• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three kinds of different ceramic brackets with three different bonding adhesives. 5 specimens for each combination were tested for shear bond strength using Instron and for fracture site using SENL And 3 specimens were cross-sectioned for SEM examination of bonding pattern between bracket, resin and enamel surface. The results were as follows 1. The shear bond strength of chemical curing adhesives were higher than that of light curing adhesives. 2. The shear bond strength of Starfire bracket, chemical-bonded type, was lower than that of Transcend bracket, mechanical-bonded type, and Fascination bracket, combined type. 3. Fracture site of each bracket and tooth surface was examined under a light optical stereoscopic microscope, Transcend groups were mainly at the E/R intderface. Fascination groups were mainly at the COMB interface and Starfire groups were mainly at the R/B interface.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of desensitizer on shear bond strength of adhesive resin cements for all ceramic crown. For this study, Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$(Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) and MS $Coat^{(R)}$(Sun medical, Japan) were used as desensitizer, and Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement(Tokuyama, Japan) and Variolink $II^{(R)}$ resin cement (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) were used. IPS Empress ceramics were bonded to dentin surfaces after application of desensitizer and shear bond strength of specimens were measured using UTM(Zwick 1456 41. Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The shear bond strength of both resin cements were not affected by Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$ containing HEMA 2. The shear bond strength of Bistite $II^{(R)}$ resin cement was significantly decreased by MS $Coat^{(R)}$. 3. The failure mode in MS $Coat^{(R)}-Bistite \;II^{(R)}$ group was mainly adhesive type between dentin and resin cement. but that of Gluma $desensitizer^{(R)}$-Variolink $II^{(R)}$ group was mainly mixed type, combined adhesive failures between dentin and resin cement or porcelain and resin cement.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate possibility of using indirect composite resin instead of porcelain through the measurement of shear bond strength between zirconia core and indirect composite resin under treatment of $Rocatec^{TM}$ system for improving the adhesion of indirect composite resin. 20 cylindrical zirconia core specimens were divided into 2 groups, according to zirconia surface treatment and attached materials: 1) treated with sandblast and attached with indirect composite resin, 2) treated with sandblast + $Rocatec^{TM}$ system and attached with indirect composite resin. The shear bond strength of each experimental group was measured by MTS and the changes of zirconia core surface according to surface treatments were obtained by SEM observation and measurements of surface roughness. The mean shear bond strength values are $0.55\;{\pm}\;0.11MPa$(Group SC) and $1.16\;{\pm}\;0.46MPa$(Group SRC). The mean Ra values for the surface treatments were follows: $0.39\;{\pm}\;0.13$($100{\beta}_{{\mu}m}$ sandblast) and $0.50\;{\pm}\;0.03$($100{\beta}_{{\mu}m}$ sandblast + $Rocatec^{TM}$ system). In the analysis of EDS, Si element was detected in the Group SC. The shear bond strength between zirconia core and indirect composite resin was improved significantly by using $Rocatec^{TM}$ system.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.579-588
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• 2007

Statement of problem: A tenderness of the dentin after tapering of teeth for dental prosthesis is a common phenomenon. In practice, the alternative desensitizer may be used for minor pain after tapering of teeth. Purpose: In this study, the desensitizers were used to investigate the affect decreasing of shear bond strength according to the use of various cement, such as resin, Glass Ionomer, and phosphate cement. Material and method: Three different desensitizers were used on this study Compositions of two dentin desensitizers were HEMA(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and glutaraldehyde. The other one is oxalic acid. Three dentin desensitizers applied on 12 degrees taper teeth. Then, Ni-Cr crowns were bonded with Resin cement, Zinc Phosphate (ZPC) cement and Glass Ionomer (GIC) cement. 120 human premolar teeth were used for specimens. The specimens were divided into four group as the reference and the empirical each with thirty specimens, then further divided into 12 group according to type of desensitizers and cement types. The shear bond strength were measured by Instron multi task instrument. Results: According to the result, the measured shear bond strength in order from the weakest to the strongest in general was ZPC, Resin, and GIC. And it is found that the application of desensitizers on dentin surface does not affect the shear bond strength. Conclusion: Dentin desensitizers that alleviate or prevent a dentin tenderness, usually contains HEMA and glutaraldehyde compounds. Such desensitizers are widely used in clinical studies. By applying the dentin desensitizer on the exposed dentin surface, the dentin capillary are blocked and periodontal membrane and cementum can not be drawn in pulp cavity. Since HEMA and glutaraldehyde may cause harm to the pulp cavity, an alternative desensitizer was developed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.45.1-45.11
