• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.680-692
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• 1997

New bonding agent systems have been supplied which operators can simply apply to conditioned tooth surfaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths and the microleakages of three bonding agents and composite resins to dentin. Seventy-five extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were used in this study. For the shear bond strength test, the entire occlusal dentin surfaces of thirty teeth were exposed with Diamond Wheel Saw and smoothed with Lapping and Polishing Machine (South Bay Technology Co., U.S.A). For the microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of fourtyfive teeth. They were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to dentin bonding agents ($Scotchbond^{TM}$ Multi-Purpose plus, ONE-$STEP^{TM}$ and Prime & $Bond^{TM}$)and composite resins (Z-100, $Aelitefil^{TM}$ and TPH $Spectrum^{TM}$) to be used. Bonding agents and composite resins were bonded to exposed dentin surfaces of the tooth crown and to Class V cavities on the buccal surfaces respectively according to manufacturer's directions. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine($U^{TM}$ AGS-100, Japan). In addition, the degree of micro leakage at the occlusal and gingival margin was examined by 2 % methylene blue and stereomicroscope(Olymous SZH 10, Japan). The results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strength to dentin was the highest value in SBMP-Plus group($16.68{\pm}7.38$ MPa) and the lowest value in Prime & Bond group($11.61{\pm}5.82$ MPa), but there was no significant difference of shear bond strength among three groups. 2. The degree of microleakage at both occlusal and gingival margin was showed the lowest in SBMP-Plus group and the highest in ONE-STEP group. 3. At both occlusal and gingival margin, there was significant difference of microleakage between SBMP-Plus and ONE-STEP/ Prime & Bond groups(p<0.05), but no significant difference of microleakage between ONE-STEP and Prime & Bond group(p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.487-507
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• 1995

Composite resin repair requires strong bond strength between the new and old materials. The objective of the current study was to identify the optimal treatments for sufficient bond strengths. Bondings between same kinds of materials and cross bondings using chemical curing composites and light curing composites were tested. Surface treatments included the methods of sand-blasting, acid etching and coating of bonding agent. Seven kinds cases of combinations from three kinds of methods were experimented and compared with a control group of which surfaces were highly polished. Measurements of shear bond strength and observations of surface morphologic changes using a scanning electron microscope were done. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. The highest bond strength among composite resins were exhibited by the treatment of the sand-blasting and the coating of bonding agent. 2. Acid etched surfaces showed the lowest bond strength. Bond strengths obtained from experimental groups including acid etching were lower than those obtained from same kinds of experimental groups without acid etching. 3. Simple method of the coating of bonding agent produced the slightly increased bond strength on chemical curing composite and reduced bond strength on light curing composite. 4. Bonding surfaces of chemical curing composite resin showed slightly higher bond strengths than light curing composite resin, however significant differences were not confirmed statistically. 5. More significant irregular surfaces were created by sand-blasting method than acid etching method. 6. A principal component of fillers of both resins was silicon. Acid etching method produced the seperations and degradations of fillers, these were significant on light curing composite resins which containing barium fillers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.697-705
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two metal adhesive primers on the shear bond strengths of self-curing resin to Ni-Cr a]toy and the effects of 1000 thermal cycling on the durability of the bond. The two selected metal adhesive primers were Metal Primer II(G-C corp., Japan) and MR Bond(Tokuyama corp., Japan) and no treatment groups were used as control. All specimens were divided into two groups according to thermal cycling. In the group without thermal cycling, the specimens were stored in water for 24 hours. In the group with thermal cycling, the specimens were thermocycled 1000 times at temperature of $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$. Shear bond strengths were measured using the Universal testing machine(Zwick 145641, Germany) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were as follows: 1. MR Bond significantly improved the shear bond strength of resin to Ni-Cr alloy before and after thermal cycling. 2. There were no difference in the shear bond strength of resin to Ni-Cr alloy between Metal Primer II treated group and no treatment group. 3. Regardless of the type and the use of adhesive primers, there were tendency of decrease in shear bond strength with 1000 thermal cycling.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.2 s.37
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• pp.327-343
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• 1992

