• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2020

Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced inflammatory disease associated with alveolar bone loss. Osteoclast is a macrophage-lineage cell that exhibits phagocytic activity; however, osteoclast phagocytic activity has not been demonstrated under pathological conditions. Diabetes is a pathological condition that exacerbates alveolar bone loss via periodontitis; therefore, we examined phagocytic osteoclasts in diabetic rats that had periodontitis. The rats were divided into the control (C), periodontitis (P), and diabetes with periodontitis (DP) groups. Diabetes and periodontitis were induced by streptozotocin injection and ligature of the mandibular first molars, respectively. On days 3 and 20 after the ligature, the rats were sacrificed, and osteoclasts containing inclusions were quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. On day 3, there were more osteoclasts containing inclusions in the DP group than in the C group. Among inclusions, osteocyte-like cells and dense bodies were more frequently observed in the DP group than in the C group. Cytoplasm-like structures were elevated more in the DP group than in the C and P groups. However, no differences were observed on day 20. Interestingly, some osteoclasts were in contact with the osteocytes within the exposed lacunae and contained several inclusions within a large vacuole. Thus, the elevation of phagocytic osteoclasts in rats with diabetes and periodontitis provides insight into the role of osteoclast phagocytic activity under pathological conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 1998

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and constitutes one of the most important major pubulic health problems world wide. Therefore, in order to be helped early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is to be needed. Authors has analysed Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of 480 normal adults who visited woo suk unoversity Oriental Meclical Center from April 1998 to July 1998. The aims of this study is to investigate correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and age distribution, to examine the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, the peak bone density of lumbar spine was noted around 30 years, and the peak bone density of the femoral neck was noted around 20 years. The age related loss of bone density follows soon after peak density. And the signifficant difference was revealed between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density (p<0.001) 2. In distribution of sex, the bone density in male was signifficantly higher than in female (p<0.001). 3. In the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in obese group was signifficantly higher than in non-obese group. Especially, in female from 50 up to 69 years, BMD had a positive correlation with Body mass index(BMI).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.128-131
• /
• 2013

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is an inflammatory condition characterized by IgG4 positive plasma cell infiltration. It can affect any organ in the body and mainly involves the pancreas, liver, biliary tracts, orbits, salivary glands and lymph nodes. It can manifest as an inflammatory pseudotumor. Pseudolymphoma as an inflammatory pseudotumor is a group of benign tumors that exhibit histological and clinical features suggestive of malignant lymphoma. Studies on IgG4-related disease are rarely reported, and no case of the disease that involved the maxillary bone and adjacent soft tissue, except for the skin, has been reported. Therefore, we report herein a case of pseudolymphomatous IgG4-related disease that involved the maxilla, with a literature review.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.633-648
• /
• 1994

Synthetic bone graft materials have been used for the regeneration of periodontal tissue lost due to periodontal disease, but the limitations of these materials had prompted the use of composite grafts. Among those, a composite graft of calcium carbonate(CC) and calcium sulfate(CS) is one of those materials that has not been studied extensively. CC, which is extracted from a natural coral, is known to possess osteoconductive property. SC can play an adjunctive role in the regeneration of bone tissue, and has shown good resorbability and biocompatibility. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of CC and CS composite graft to the regeneration of bone in the intrabony defects of dogs. 3-wall intrabony defects ub size of $4mm{\times}4mm{\times}4mm$ were created in the alveolar bone in the premolar areas. Then those defects that were treated with root planning only were designated as control, while the experimental group 1 and 2 each received the CC and CS composite grafts in the ratio of 8 : 2 and 5 : 5 the animals were sacrificed after 8weeks and the specimens were histologically analyzed. The results were as follows ; 1. No inflammation or foreign body reaction were observed in all subjects. CS has not been seen due to complete resorption, and resorption pattern of CC was observed. 2. Significant differences(p<0.05) in new cementum formation were observed between control($1.42{\pm}0.64mm$) and experimental groups(group 1 ; $2.53{\pm}0.94mm$, group 2 ; $2.23{\pm}0.96mm$) but the difference between the two experimental groups was not significant. 3. Significant differences(p<0.01) in new bone formation were observed between control($0.59{\pm}0.55mm$) and experimental groups(group 1 ; $2.27{\pm}0.61mm$, group 2 ; $2.05{\pm}0.56mm$) but the difference between the two experimental groups was not significant. 4. The extent of apical epithelial migration has shown no significant difference between control($1.18{\pm}1.24mm$) and experimental groups(group 1 ; $0.51{\pm}0.54mm$, group 2 ; $0.73{\pm}0.70mm$). 5. The extent of bone formation was generally limited to the extent of cementum formation for all groups, and significant correlation was found in the amount of bone formation and cementum formation in experimental group 1.(Co.=0.86, p<0.01) These results suggest that the composite graft of CC and CS is biocomplatible and effective in the new bone and new cementum formations. In the case of 3-wall intrabony defects of dogs, the composite ratio of 8 : 2 and 5 : 5 had shown no significant differences in the healing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.479-493
• /
• 1997

