• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on blood lipids and also to investigated the relation of blood lipids, bone related hormones, and bone mineral density in overiectomized rats. Forty female rats (body weight $210\pm5$g) were divided into two groups. The rats in the first group were ovariectomized which the others received sham operation (SHAM). And then each rat group was further divided into control diet $(casein\;20\%)$ and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented $(0.1\%)$ diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus in spine and femur. Bone formation and bone resorption were measured by serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value. Serum growth hormone, IGF-1 and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the blood triglyceride concentration and had lower the blood total cholesterol concentration than casein group did in ovariectomized rats. And the red-yeast-rice group than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the atherogenic index than control group within the ovariectomized groups. In the experimental rats, serum total cholesterol concentration was negatively correlated with femur BMC and crosslink value. Crosslink value was negatively correlated with spine BMC and IGF-1. Osteocalcin concentration was negatively correlated with crosslink value. Growth hormone was negatively correlated with crosslink value and positively correlated with spine BMC. The findings of this study suggest that red-yeast-rices are beneficial for blood lipid in ovariectomized rats. And when considering a population-based public health approach to lowering cholesterol and bone loss, and preventing coronary heart disease and osteoporosis, the red-yeast-rice dietary supplement could provide a new approach for the maintenance of healthier cholesterol and bone.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2010

The modified simultaneous differential staining technique, which enables double staining of cartilage and bones, needs to be improved to prevent soft tissues from being damaged during the staining process. Key factors influencing the extent to which soft tissues are damaged include the fixative used, macerating time, potassium hydroxide concentration, incubation temperature and the removal of skin from specimens. Here we describe a protocol that enables the hardening of tissues during bleaching and maceration. We also describe a method for objectively measuring rates of cartilage and bone growth. The use of formalin as a fixative rendered soft tissues more rigid due to the resulting chemical bonds formed between proteins. Blotted specimens were immersed in 1% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 day (smaller specimens) or 2-3 days (larger specimens). The 1% KOH solution was also used as the diluent solution for the subsequent immersion in a graded series of 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, 100% glycerol solutions, a procedure that made soft tissues even more transparent and hardened. It was not necessary to remove the skin of specimens shorter than 2 cm, since the macerating solution could easily penetrate their thin skin layer and continuously remove those pigments hindering visibility. Since excessive osmosis is another factor that can damage soft tissues in the macerating process by causing the rupture of those cells not able to withstand the osmotic pressure, here it was minimized by balancing the salt concentration between the interior and exterior of cells with the addition of 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) in the macerating solution. Finally, to determine the proportions of cartilage and bone growth, photographs of the stained specimens were taken with a dissecting microscope and sections corresponding to the cartilage and bones were cut out from the printed pictures and weighed. Our results show that this method is suitable for the objective evaluation of bone and cartilage growth.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2014

