• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.891-908
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, body weight satisfaction and eating disorder tendencies of female university students in Kyungnam province. Anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, body weight satisfaction, food preferences, disordered eating, and nutrient intakes were assessed in 132 female students at Kaya University. The results were analyzed with $x^2$- and ANOVA tests using the SPSS package program. The average age of the subjects was 20.1 years and average body mass index (BMI) were $21.1\;kg/m^2$. According to BMI, the percentages of students who were underweight, normal weight and overweight by BMI were 21.2, 55.3, and 23.5, respectively. Duration of exercise was significantly different by BMI. Index scores for a mini dietary assessment were significantly higher in the normal and overweight groups than in the underweight group. Scores for sweet, salty, and meat preferences were highest and scores for bean and vegetable preferences were lowest, in the underweight group. Satisfaction for present body weight was lowest, and self-perception of body image and weight control experiences were highest in the overweight group. All subjects in the overweight group wanted to be slim, and those in the normal and underweight groups, preferred to be more slim despite their current body weight being in the normal or below normal range. The percentage of the subjects who were at risk for eating disorders (based on scores from the Eating Attitude Test-26, EAT-$26{\geqq}20$) was 11.3%. Scores for EAT-26 were higher in the overweight group than in the underweight and normal weight groups. Nutrient intakes were not different among the groups. Therefore, dietary habits, taste and food preferences, satisfaction for present body weight, and disordered eating were significantly different according to BMI. These results suggest that overweight female university students need help correcting disordered eating, and nutrition counseling should be established to aid desirable weight control methods. Those who are underweight and normal weight need help establishing proper perceptions of their normal body weight and body image as well as nutrition counseling for health.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze University Woman Students' recognition of their physical bodies and the effects that their recognition has on their image and satisfaction of their physical bodies. The result of study is as follows. 1) According to the result of the analysis of the difference between University Woman Students students' practical physical sizes and ideal sizes, it was showed that their heights and burst should be larger than their practical physical sizes but their waist, hip, and weight should be reduced.2) According to the result of the analysis of the factors for the evaluation of University Woman Students students' behavioral body images, Factor I was 'Management of Appearance', factor II was 'Management of Weight' and Factor III was 'Satisfaction of Appearance'. Considering the result of correlation of factors of the body images, it was showed that the more interest they had on their appearances, the more management they had on their weights. 3) They had comparatively positive recognition on their physical bodies. However, regarding their degrees of the satisfactions on their physical parts, they showed somewhat dissatisfaction on all the items of their physical parts. 4) According to the result of the analysis of the correlation between their recognition of the physical types and their satisfaction of them, it was showed that they had more satisfactions when their heights were higher and their weights were lighter. In addition, it was showed that they had more satisfaction when they had larger busts and regarding their waists, hips, upper arms, lower arms, wrists, thighs, and calf measurements, they had more satisfactions when they had thinner ones and regarding their shoulders' measurements, it was showed that they had more satisfactions when they had narrower shoulders' measurements.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

This study conducted a survey to compare the size of ready-made clothes for different body shapes and body sizes, and to discover the differences in satisfaction with the size of ready-made clothes. The subjects were women in their 208 and 308 from Busan and Gyeongnam. The women were classified into groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese, using the Body Mass Index (BMI). The comparison of the body size showed a significant difference among the shapes; the average BMI in overweight women was 24.2 while that of obese women was 27.6. For the clothing size for each body shape, obese women most often wore size 77 and size 88, regardless of the sizes of upper and lower garments. The size consistency of upper and lower garments was the lowest in obese women. However, in most of the shapes, women tended to choose larger-sizes for lower garments than for upper ones. The more obese the subject, the less inclined they were to wear garments for their real body size. Satisfaction with the clothing size was significantly different between body shapes; the more obese, the lower the level of satisfaction with the size. As well, satisfaction with the fit of clothing at certain parts was shown to be low especially in the bust measurement, shoulder width, upper garment length, crotch length, and thigh circumference. When surveyed about the use of alterations for different body shapes, the results were that over 65% of subjects did not alter upper garments regardless of their body shape. Comparatively, 68% or above of all body shapes did do alterations to lower garments for example, the length of pants or skirts.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.505-515
