• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.321-335
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• 2021

미세먼지 (PM10) 및 초미세먼지 (PM2.5)는 인체에 흡수 가능하여 호흡기 질환 및 심장 질환과 같이 인체건강에 악영향을 미치며, 심각할 경우 조기 사망에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 전 세계적으로 현장관측기반의 모니터링을 수행하고 있지만 미 관측지역에 대한 대기질 분포의 공간적인 한계점이 존재하여 보다 광범위한 지역에 대한 지속적이고 정확한 모니터링이 필요한 상황이다. 위성기반 에어로졸 정보를 사용함으로써 이러한 현장 관측자료의 한계점을 극복할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 위성 및 모델자료를 활용하여 2019년도에 대해 한 시간 단위의 지상 PM10 및 PM2.5 농도를 추정하였다. GOCI 위성의 관측영역을 포함하는 동아시아 지역에 대해 트리 기반 앙상블 방법을 사용하는 Boosting 기법인 GBRTs (Gradient Boosted Regression Trees)와 LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine)을 활용하여 모델을 구축하였다. 또한, 기상변수 및 토지피복변수의 사용유무에 따른 모델의 성능을 비교하기 위해 두 가지 festure set으로 나누어 테스트하였다. 두 기법 모두 주요 변수인 AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), SSA (Single Scattering Albedo), DEM (Digital Eelevation Model), DOY (Day of Year), HOD (Hour of Day)와 기상변수 및 토지피복변수를 함께 사용한 Feature set 1을 사용하였을 때 높은 정확도를 보였다. Feature set 1에 대해 GBRT 모델이 LightGBM에 비해서약 10%의 정확도 향상을 보였다. 가장 정확도가 높았던 기상 및 지표면 변수를 포함한 Feature set1을 사용한 GBRT기반 모델을 최종모델로 선정하였으며 (PM10: R2 = 0.82 nRMSE = 34.9%, PM2.5: R2 = 0.75 nRMSE = 35.6%), 계절별 및 연평균 PM10 및 PM2.5 농도에 대한 공간적인 분포를 확인해본 결과, 현장관측자료와 비슷한 공간 분포를 보였으며, 국가별 농도 분포와 계절에 따른 시계열 농도 패턴을 잘 모의하였다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the thermal environment status of nursery rooms in workplace daycare centers in Jeju and propose measures to improve their indoor physical thermal environment. For this purpose, measurements were performed in the winter indoor physical environment of 51 nursery rooms in 11 workplace daycare centers and a psychological evaluation survey on the thermal environment of nursery rooms was conducted for 70 nursery teachers. The investigation was carried out over 11 days in January 2017. The results are as follow. The average indoor temperature of the nursery rooms was $21.3^{\circ}C$($18.7-23.8^{\circ}C$) and the indoor temperatures of 47 nursery rooms (92.9%) were higher than the environmental hygiene management standard for domestic school facilities ($18-20^{\circ}C$). The average relative humidity was 33.9% (16.4-56.0%), and 37 nursery rooms (86.3%) showed a lower average relative humidity than the standard (40-70%). The average absolute humidity was $9.1g/m^3$ ($4.7-13.6g/m^3$), which was lower than the standard for preventing influenza ($10g/m^3$). When the indoor temperature and humidity of the nursery rooms were compared with international standards, it was found that 85% or more of the 51 nursery rooms maintained appropriate indoor temperatures, but 40-50% of the nursery rooms maintained a low humidity condition. Therefore, they need to pay attention to maintaining the appropriate humidity of the nursery room to keep the children healthy. The average indoor temperature of the nursery rooms showed a weak negative correlation with the average relative humidity. The indoor temperature had a significant effect on the relative humidity: a higher indoor temperature resulted in lower relative humidity. Regarding the fluctuations in the average indoor temperature of the nursery rooms during the day, in daycare centers that used floor heating, the indoor temperature gradually increased form the morning to the afternoon and tended to decrease during lunch time and the morning and afternoon snack times, due to ventilation. The daycare centers that used both floor heating and ceiling-type air conditioners showed a higher indoor temperature and greater fluctuations in temperature compared to the daycare centers that used floor heating only. In the survey results, the average value of the whole body thermal sensation was 3.0 (neutral): 32 respondents (62.7%) answered, "Neutral", Which was the largest number, followed by 21 respondents (30%) who answered, "Slightly hot" and 17 respondents (24.2%) who answered, "Slightly cold." Twenty-nine respondents answered, "Slightly dry," which was the largest number, followed by 28 respondents (54.9%) who answered, "Neutral" and 10 respondents (19.6%) who answered, "Dry." The total number of respondents who answered, "Slightly dry" or "Dry" was large at 39 (56.4%), which suggests the need for indoor environment management to prevent a low-humidity environment. To summarize the above results about the thermal environment of nursery rooms, as the indoor temperature increased, the relative humidity decreased. This suggests the effect of room temperature on the indoor relative humidity; however, frequent ventilations also greatly decrease the relative humidity. Therefore, the ventilation method and the usage of air conditioning systems need to be re-examined.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.220-237
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• 2021