The growth disorder influences craniofacial development and early loss of permanent teeth. This case reports the importance of computerized tomography (CT) and surgical guide to identify horizontal bone loss, adjacent teeth and to guide drills when placing implants in a short stature patient. The patient has idiopathic short stature and the 3rd grade of intellectual disability. To recover posterior mandibular teeth, implant treatment was planned. CT images showed that the adjacent teeth were located markedly to the buccal side. A CT-based surgical guide was fabricated and implants was placed using flapless surgery. Bone dehiscence and fenestration may happen when the surgical guide was fabricated just based on adjacent clinical crowns. Thus, it is essential to analysis bone and teeth and to make surgical guide through CT, especially in atrophied bone on grow disorder patients. Furthermore, systematic researches are recommended to elucidate the relationship between growth disorder and tooth malposition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Bone meal is commonly used as a phosphorus (P) fertilizer in organic farming. Effectiveness of bone meal was compared with mineral P fertilizer to elucidate the optimum application rates of bone meal in crop production. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of bone meal and fused phosphate on plant growth and P uptake were determined in a pot experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) in a clay loam soil. Bone meal and fused phosphate were applied at 150 and 300 mg $P_2O_5/kg$ soil, and maize was grown for 3 consecutive growth periods of 4 to 5 weeks each. As compared with fused phosphate, total shoot growth of maize per pot was 3-6% lower in bone meal fertilization, and the difference was not significant in the application of 300 mg $P_2O_5/kg$. At the same P application rate, uptake of P by maize plants was 7-9% lower in bone meal treatment. The P use efficiency in bone meal treatments ranged from 11.9-13.6%, equivalent to 73-84% of the efficiency for fused phosphate treatments. CONCLUSION: The equivalence of immediate effectiveness of bone meal as a P fertilizer was at least 90% compared with fused phosphate in the pot experiment with maize. The results indicate that bone meal could be a reasonable alternative to chemical P fertilizers.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This paper presents a novel structural composition for artificial bone scaffolds with an appropriate biocompatibility and biodegradability capability. To achieve this aim, carbon nanotubes, due to their prominent mechanical properties, high biocompatibility with the body and its structural similarities with the natural bone structure are selected in component of the artificial bone structure. Also, according to the piezoelectric properties of natural bone tissue, the barium titanate, which is one of the biocompatible material with body and has piezoelectric property, is used to create self-healing ability. Furthermore, due to the fact that, most of the bone tissue is consists of hydroxyapatite, this material is also added to the artificial bone structure. Finally, polycaprolactone is used in synthetic bone composition as a proper substrate for bone growth and repair. To demonstrate, performance of the presented composition, the mechanical behaviour of the bone scaffold is simulated using ANSYS Workbench software and three dimensional finite element modelling. The obtained results are compared with mechanical behaviour of the natural bone and the previous bone scaffold compositions. The results indicated that, the modulus of elasticity, strength and toughness of the proposed composition of bone scaffold is very close to the natural bone behaviour with respect to the previous bone scaffold compositions and this composition can be employed as an appropriate replacement for bone implants.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.277-289
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• 1999

The ultimate aim of periodontal treatment is periodontal regeneration, which necessiates the regeneration of bone tissues. To evaluate the effects of Dex growth and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, cells were seeded in alpha-modified eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10mM beta-glycerophosphate , $50{\mu}g/ml$ of ascorbic acid, with or without $10^{-7}M$ Dex and examined cell proliferation activities, alkaline phosphatase activities, and bone nodule formation until 25days. The results were as follows : 1. In Dex group, cell proliferation activities were lower until 15 days compared to control group. Bone nodules formation were showed at 10 days. 2. In the time-response effect, ALP activities were increased until the 10 days in control groups thereafter decreased and ALP activities of Dex group were lower aspect than control group until the 10 days In this study, bone nodule formation of osteoblast-like cells were accelerated by Dex and cell proliferation activities, ALP activity of Dex group showed lower than control group. Dex was considered that it did suppress initial growth, but accerelate mineralization of osteoblast-like cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2008

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of level of isoflavones supplementation on bone metabolism in growing female rats. Forty-five rats divided into three groups; Control, l/2IF, and lIF. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value were measured to monitor bone formation and resorption at the ninth week after feeding. Hormones related to bone metabolism were determined, included parathyroid hormone (PTH) , calcitonin, estradiol, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The results of this study were as follows: the isoflavones intake level did not affect weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. The serum concentration of osteocalcin and the activity ofALP were not significantly different by different levels of isoflavones supplementation. The urinary DPD crosslinks value was not significantly different by different levels ofisoflavones supplementation. There were no significant differences in serum PTH, estradiol and IGFI among all groups. However, calcitonin was shown significantly higher in the groups of lIF and l/2IF than control group. And growth hormone was shown significantly higher in the groups of lIF than control group. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(3): 199~205)