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body mass index and food habits of female university students (nutrition majors) in Seoul. The means of height, weight and BMI were 161.22${\pm}$4.63cm, 52.76${\pm}$6.59kg, and 22.20${\pm}$3.98, respectively. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on BMI. The ratio of underweight, normal, and overweight students was 25.2%, 56.3%, and 18.5%. respectively. There were significant differences in the recognition rate of body shape and the way to maintain health by BMI. And self satisfaction rate of body shape was significantly higher in underweight subjects compared with others. There was no significant difference in the rate of activity and exercise, food behavior, intake frequency of various foods, intake of convenience food and carbonated drink according to BMI. Weight and body fat of subjects had a significant correlation with BMI. and height, frequency of taking food, frequency of meals, food behavior, intake food, health and exercise consciousness rate showed no correlation with BMI.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to understand the preference of fashion materials according to the degree of consciousness and satisfaction of body. A survey was conducted using the randomly selected 439 woman students in the twenties. The consciousness variable had three levels which were lean, medium, and obese shape for each whole, upper and lower body with self-consciousness. Also, satisfaction variable had three levels which were satisfying, average, and unsatisfying group. We analyzed the data using analysis of correlation, crosstabulation analysis, and analysis of variance including Duncan multiple test. The results were as follows: 1) There was the positive correlation between height, leg, and arm length, and each variable, and the negative correlation between back, hip, thigh, waist, lower leg, ankle, and upper arm, and each variable. Also, we could observe the pattern that the larger the head or the more the weight was, the lower the satisfaction of body was. 2) There were no strong correlation between breast and hand size and each variable. From the crossed classification, we could observe the trend that the smaller the breast was, the lower the satisfaction of body was. 3) There were the strong correlation between whole and upper body in consciousness degree and between whole and lower body in satisfaction. 4) The consciousness of the whole body was shown lean shape 23.4%. medium shape 49.2%, and obese shape 27.2%. For the satisfaction degree of the whole body, satisfaction was shown 6.8%, average 41.7% and unsatisfaction 51.4%, so the satisfaction group is very small. 5) From the analysis for the consciousness degree of the whole body, the preferred fashion materials were polyester and acetate in casual wear, linen, polyester, acryl, T/W, and polyurethan in formal wear, and cotton, nylon, TIC, and T/W in sports wear. There was significant difference in casual wear, formal wear, and sports wear, but, not in underwear and accessories among he consciousness groups. 6) From the analysis for the satisfaction degree of the whole body, the preferred fashion materials were linen, silk, and acetate in casual wear, cotton in underwear, polyurethane in formal wear, and nylon in sports wear. There was the significant difference in casual wear, underwear, formal wear and sports wear, but, not in accessories among the satisfaction groups.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.526-537
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry and nutrition knowledge, food behaviour and lifestyle of women college students with different obesity indexes. The subjects were 251 women college students who were randomly selected from Kunsan National University. The height, body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were measured, and health-related lifestyle habits were evaluated based on questionnaires. The subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) : underweight, normal weight and overweight. The results were as follows. Their body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were significantly higher in the overweight subjects when compared to the underweight or normal weight subjects. Standard of living, self-recognition of health status and duration of exercise were significantly correlated with their BMIs. Self-satisfaction with body weight decreased as the BMI increased. Most subjects had poor habits such as skipping meals and lack of exercises. The overweight and the underweight groups skipped meals more frequently than the normal weight group. There were no significant differences in the scores on the nutritional knowledge and the dietary behaviour of the subjects with different BMIs. Therefore, proper nutritional education on regular meals and intervention are required if women college students are to have normal weights and healthy lifestyles. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) L: 526∼537, 2003)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Body mass index (BMI), body-shape perception, weight control behavior, quality of sleep, and place of residence were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex design in each groups. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 statistical package, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: When these two variables were divided into four groups, they were found to influence dieting attempts. People with abnormal weights who were dissatisfied with their body shapes attempted dieting 5.23 times more than those with healthy weights and satisfaction with their body shapes. Further, those with normal weights but dissatisfaction with their bodies attempted dieting 4.45 times more than those who were satisfied with their shapes. Subjects in their 20s attempted dieting 2.53 times more than those in their 30s and 40s, and female subjects attempted dieting 2.24 times more than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A correct perception of one's shape can be an important factor for dietary behavior, as body shape perceptions and dieting attempts are strongly related. Additionally, healthy weight management and nutrition education are important elements to incorporate into a weight control program aimed at preventing excessive weight control behaviors and promoting correct perceptions of body shape.