• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2008

Theosteoporosis, which is occurred after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically and its main symptoms are the bone fracture and the height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Phlomis umbrosa will have for the prevention of the osteoporosis in the SD-rat that is caused by the ovariectomy. The 24 female white rats, after their ovaries are removed, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group. After then, for 8 weeks, D.W to the normals and the control, and the Phlomis umbrosa(46 mg/100 g) to the Phlomis umbrosa group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. And the weight, albumin, AST, ALT, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. The serum analysis shows that the total cholesterol of the Phlomis umbrosa Administrated group reduced remarkably, compared to that of the control group. AST, ALT, ALP, T4 of Phlomis umbrosa group were decreased, but not in distinct measure. Estradiol of Phlomis umbrosa group increased substantially compared to that of the control group, but albumin, triglyceride, Phosphorous, calcium of the group showed the tendency to increase, but not so remarkably. The histological observation shows that the area and the thickness of (trabecular bone), the number of osteoclast of the Phlomis umbrosa groups increased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: The above experiment shows that Phlomis umbrosa has the prevention effect by supplying estradiol.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.902-915
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• 2022

Objective: Diet acidification supplementation is known to influence intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, and on phosphorus (P) utilization of broilers. Alterations in intestinal barrier and microbiota have been associated with systemic inflammation and thus regulating bone turnover. Hence the effect of acidifier addition to drinking water on tibia mass and the linkages between intestinal integrity and bone were studied. Methods: One-d-old male broilers were randomly assigned to normal water (control) or continuous supply of acidified water (2% the blend of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid, lactic, and phosphoric acid) group with 5 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate for 42 d. Results: Acidification of drinking water improved the ash percentage and calcium content of tibia at 42 d. Broilers receiving acidified water had increased serum P concentration compared to control birds. The acidified group showed improved intestinal barrier, evidenced by increased wall thickness, villus height, the villus height to crypt depth ratio, and upregulated mucin-2 expression in ileum. Broilers receiving drinking water containing mixed organic acids had a higher proportion of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as a lower population of Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, the addition of acidifier to drinking water resulted in declined ileal and serum proinflammatory factors level and increased immunoglobulin concentrations in serum. Concerning bone remodeling, acidifier addition was linked to a decrease in serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase reflecting bone resorption, whereas it did not apparently change serum alkaline phosphatase activity that is a bone formation marker. Conclusion: Acidified drinking water increased tibia mineral deposition of broilers, which was probably linked with higher P utilization and decreased bone resorption through improved intestinal integrity and gut microbiota and through decreased systemic inflammation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.117-137
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• 2011

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal-acupuncture with $Artemisiae$ $Vulgaris$ $Folium$ extract(AaH-HA) at $KI_{10}$($Eumgok$) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized(OVX) ddy mice. We carried out several experimental items to analyze the changes in body weight, urine, weight, uterus index, tibial length, the ash bone weight, tibial BMD, serum ALP, serum osteocalcin, serum Ca, and the levels of Ca, P, Ca/P ratio in tibia, and we performed histological and histomorphological analysis as well. Results : 1. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the reduction phosphorus level in serum in ovariectomized mice. 2. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the reduction creatinine level in serum in ovariectomized mice. 3. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the increase of tibial osteoclast cells in ovariectomized mice. 4. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the reduction of TBV(trabecular bone volume) and TBT(trabecular bone thickness) in ovariectomized mice. 5. Herbal-acupuncture with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the overgrowth of tibial growth plate length(GPL) in ovariectomized mice. Conclusions : In conclusion, our study suggested that Herbal-acupuncturing with AaH-HA at $KI_{10}$ can be effective treatment for osteoporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

Dietary peptides have recently received attention regarding their beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism since the caseinphosphoptides obtained from casein hydrolysate are generally believed to enhance the intestinal absorption of Ca. The two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various hydrolyzed fractions of gluten on Ca bioavailability. The gluten hydrolysate of dietary components was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten whereas gluten hydrolysate supernationt and its precipiate resulted from centrifugation. In experiment I, the rats were for 4 weeks fed the 4 kinds of diets containing same amount of nitrogen and calories and diffeing only in the forms of nitrogen sources. The diets were gluten (G), gluten hydrolysat(GH), gluten hydrolysate supernatant(GHS) and gluten hydrolysate precipitatie(GHP). Determination was made for the body weight gain, serum Ca concentration, Ca solubility in small intestinal contents, bone weight, length and stength, bone ash and Ca content, and Ca balance, respectively. No significant difference was noticed as regards growth, serum Ca, and bone dimension and Ca content among rat groups. More significant increase was observed with regard to Ca absorption and intestinal solubility in the rats receiving the GH or GHS diet which containe crude gluten peptides, than in those subjected to G or GHP diet. In experiment II, in vitro determination for Ca solubility was made to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the effects of gluten peptides on Ca absorption. The 10mM Ca in potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) incubated for 3 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ by the GHS fraction, was observed to be capable of increasing the Ca solubility at 5-25mg/ml concentration of gluten peptides. These observations suggest that the gluten peptides from gluten hydrolysate may enhance the Ca absorption efficiency by increasing the solubility of Ca in small intestine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2007