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2005

Reconstruction of calvarial bone defects from congenital anomaly or from bone loss due to traumatic or neoplastic processes remains a significant problem in craniofacial surgery and neurosurgery. To facilitate bone regeneration, there have been many trials such as autologous bone graft or allograft, and the addition of demineralized bone matrix and matrix-derived growth factor. Guided bone regeneration is one of the methods to accelerate bone healing for calvarial bone defects especially in children. Pericranium is one of the most usable structure in bone regeneration. It protects the dura and sinus, and provides mechanical connection between bone fragments. It supplies blood to bone cortex and osteoprogenitor cells and enhances bone regeneration. For maximal effect of pericranium in bone regeneration, authors used pericranium as a flap for covering calvarial defects in surgeries of 11 craniosynostosis patients and achieved satisfactory results: The bone regeneration of original cranial defect in one year after operation was 74.6%(${\pm}8.5%$). This pericranial flap would be made more effectively by individual dissection after subgaleal dissection rather than subperiosteal dissection. In this article, we reviewed the role of pericranium and reported its usefulness as a flap in surgery of craniosynostosis to maximize bone regeneration.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.343-366
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• 1988

Craniofacial complex is influenced by numerical skeletal elements. Though the analysis of growth change has been done by various analytical methods, it was dependent on any method of registration and superimposition, based on reference plane and reference point. However, the craniofacial growth is composed of a number of local growth elements. Therefore, it will be necessary to use a clinically useful method for estimating craniofacial skeletal growth independently. The author analysed longitudinal cephalometric roentgenogram of 15 Korean males and 15 Korean females aged from 6 to 12 years by the finite element method and results were as follows : 1. The finite element method for craniofacial skeletal complex and soft tissue made it possible to analyze the independent local growth. 2. Regression equations from the value of each strain will make it possible to predict the craniofacial growth. 3. The growth of anterior cranial base was different from that of other facial bone. 4. The growth of posterior cranial base influenced the growth of upper pharyngeal region, midfacial region, maxilla and posterior region of mandible. 5. The growth of maxillary complex was vertical rather than horizontal. 6. The growth direction of ramus, mandibular body, alveolar bone was various. 7. The relation between hard tissue and soft tissue by finite element method was variant.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out the clinically reliable relationships between the Risser sign and chronological age, bone age, menarche, and adult height prediction (AHP) and to evidence the reliability of the Risser sign. Methods This study had been carried out with 50 children who had their growth checked in an oriental medical hospital from January 2015 to February 2017. We investigated Risser sign in AP X-rays with iliac crest, bone age, AHP for all 50 children and the timing of menarche from the 22 girls in the study subjects. We also investigated a correlation between the Risser stage and the other indicators to analyze statistical data. Results The mean chronological ages of Risser 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 11.2, 12.6, 14.4, and 15.5 years respectively for the boys and 10.8, 12.2, 13.8 and 14.8 years respectively for the girls. The mean bone ages of Risser 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 12.3, 13.6, 15.7 and 16.5 years respectively for the boys and 11.7, 13.8, 14.3 and 14.9 years respectively for the girls. We analyzed 22 girls' Risser stages in accordance with the duration from menarche. The result showed that in the first six months after menarche, all girls were in Risser 1 and 2; in the next six months, the girls were in Risser 2 on average; in the next 12 months, all girls were in Risser 3 and 4; after more than two years from menarche, all girls were in Risser 4. The mean remaining growth height of Risser 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 27.8, 17.3, 4.4 and 1.0 cm respectively for the boys and 14.5, 5.1, 3.1 and 1.1 cm respectively for the girls. The Risser stage was correlated strongly with chronological age (Spearman's rho=0.707 (boy), 0.841 (girl)), bone age (Spearman's rho=0.869 (boy), 0.875 (girl)), duration from menarche (Spearman's rho=0.909) and remaining growth height (Spearman's rho=-0.784 (boy), -0.878 (girl)). Conclusions This study showed that the Risser sign can be useful in assessing skeletal maturity and predicting remaining growth height based on the Risser stage and the other growth indicators.