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control attempts and related factors among 209 middle school female students in Daejeon. Variables examined were body satisfaction, beliefs regarding weight control, body image, nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitudes, dietary behavior and dietary intake. A cross-sectional survey was employed, and data was analyzed using t-test and chi-square teat (at $\alpha$=0.05). The average height, weight, and body fat (%) of subjects were 160.2cm, 52.4kg, and 25.9%, respectively. Those who attempted weight control were 61.7% of the samples, suggesting that weight control was quite popular among adolescents. Students in the weight control attempt group were more satisfied with their body size (p<0.001), and showed more distorted body image than those in the no weight control attempt group (p<0.001). Most of beliefs regarding weight control were also different in the two groups. The attempt group believed more strongly in the advantages of weight control, and believed less strongly in the harmful effects or difficulties associated with weight control. Although there were no differences in nutrition knowledge in the two groups, nutritional attitudes were slightly more favorable in the attempt group (p<0.01). In contrast, eating behaviors, such as those related to caloric intake (p<0.001), body image (p<0.001), and specific situations (p<0.01) were more desirable in the no-attempt group than in the attempt group. In addition, dietary intake of the attempt group was less adequate than that of the no-attempt group for nutrients such as iron (p<0.01), vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C(p<0.05). This study suggests that adolescents who attempt control weight have a more distorted body image and inadequate diet and showed more undesirable eating behaviors. Students should be taught and practice desirable methods of weight control. Educational programs should also include strategies for changing beliefs regarding weight control, as well as modifying diets and eating behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the body image perception by BMI and the dietary behaviors in 803 college students(408 males and 395 females). The degree of obesity was divided into an underweight group with BMI less than $18.5kg/m^2$, a normal group with BMI of $18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$, an overweight group with BMI of $23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$ and an obese group with BMI over $25.0kg/m^2$. The average ages of subjects were 22.9 years in males and 20.2 years in females. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.3 cm and 69.6 kg, respectively and those of female subjects were 162.5 cm and 52.0 kg, respectively. The average BMIs of male and female subjects were $22.6kg/m^2$ and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively. The distribution of subjects who perceived their current body image as ideal body image was 25.7% in males and 10.9% in females, showing that the body image satisfaction of male subjects was 1.5 times higher than that of female subjects. Body image perception for their own bodies was mostly shown as the average or standard shape both in males and females with 64.2% and 54.2%, respectively, but males showed a higher perception rate than females and 31.1% of females and 19.5% of males perceived their bodies as lean shape(p<0.01). The body image satisfaction was 4.20 in males and 3.70 in females, showing more satisfaction in the male subjects(p<0.001). The correlation between body image and physical variables in male subjects indicated that CBI and IBI showed statistically significant correlation and also BMI showed statistically significant correlation with IBI(p<0.001) and CBI(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as the frequency of skipping meals increased(p<0.001) and the frequency of having snacks increased as the frequency of eating out increased(p<0.01). The correlation between body image and physical variables in female subjects showed that CBI and IBI(p<0.001) had statistically significant correlation. Body weight showed statistically significant correlation with CBI(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001) and height(p<0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as height(p<0.01) and the frequency of skipping meals(p<0.001) increased. When both male and female subjects wanted leaner body shapes, they preferred much leaner shapes despite their current body images belonging in the normal range. Additionally subjects preferred the body image in the normal range in cases when their current body images were lean. In particular, more female subjects had strong desires to become leaner in their body images than male subjects, which could be analyzed as a risk factor for physical him. From the above results, it is considered that both male and female subjects need to establish proper recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and also need nutritional education and counseling for desirable weight control methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.119-130
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine differences between real somatotypes and cog-nitive somatotypes by considering the degree of satisfaction of body parts. The subjects were 250 middle-aged women from 40-54. Data was collected through anthropometry and surveys. Data was analyzed by correlation analysis anova duncan multiple range test factor analysis regression analysis crosstabulation analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Middle-aged women tend to prefer having a slim truck long and slim limbs and their hope was to be tall in height and light in weight slim at the waist and abdomen. 2. The consciousness about thickness was in-tensified more than that about length of the body. 3. The slim somatotype group were more satisfied with their body than those of obese somatotype group. 4. The average R hrer Index of middle-aged women is 1.55 and the slim somatotype group is 1.33 and the standard somatotype group is 1.53 obese somatotype group is 1.82. Age has much influence on the body change of middle-aged women. Especially 45-49 years old the slim body type declined heavily. 5. When analyzing the elements of body sat-isfaction the biggest elements are in the sub-ject of girth related to the expansion of trunk. Therefore trunk girth has more influence on body satisfaction than height and limbs. So the obession of trunk girth is the most important factor in body satisfaction. 6. Most middle-aged women although not judged to be obese by measurements believed themselves to be obese.