This study explored the effects of dietary calcium level and Hijikia fusiforme supplementation on bone indices and serum lipid levels using 36 female Sprague-Dawley rats as a model. Rats received low Ca diet for 3 weeks after ovariectomy. The rats were then divided into six dietary groups and fed low (0.1% Ca), normal (0.5% Ca) and high (1.5% Ca) Ca diets (CaL, CaN, CaH) and low, normal, high Ca diets with Hijikia fusiforme supplementation (CaLH, CaNH, CaHH) for 3 weeks. After each experimental periods, 24 hour urine and/or blood samples, left and right femurs were collected for analysis. Serum Ca concentration showed no significant difference by dietary Ca levels and Hijikia fusiforme supplementation. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in normal and high Ca group compared to low Ca group. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid were not significantly different among groups. HDL-cholesterol showed no significant difference by Hijikia fusiforme supplementation. However, the normal and high Ca groups showed significantly higher HDL-cholesterol compared to the low Ca group. Urinary hydroxyproline and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio were not significantly different among groups. The wet weight of the femur was significantly higher in low Ca group compared to normal or high Ca group. The dry weight, wet weight/body weight, length and breaking force of the femur were not significantly different among groups. Ash contents/wet weight of the femur was significantly increased as dietary Ca levels up and significantly higher in Hijikia fusiforme supplementation groups. The Ca content of the femur were significantly higher in the normal and high Ca groups than the low Ca group. However, there was no significant difference in Ca content by Hijikia fusiforme supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1973

This study was designed to compare the effect of dietary intakes on different quality protein & levels of caloric consumption supplemented by sugar at the level of 26% of total caloric intakes. 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged 30-40 days were devided into following six groups, 5 rats each. ACO Group: Ad libitum, Casein, no sugar group ACS Group: Ad libitum, Casein, 26% sugar supplemented group RBO Group: 50% restriction,Bean, no sugar group RBS Group: 50% restriction, Bean, 26% sugar supplemented group RAO Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, no sugar group RAS Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, 26% sugar supplemented group The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 12 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as follow. Body weight gained and organ weight showed no significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. It was noteworthy that the shrinkage of female sex organ supplemented by sugar in the diet showed lower degree than that of compared groups in this study. In other word, degree of shrinkage due to protein-caloric restriction was decreased by sugar supplementation. Nitrogen Metabolism and total nitrogen retention were not observed any significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. Dental caries showed higher incidence for sugar supplemented groups. Hematology and bone growth showed no differences in this study. The similar results on the metabolic effects concerned the above view Points were obtained in the different protein groups such as bean & anchovy as protein sources in the diet. Caloric restriction Produced a lower growth-rate, lower body weight and poorer long bone growth. But composition of bone ash, concentration of nitrogen, calcium and blood glucose, liver fats and liver water content maintenanced at the same levels of standard group.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2003