Metal brackets and ceramic brackets were bonded to natural teeth, porcelain crowns and gold crowns After stored in artificial saliva solution for 72 hours at $37^{\circ}C$, the shear bond strengths were measured by Instron and compared with them, the bonding sites and bracket bases were examined by scanning electron microscope and light optical stereomicroscope. The results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strengths of the group which metal brackets were bonded to natural teeth and the groups which ceramic brackets were bonded to natural teeth and porcelain crowns were comparable to each other, the shear bond strength of the group which metal brackets were bonded to gold crowns was significantly low. 2. The bond failed predominantly at the bracket base/adhesive interface with the bulk of adhesive remaining on enamel in the group which metal brackets were bonded to natural teeth. 3. The bond failed consistently at the crown/adhesive interface with all of adhesive remaining on the bracket babes in the group which metal brackets were bonded to gold crowns. 4. The bond failed at the enamel or crown/adhesive interface with the bulk of adhesive remaining on the bracket bases in the groups which cramic brackets were bonded to natural teeth and porcelain crowns. 5. The shear bond strengths of the groups which ceramic brackets were bonded to porcelain crowns were not affected by etching time.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.4 s.47
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• pp.957-967
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different bases of ceramic brackets on shear bond strength and to observe failure patterns of bracket bondings. Lower bicuspid brackets whose bases designed for the macromechanical and silane treated chemical bonding those for silane treated chemical bonding, those for micromechanical bonding, and those for macromechanical bonding were tested as experimental groups, and foil mesh-backed metal brackets as a control group. All the brackets were bonded with $Mono-Lok\;2^{(TM)}$ on the labial surface of extracted human lower bicuspids after etching the enamel with $38\%$ phosphoric acid solution for 60 seconds. The shear bond strengths were measured on the universal test machine after 24 hours passed in the $37^{\circ}C$ water bath. The gathered data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. The shear bond strengths of brackets for macromechanical and chemical bonding, those for chemical bonding, and those for micromechanical bonding were not different (p>0.05), but showed statistically higher than those of metal bracket and those of ceramic bracket for micromechanical bonding(p<0.05). The shear bond strengths of ceramic bracket for micromechanical bonding showed statistically lower than those of metal bracket(p<0.05). The enamel fractures and/or ceramic bracket fractures were observed in the cases of higher bond strength than that of metal bracket. These results supported that silane treated base of ceramic bracket show higher shear bond strength than that of metal bracket, and suggested that micromechanical form of ceramic bracket bases show higher shear bond strength than that of macromechanical form.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.550-560
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• 2000

In this study, shear bond strength of two bonding systems were measured and appearance of dentin surfaces were observed with SEM according to the storage time of eugenol on dentin surface, thus evaluated the effect of eugenol on bond strength of two dentin bonding systems. Control groups were directly bonded to dentin surface with One Step, Prime & Bond 2.1. Experimental groups were divided into experimental I and II according to dentin bonding agents. After eugenol application, dentin surfaces were bonded with One Step and Prime & Bond 2.1 according to the each storage time of immediately, 3min, 24hour, 48hour and 1week, and then control and experimental groups were filled with light cured composite resin(Z-100). After 24 hours water storage at $37^{\circ}C$, all samples were subjected to a shear load to fracture at a cross head 1.0mm/min with Instron universal testing machine(No. 4467). Etched dentin surface storaged for each time of immediately, 3min, 24hour, 48hour and 1 week after eugenol application were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope(Hitachi S-2300) at 20kvp. The data were evaluated statistically with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. The results were as follows; 1. Shear bond strengths were higher in control groups than in the experimental groups. 2. As storage time was increased after eugenol application, the shear bond strengths were decreased in experimental groups. 3. In experimental I, II the shear bond strengths were the lowest in which storage time was 1 week after eugenol application. 4. As storage time was increased after eugenol application, etched dentin surfaces showed obstructed dentinal tubule.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tri-antibiotic paste (TAP) on microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of dental adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted molars had their occlusal surfaces flattened to expose dentin. They were divided into two groups, i.e., control group with no dentin treatment and experimental group with dentin treatment with TAP. After 10 days, specimens were bonded using self-etch (Filtek P90 adhesive) or etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond Plus) adhesives and restored with composite resin. Teeth were sectioned into beams, and the specimens were subjected to MTBS test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between dentin treatment and adhesive on MTBS to coronal dentin (p = 0.003). Despite a trend towards worse MTBS being noticed in the experimental groups, TAP application showed no significant effect on MTBS (p = 0.064). Conclusions: The etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond Plus presented higher mean bond strengths than the self-etch adhesive Filtek P90, irrespective of the group. The superior bond performance for Adper Single Bond when compared to Filtek P90 adhesive was confirmed by a fewer number of adhesive failures. The influence of TAP in bond strength is insignificant.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to determine whether the combined use of one-bottle self-etch adhesives and composite resins from same manufacturers have better bond strengths than combinations of adhesive and resins from different manufacturers. Materials and Methods: 25 experimental micro-shear bond test groups were made from combinations of five dentin adhesives and five composite resins with extracted human molars stored in saline for 24 hr. Testing was performed using the wire-loop method and a universal testing machine. Bond strength data was statistically analyzed using two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Two way ANOVA revealed significant differences for the factors of dentin adhesives and composite resins, and significant interaction effect (p < 0.001). All combinations with Xeno V (Dentsply De Trey) and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental) adhesives showed no significant differences in micro-shear bond strength, but other adhesives showed significant differences depending on the composite resin (p < 0.05). Contrary to the other adhesives, Xeno V and BondForce (Tokuyama Dental) had higher bond strengths with the same manufacturer's composite resin than other manufacturer's composite resin. Conclusions: Not all combinations of adhesive and composite resin by same manufacturers failed to show significantly higher bond strengths than mixed manufacturer combinations.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.389-398
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of collagenase and esterase on dentin bond strength and nanoleakage. Resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin of premolars with Single Bond 2(SB) and Clearfil SE Bond(SE). After the microtensile specimens were prepared and stored in PBS for 24 hours(I) or, PBS(II), collagenase(III), esterase(IV) solution for 4 weeks, the specimens were stained with silver nitrate solution. Microtensile bond strength(${\mu}TBS$) and silver penetration area were measured and, the results were as follows: 1. For group II, III, and IV, the bond strengths of SB were lower than those of SB(p<0.05). The bond strengths of SB II, III, and IV were lower than that of SB I(p<0.05). There was no difference among the bond strengths of SE $I{\sim}IV$ groups(p>0.05). 2. Silver penetration areas of SB were higher than those of SE for all storage groups(p<0.05). In SB and SE groups, there was no significant difference of silver penetration area among $I{\sim}IV$ groups(p>0.05). 3. SE I, II, and III showed inverse relationship between the bond strengths and the silver penetration areas(p<0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-65
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• 1992