There are various treatment methods including barrier membranes in attaining periodontal regeneration and regaining the function of destructed periodontal tissues due to periodontal disease. Barrier membranes consist of non-Resorbable and resorbable types such as Dura mater and $Guidor^{(R)}$ used in the treatment of intrabony defects and classII furcation defects have been shown to be effectively increased the amount of new bone and cementum.In our study we used premolars with class III furcation defects created by removing the bone 4mm apically from CEJ in adult dogs and placed resorbable membrane Dura mater and $Guidor^{(R)}$ for the test group and flap operation was carried out for the control groups. The effect of membrane on junctional epithelium, alveloar bone, cementum, and gingival connective tisssue in the regeneration and healing potential of periodontal tissues was evaluated and healing results were evaluated histologically and histometrically 8 weeks following the surgical procedure. 1. In the clinical observation, there was no exposure of furcation defects in the control group, whereas slight membrane exposure was noted in the test group. 2. New bone was formed up to the level of the notch in the control group, whereas in the test group new bone formation was observed above the level of the notch. 3. New cementum was formed in both groups of the experiment. 4. The connective tissue observed between the new cementum and new bone in the test group were functionally orientated, compared to the irregular formation of connective tissues found in the control group. 5. Root resorption or ankylosis was not observed in any of the groups 6. The mean and median of the control group were 4.31% and 2.23% and for the Dura mater group were 27.85% and 15.57% respectively. There was no significant difference between Dura mater and the control group. 7. The mean and median of the control group were 4.31% and 2.23% and for the $Guidor^{(R)}$ group were 37.27% and 37.19% respectively. There was a significant difference in these two groups(P$Guidor^{(R)}$ were 37.27% and 37.19%. There was no significant difference between the two test groups. Thus, by using Dura mater and Guidor in classIII furcation defects, the predictable amount of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone regeneration may result.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.64-86
• /
• 1994

The authors have transplanted periodontally involved roots which had been root planed into healthy and periodontally involved extraction sockets, and studied the root resorption patterns as well as its effect on new bone formation and wound healing. Alveolar bone around mandibular premolars of 6 adult dogs has been surgically removed, followed by ligation of orthodontic elastic wires for 8 weeks inducing chronic periodontal disease. After removing the crown portions, roots were extracted, and notches were made on the root surfaces discriminating healthy and periodontally involved areas using burs. Controls and experimental groups were divided as follows. Control I : Transplantation of periodontally involved root into healthy extraction sockets. Control II : Transplantation of periodontally involved root into diseased extraction sockets. Experimental group I : Transplantation of root planed roots into healthy extraction sockets. Experimental group II : Transplantation of root planed roots into diseased extraction sockets. Extraction sockets were sutured after transplantations, completely submerging the roots. Healing progress was histologically observed at 2nd, 8th, 12th, and 20th weeks, and the results were as follows ; 1. No inflammation or infection within the extraction sockets had been observed in all groups throughout the experimental period. 2. Reversal lines were observed at week 2 in all groups, clearly discriminating socket walls and new bone, and numerous blood vessels were observed in the new bone trabeculae. 3. Experimental groups showed markedly less root resorption compared to the controls at week 2, but as time progressed, severe resorptions were present in all groups. 4. Localized areas of new bone ankylosis were observed, and the rest of the areas showed collagen fiber insertion with new bone formation at its periphery. 5. No clear differences were found in healing and alveolar bone regeneration between healthy and diseased extraction sockets. 6. The amount of root resorption and ankylosis had increased up to week 8 and 12, showing ankylosis of new bone and the roots. However, no further increase in ankylosis was observed at week 20. 7. Most of the cementum on healthy roots was directly ankylosed to new bone at week, 2, and were gradually resorbed and replaced by new bone thereafter. These results appear to indicate that root planing may inhibit early root resorption of transplanted roots, but gradual replacement by alveolar bone and collagen fibers eventually occur. Condition of the roots or presence of disease in extraction sockets do not appear to make marked differences in alveolar bone regeneration process.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.496-500
• /
• 2013