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-remineralized caries-affected dentin (CAD). Materials and Methods: Exposed dentin surfaces of 30 human third molar teeth were divided into 2 equal groups for evaluating fluoride release and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD. Each group was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups: 1) control (sound dentin); 2) artificially demineralized dentin (CAD); 3) CPP-ACP remineralized dentin (remineralized CAD). To measure fluoride release, 15 disc-shaped specimens of RMGIC (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were bonded on one flat surface of the dentin discs of each group. Fluoride release was tested using ion chromatography at different intervals; 24 hours, 3, 5, 7 days. RMGIC micro-cylinders were built on the flat dentin surface of the 15 discs, which were prepared according to the assigned group. Micro-shear bond strength was measured after 24 hours water storage. Data were analyzed using 1- and 2-way analysis of variance and the post hoc least significant difference test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Fluoride detected in solutions (at all intervals) and the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC bonded to CPP-ACP-remineralized dentin were significantly higher than those bonded to artificial CAD (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Demineralized CAD consumes more fluoride released from RMGIC into the solution for remineralization than CPP-ACP mineralized dentin does. CPP-ACP increases the micro-shear bond strength of RMGIC to CAD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

The main objective of this study is to develop a test for measuring the bond shear strength between pavement layers. The research is also conducted to evaluate tack coat materials and application rate in porous pavement. The experiment includes using two types of emulsions (RSC-4, Modified Emulsion) and a asphalt binder type (HM-1). HM-1 was developed to be applied in porous pavement. The bond shear strengths were measured by a direct shear type device under various test conditions. The shear strength may not be appropriate in the evaluation of the bond shear strength, while the toughness of the test may be useful. In case of the tack coat application rate in porous pavement, RSC-4 has to be used a minimum amount of $0.8l/m^2$ and modified emulsion asphalt has to be applied a volume of use $0.5{\sim}0.6l/m^2$. HM-1, asphalt cement type, is far stronger bond shear strength than emulsified asphalt tack coat and had showed the excellent trackless property.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2002

This study investigated the shear bond strengths between abrasion-resistant denture teeth and composite resins according to surface treatments. Denture teeth for this study were Trubyte IPN teeth(Dentsply Inc., USA) with interpenetrating polymer network and Endura Posterio (Shofu Inc. Japan) of composite resin teeth, and restorative composite resins were Clearfil FII (Kuraray, Japan) of the self-cured composite resin and Z100(3M Dental Product, USA) of the light-cured composite resin. Five different surface treatments were evaluated: (1) $50{\mu}m\;A1_2O_3$ sandblasting: (2) #100 carbide paper; (3) chloroform; (4) retentive holes; and (5) no treatment. After surface treatments, denture teeth were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and the maximum shear bond strengths between abrasion-resistant denture teeth and composite resins were measured using Instron. The results were as follows; 1. IPN teeth treated with sandblasting had the highest shear bond strength, and Endura treated with sandblasting and carbide paper had significantly greater shear bond strength than with any other surface treatment. 2. Regardless or composite resins, the shear bond strength on Endura was greater than on IPN teeth. 3. Regardless of denture teeth, the shear bond strength of Clearfil FII was greater han of Z100. 4. In appearance of SEM, IPN teeth treated with sandblasting showed generalized roughness on the all of surface, however, carbide paper treatment resulted in partly rough. Endura treated with sandblasting and carbide paper showed similar surface characteristics. Wetting denture teeth surface with chloroform removed the debris and created a particle-free and smooth surface.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2013