Utilization of soluble protein recovered from surimi wastewater using calcium powder of cuttle bone were examined. The crude ash content of the heat-induced surimi gel was increased linearly by increasing substitution ratio of recovered protein-ATC toward commercial surimi. Moisture (approximately $76\%$) and lipid $(0.2\%)$ contents were not change, but their protein contents were decreased 15.7 to $14.3\%$ depend on increasing of substitution ratio. The white index of the heat-induced surimi gel by color meter was increased up to $10\%$ of substitution ratio. There were no difference between $0\%\;and\;5\%$ substituted surimi gel in the gel strength. The sensory score on white index and texture of the heat-induced surimi gel did not change in 0 to $10\%$ as a substitution ratio of recovered protein-ATC toward commercial surimi, while decreased in more $15\%.$ The optimal substitution ratio of recovered protein-ATC as a bulking agent was $10\%.$ The heat-induced surimi gel prepared with $10\%$ substitution of recovered protein-ATC was similar to the content and composition of total amino. acids, and superior to calcium content and the ratio of calcium and phosphorus toward those of commercial surimi.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated the effects of ostrich extract combined with Korean herb medicine(OEKHM) on the serum parameters in carageenan induced paw edema in rats. Carageenan causes enhanced edema formation which contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. There were four groups of treatments: OEKHMs and the control. After treatment with oral doses of 3 mL/180 g BW. 3 kinds of OEKHMs were processed which were ostrich bone with flesh meat with herb medicine(BFH), ostrich bone with flesh meat(BF), and ostrich bone with internal organs(BI). The contents of crude fat of the BFH was lower, but crude protein and crude ash of the BFH were significantly higher than those of the BF and the BI. In case of the levels of minerals(Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn ) of the BFH were significantly higher than those of BF and BI. And the heavy metals(Pb and Cd) were not detected in the OEKHM. The serum level of triglyceride in the BFH treated group decreased compared to that of the edema induced group. The serum levels of HDL-cholesterol concentration in the BFH supplemented group increased compared to that of the other groups. The serum levels of minerals(Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn) of the BFH treated group significantly increased than those of other groups(p<0.05).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.623-631
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• 2018

The present study investigated the food component characteristics of a bone-softened mackerel Scomber japonicus product (FC-M). The proximate composition of the FC-M was 57.4% moisture, 25.2% crude protein, 14.1% crude lipid, and 2.7% ash. The energy in the FC-M was 241.5 kcal/100 g, which corresponds to 8.9-16.1% of the daily energy intake recommended for Koreans ${\geq}6$ years of age. Regardless of type of taste, there were no significant differences in taste intensity when the FC-M was compared to a control (canned mackerel) but the odor intensity was significantly higher. Although there were no significant differences in hardness, the Hunter color values of redness and yellowness were significantly lower than those of the control. The sensory score for the FC-M was significantly superior to that of the control. The total amino acid content in the FC-M was 24.12 g/100 g and the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and histidine. The major fatty acids in the FC-M were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 and the FC-M was a good source of minerals.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 일반적으로 데리야끼 소스 제조에 많이 사용되는 주재료인 닭 뼈, 장어 뼈와 대구 뼈 등의 비가식부의 활용을 위한 데리야끼 소스 3종을 제조하여, 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 평가를 통한 각각의 품질 특성을 비교 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분의 함량은 닭 뼈를 주재료로 사용한 데리야끼 소스가 가장 낮았으며, 이에 반해 회분의 함량은 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기질의 함량은Ca, K, Mg, Na, P 모두에서 닭 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스가 가장 높게 나타났다. Ca의 함량은 장어 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스, K은 대구 뼈를사용한 데리야끼 소스가 다소 높게 나타났고, Mg, Na, P은 장어 뼈와 대구 뼈를 사용한 데리야끼 소스 모두 비슷한 함량수준을 나타내었다. 데리야끼 소스에 대한 총 유리아미노산 함량은 닭 뼈, 대구 뼈, 장어 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스 순으로 나타났다. 분석된 유리아미노산의 항목 중 각각의 시료 모두에서 glutamic acid>aspartic acid>leucine 순으로 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었고, 또한, 닭 배를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스는 taurine, carnosine물 제외한 모든 유리아미노산 항목에서 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었다. 대구 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스는 분석된 아미노산 중 taurine과 sarcosine이 다른 데리야끼 소스 중에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었고, 특히 sarcosine은 닭 뼈와 장어 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스에는 분석되지 않은 유리아미노산 항목이었다. 관능평가 중 묘사 척도법에서는 감칠맛과 점도, 기호 척도 법에서는 향, 종합적인 기호도 모두 닭 뼈를 주재료로 사용한 데리야끼 소스가 가장 좋은 평가를 나타내었으며, 다음으로 대구 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스가 좋은 평가를 나타내었다. 또한, 유리 아미노산 중 맛난 맛을 평가한 항목에서 닭 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스가 taurine과 carnosine을 제외한 전체 항목에서 높은 평가를 나타낸 결과를 나타내어 맛난 맛 유리 아미노산과 관능평가의 맛에 대한상관관계가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 일반적으로 데리야끼 소스 재료로서 어류 중 장어 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스보다 우수한 결과를 보인 대구 뼈를 주재료로 한 데리야끼 소스가 개발이 된다면 미 이용 자원의 효율적 활용, 환경 오염 예방, 저렴하고 풍족한 원료의 공급 등 부산물의 재활용 방안으로서의 고부가가치 상품의 개발은 식품 가공 및 외식산업 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.