Objective : To evaluate the successful fusion rate in postmenopausal women with single-level anterior cervical discectomy and successful fusion (ACDF) and identify the significant factors related to bone successful fusion in pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods : From July 2004 to December 2010, 108 consecutive patients who underwent single-level ACDF were prospectively selected as candidates. Among these, the charts and radiological data of 39 women were reviewed retrospectively. These 39 women were divided into two groups : a premenopausal group (n=11) and a postmenopausal group (n=28). To evaluate the significant factors affecting the successful fusion rate, the following were analyzed : the presence of successful fusion, successful fusion type, age, operated level, bone mineral density, graft materials, stand-alone cage or plating with autologous iliac bone, subsidence, adjacent segment degeneration, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease. Results : The successful fusion rates of the pre- and postmenopausal groups were 90.9% and 89.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the successful fusion rate or successful fusion type between the two groups. In the postmenopausal group, three patients (10.8%) had successful fusion failure. In the postmenopausal group, age and subsidence significantly affected the successful fusion rate (p=0.016 and 0.011, respectively), and the incidence of subsidence in patients with a cage was higher than that in patients with a plate (p=0.030). Conclusion : Menopausal status did not significantly affect bone successful fusion in patients with single-level ACDF. However, in older women with single-level ACDF, the combination of use of a cage and subsidence may unfavorably affect successful fusion.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.261-281
• /
• 1993

The author transplanted periodontally-diseased teeth which had been treated with citric acid into a clinically healthy extraction sockets and periodontally-affected extraction sockets, and compared with the healing processes within these tissues. Recipient sites were prepared by surgically removing a part of alveolar bone of premolars of adults dogs, placing elastic orthodontic ligatures for 8weeks, thereby inducing periodontal disease. The diseased roots were extracted and transplanted into healthy extraction sockets, and these were designated as control group 1. Diseased roots transplanted into diseased sockets were designated as control group 2. Diseased roots which had been root planed, treated with citric acid and transplanted into healthy sockets were designated as experimental group 1, while identically treated roots which had been transplanted into diseased sockets were designated as experimental group 2. Observations were made at weeks 2, 8 and 12, with following results. 1. At week 2, experimental group 2 showed some inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue above the extraction sockets, while control groups showed less inflammatory or foreign body reactions throughout the experiment. 2. In both control groups, root surface resorption was observed throughout the experiment, while experimental groups showed a little resorption. 3. Control group 1 & 2 showed ankylosis by newly-formed bone ground the resorbed root surfaces, while experimental group 1 & 2 displayed collagen fibers which are not functionally-arranged, with random, loose arrangement or parallel orientation to root surfaces, and newly-formed bone outside of them. 4. In both control groups & experimental groups which had been transplanted into a clinically healthy extraction sockets & periodontally affected extraction sockets groups, histological differences were not significant. 5. Root resorption or ankylosis in control group 1 & 2 had increased quantitatively as experiment progressed. 6. New bone formation developed from the base and lateral wall of extraction sockets. In both control groups & experimental groups, root surfaces lying next to the upper portion of extraction sockets showed little alveolar bone formation and surrounded by connective tissue fiber at weeks 2 & 8, while at weeks 12, they did show alveolar bone formation. 7. At week 12, experimental group 2 showed numerous cells which appeared to be periodontal ligament cells, with functionally arranged connective tissue fibers between the roots and alveolar bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.523-533
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar bone surface following root separation angle in the mandibular second molars. The fifty mandibular second molars(which were extracted) were selected, and the alveolar bone surface following root separation angle of the selected teeth were evaluated. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The root separation angle of fifty mandibular second molars were divided into three groups. The first $group(10-20^{\circ})$ was made up of ten teeth, the second $group(20-30^{\circ})$ was made up of fifteen teeth, and the third group(30-40$^{\circ}$) was made up of twenty-five teeth. 2. The mean root separation angle was $28.1^{\circ}$. The mean alveolar bone rate on the mesial surface of the mesial root was 44.27%, on the distal surface of the mesial root was 36.52%, on the mesial surface of the distal root was 33.45%, and on the distal surface of the distal root was 25.28%. 3. The mean alveolar bone rate on the distal surface of the mesial root, which composed the root separation area, was 32.95% in the first group, 36.06% in the second group, and 38.22% in the third group. The mean alveolar bone rate in the mesial surface of the distal root was 31.40% in the first group, 31.93% in the second group, and 35.18% in the third group. 4. The positive correlation was found between the root separation angle and the alveolar bone rate in the root separation area.(P<0.05) Although the mandibular second molar is a very important tooth in the oral cavity, its treatment and diagnosis is very difficult due to the variation of its root form. When periodontal disease involves the mandibular second molar, the result of this study assists in its treatment and diagnosis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 1983

The author measured the degree of alveolar bone resorption around mandibular central incisors in Korean female(254). Mandibulr central incisors were selected from the females who do not have periodontal disease or malocclusion. The selected radiograms were enlarged in the $5"\times7"$ printing papers for the precise measuring. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The average alveolar bone resorption around mandibular central incisors in Korean women were 1.91mm in 3rd decade, 2, 16mm in 4th decade, 2.51mm in 5th deacade, 2.70mm in 6th decade, 2.94mm in older age group. 2. Alveolar bone resorption and age were in positive correlation; there is a tendency that the alveolar bone resorption increase with aging. 3. The regression equation is as follows. Y=13.57x + 7.06(r=0.60, n=254) (Y=estimated age, x=Length(C-E Junction alveolar crest)lar crest)