 골스캔은 핵의학 검사에서 많은 비중을 차지하고 있기 때문에 방사성의약품 투여 시 피폭을 줄이기 위해서 외부피폭의 방어원칙을 적절히 병행하여 피폭 저감을 위해 노력해야 한다. 하지만 방사성의약품은 환자에게 직접 투여하기 때문에 선원으로부터 거리를 멀리할 수 없고, 환자의 혈관 확보가 어려운 경우 주사시간이 길어질 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 피폭선량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였고, 선원으로부터25 cm 거리에 차폐체 설치 시 피폭선량이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 방사성의약품 투여 시 차폐체를 사용함으로써 방사선 피폭 저감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.641-654
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• 1996

In infectious disease, invasion of host tissue by bacteria or their products frequently induces a wide variety of inflammatory and immunopathologic reaction. Evidence indicates that cytokines are involved in the initiation and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis. Interleukin-6, which is a multifunctional cytokine, has important roles in acute and chronic inflammation and may also be implicated in bone resorption. Periodontal diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the periodontium with alveolar bone resoption. A principal driving force behind this response appears to lie in the immune system's response to bacteria. Many of the cell components which have been shown to function as virulence factors in gram-negative bacteria are associated with the bacterial surface. Of these, lipopolysaccharide has been characterized as one that mediates a number of biological activities which can lead to the destruction of host tissue. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug is used for reduce inflammation, and most of NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandine $E_2$ production, but it is shown that $PGE_2$ production is stimulated by IL-1 in recent study. So, the influence of other cytokines except $PGE_2$ on periodontium can not be avoided. Therefore, new antiinflammatory drug is needed. Rhizoma coptidis is used in oriental medicine for anti-inflammation and antiseptics. In this present study, we examined the IL-6 release in periodontal ligament cells treated with the lipopolysaccharide, and also the effect of rhizoma coptidis on cellular activity and IL-6 production of periodontal ligament cells. To evaluate the effect of rhizoma coptidis on cellular activity, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4$ cells/well in 24-well culture plates. After one day incubation, 1-6, 10-9 and 10-12 g/ml of rhizoma coptidis and 5, $10{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS were added to the each well and incubated for 1 and 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay were carried out. To evaluate the effect of rhizoma coptidis on IL-6 production, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1.5{\times}10^4$ cells/well in 24-well culture plates. After one day incubation, 10-9 g/ml of rhizoma coptidis and 5, $10{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS were added to the each well and incubated for 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Then, amounts of IL-6 production is measured by IL-6 ELISA kit used. The results were as follows : 1. Rhizoma coptidisrbelow to ($10^{-6}g/ml$) significantly increaed cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells than control. 2. Rhizoma coptidist ($10^{-9}g/ml$) significantly increased cellular activity of LPS($5{\mu}g/ml$)-treated periodontal ligament cells than control. 3. LPS(5 and $10{\mu}g/ml$) significantly increased IL-6 production of periodontal ligament cells than control. 4. Rhizoma coptidis($10^{-9}g/ml$) decreased IL-6 production of LPS ($5{\mu}g/ml$)-treated periodontal.ligarnent cells than LPS only tested group. These findings suggest that stimulation of the IL-6 release of periodontal ligament cells by LPS may have a role in the progression of inflammation and alveolar bone resoption in periodontal disease, and that inhibition of the IL-6 release of cells and stimulation of cellular activity by rhizoma coptidis may help the periodontal regeneration.