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric acid etching and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on the shear bond strength of resin cement to lithium disilicate ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifty-five ceramic blocks ($5mm{\times}5mm{\times}2mm$) were fabricated and embedded in acrylic resin. Their surfaces were finished with 1000-grit silicon carbide paper. The blocks were assigned to five groups: 1) 9.5% hydrofluoric-acid etching for 60 s; 2-4), 1.5-, 2.5-, and 6-W Er,Cr:YSGG laser applications for 60 seconds, respectively; and 5) no treatment (control). One specimen from each group was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Ceramic primer (Rely X ceramic primer) and adhesive (Adper Single Bond) were applied to the ceramic surfaces, followed by resin cement to bond the composite cylinders, and light curing. Bonded specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Shear bond strengths were determined by a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. Adhesion was significantly stronger in Group 2 ($3.88{\pm}1.94$ MPa) and Group 3 ($3.65{\pm}1.87$ MPa) than in Control group ($1.95{\pm}1.06$ MPa), in which bonding values were lowest (P<.01). No significant difference was observed between Group 4 ($3.59{\pm}1.19$ MPa) and Control group. Shear bond strength was highest in Group 1 ($8.42{\pm}1.86$ MPa; P<.01). CONCLUSION. Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1.5 and 2.5 W increased shear bond strengths between ceramic and resin cement compared with untreated ceramic surfaces. Irradiation at 6 W may not be an efficient ceramic surface treatment technique.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of relining materials on the flexural strength of relined thermoplastic denture base resins (TDBRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS. For shear bond strength testing, 120 specimens were fabricated using four TDBRs (EstheShot-Bright, Acrytone, Valplast, Weldenz) that were bonded with three autopolymerizing denture relining resins (ADRRs: Vertex Self-Curing, Tokuyama Rebase, Ufi Gel Hard) with a bond area of 6.0 mm in diameter and were assigned to each group (n=10). For flexural strength testing, 120 specimens measuring $64.0{\times}10.0{\times}3.3mm$ (ISO-1567:1999) were fabricated using four TDBRs and three ADRRs and were assigned to each group (n=10). The thickness of the specimens measured 2.0 mm of TDBR and 1.3 mm of ADRR. Forty specimens using four TDBRs and 30 specimens using ADRRs served as the control. All specimens were tested on a universal testing machine. For statistical analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test as post hoc and Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis (P=.05) were performed. RESULTS. Acry-Tone showed the highest shear bond strength, while Weldenz demonstrated the lowest bond strength between TDBR and ADRRs compared to other groups. EstheShot-Bright exhibited the highest flexural strength, while Weldenz showed the lowest flexural strength. Relined EstheShot-Bright demonstrated the highest flexural strength and relined Weldenz exhibited the lowest flexural strength (P<.05). Flexural strength of TDBRs (P=.001) and shear bond strength (P=.013) exhibited a positive correlation with the flexural strength of relined TDBRs. CONCLUSION. The flexural strength of relined TDBRs was affected by the flexural strength of the original denture base resins and bond strength between denture base resins and relining materials.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.354-363
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the application of nano-structured alumina coating to the surface of Y-TZP could enhance the bond strength with resin cement. Materials and methods: A total of 80 zirconia plates were prepared and divided into four groups. : 1) airborne particle abrasion treatment (A) : 2) Rocatec treatment after airborne particle abrasion (R) : 3) nano-structured alumina coating treatment after polishing (PC) and 4) nano-structured alumina coating after airborne particle abrasion (AC). Alumina coating was formed by the hydrolysis of aluminium nitride (AlN) powder and heat treatment at $900^{\circ}C$. Coating patterns were observed with FE-SEM. Resin block was bonded to treated zirconia ceramics using resin cement. The shear bond strengths were measured before and after thermocycling. Results: The FE-SEM images show a dense and uniform nano-structured alumina coating structure, which enhances shear bond strength by increasing micro mechanical interlocking to resin cement. PC and AC groups showed higher shear bond strengths than A and R groups before and after thermocycling. A and R groups displayed significant drops in shear bond strength after thermocycling. However, PC and AC groups did not show any meaningful decreases in shear bond strength after thermocycling. Conclusion: Treatment of Y-TZP ceramics with nano-structured alumina coating could significantly increase their shear bond strength.