Bonding orthodontic adhesive resins to glazed porcelain surface is not attainable. The aim of this investigation was to examine, in vitro, the effect of three methods of porcelain surface pretreatment on the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives, and to compare the shear strength of orthodontic bracket bonding to porcelain surface by the best results that to human enamel. Porcelain disks ($Ceramco^{(TM)}$ and $Vita^{(TM)}$) baked in the laboratory were roughened by sandpapers, #320, #600, #800, #1000 and #1200, and were pretreated with silane and dried at the various temperatures, room temperature, $50^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, and were etched by 3% hydrofluoric acid solution for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes, orthodontic adhesives (System $1+^{(TM)}$ and $Unite^{(TM)}$) were applied on them, and shear bond strengths were measured by Instron. The best results of pretreatment of each method were determined by the shear bond strengths. Again, porcelain disks were pretreated by the determined best results and human enamel were etched by 37% hydrofluoric acid solution, orthodontic brackets were bonded on them by the orthodontic adhesives, and the shear bond strengths were measured and compared between them. 1. Roughening porcelain surfaces with coarse sandpaper (#300) showed higher shear bond strength than that with finer sandpapers, but it $(22.44Kgf/cm^2)$ was distinguishably low compared to that from etched human enamel $(144.11Kgf/cm^2)$. 2. There were disparities in shear bond strengths upon the orthodontic resins, which was presumably related to the contents of fillers in orthodontic adhesive resins. Also there were disparities in shear bond strength upon the porcelains which had different composition. 3. Silane enhanced the shear bond strength of orthodontic resins to porcelain surfaces ($25.20Kgf/cm^2$ at $50^{\circ}C$), which was markedly low compared to that from etched human enamel. 4. Etched porcelain surface with 3% hydrofluoric acid solution for 1 to 9 minutes showed no difference in shear bonding strength of orthodontic adhesive resins. Shear bond strength from etched porcelain $(97.43-120.72Kgf/cm^2)$ were as high as clinically available, but low compared to that from etched human enamel. 5. Roughening with #300 sandpaper and etching by 3% hydrofluoric acid followed silane application on porcelain surface showed lower shear bond strength than etched human enamel, but were as high as clinically useful. 6. The results suggest that etching porcelain surface by 3% hydrofluoric acid solution might provide comparatively high shear bond strength as much as clinically favorable.