1880년대에 들어서서 해양 식물플랑크톤의 기능적 중요성이 처음 주창된 이래, 전통적인 형태 관찰법 및 진보된 형태 자동분석 기술을 기반으로 하여 다량의 식물플랑크톤 종별 정량자료가 생산되었다. 최근에는 해수시료 중의 색소를 직접 분석하거나 원격탐사 자료를 해석하여 색소특성에 따른 분류군별 정량자료를 생산함으로써, 자료생산 방법이 점점 다양해지고 자료 확보 대상 정점에 대한 시공간적 접근성도 크게 개선되고 있다. 장기적인 해양생태계 모니터링에서 식물플랑크톤의 종별 정량자료가 생산된 경우도 적지 않아, 각각의 해역에서 중장기적인 해양 식물플랑크톤의 구조와 기능의 변동에 대한 중요한 증거로 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 모니터링 기간 전체에 걸친 연대별 자료 생산자 간의 차이로 인해 이러한 자료의 활용성이 제한될 수 있는데, 시료 처리 및 분석법, 종의 확인 및 분류, 분석이 완료된 시료의 관리 등의 다양한 측면에서 연대별 생산자 간의 편차가 적지 않다. 해양 식물플랑크톤의 종별 정량자료 값을 정확하게 구하기 위한 심도있는 연구는 1880년대 후반 Victor Hensen이 시작한 것으로 평가된다. 정확도를 포함한 해양 식물플랑크톤 자료의 정도 관리에 관한 국제적인 논의는 ICSU의 SCOR Working Group 33을 중심으로 1969년에 시작되었다. 첫 결실로 UNESCO 해양과학기술보고서 제18편이 1974년 출판되었는데, 이는 UNESCO의 해양학 방법론의 전문연구서적 제6편인 Phytoplankton Manual 출판의 실마리였다. 1990년대 말에는 ISO 기준에 따른 해양 식물플랑크톤 종별 정량자료의 정도관리를 달성하여, 국제적인 자료의 상호비교 및 교정을 가능하게 하려는 수행기구인 IPI (International Phytoplankton Intercomparison)의 전신인 BEQUALM 사업이 유럽에서 본격 출범하였다. IPI는 지난 20여 년간의 경험과 실적을 바탕으로 정도관리 기준을 모든 나라에서 적용할 수 있도록 국제협력을 강화해 나가고 있다. 우리나라의 해양화학 분야 측정자료의 정도관리 체계와 내용이 잘 정립된 데 비하여, 해양생물의 종별 정량자료에 대한 본격적인 정도관리 체계는 아직 법제화 단계에 이르지 못하고 있다. 우선, 해양생태계의 기초 생산자인 식물플랑크톤의 종별 정량자료에 대한 정도관리 체계를 확립하고, 다양한 기능생물군으로 이를 확장해 나갈 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.510-522
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사 제7기 (2016-2018년) 자료를 활용하여 가구 유형에 따른 빈혈 유병률과 식이 섭취와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 빈혈 유병률은 남성 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 높았으며, 여성은 다인 가구가 1인 가구보다 높았다. 식품 섭취량은 남성 1인 가구는 다인 가구보다 총 식품 섭취량, 견과류, 채소류, 과일류, 생선류, 해조류의 섭취량이 낮았으며, 우유류, 유지류, 가공식품 섭취량이 높았다. 또한 남성 1인 가구는 다인 가구보다 식물성 식품을 통한 철 섭취량이 적었으며, 철의 영양섭취량과 영양 밀도, 영양소섭취기준 RNI 대비 섭취비율이 낮았고, 75% RNI 미만 섭취비율과 EAR 미만 섭취비율이 더 높았다. 여성 1인 가구는 다인 가구보다 해조류의 섭취량이 적었고, 우유류의 섭취량이 많았다. 남성과 여성 모두 KHEI 총점은 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 낮았다. 교란인자를 보정하여 가구 유형과 빈혈 위험도의 관계를 분석하였을 때에는 남성 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 빈혈 위험도가 높았으나, 여성은 관련을 보이지 않았다. 또한, 남성과 여성 모두 총 KHEI 점수와 가구 유형별 빈혈 위험도는 관련성이 없었다. 결론적으로, 우리나라의 1인 가구와 빈혈 유병율이 증가하는 가운데, 남성 1인 가구가 다인 가구보다 식이 요인으로 인한 빈혈 위험이 더 높음이 확인되었기에, 남성 1인 가구에서의 빈혈 예방 및 관리를 위한 식사지침이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

소형선박에서 운영이 가능한 연안용 benthic chamber(BelcI)를 개발했다. 운영상에 유연성이 큰 BelcI는 연안 저층 경계면 연구에 폭넓게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. BelcI는 몸체, 자동채수기, 교반기 및 전자제어부로 구성된다. 운영상에 유연성을 극대화하기 위해 몸체는 사각 셀 단위의 2단 구조로 설계했다. 센서신호의 증폭, 교반기 및 채수장치 제어회로를 초 전력 소모 회로로 구성하여 외부 전원장치를 제거했다. PIV(particle image velocimetry)기법으로 측정한 chamber 내부의 유체유통은 전형적인 radial-flow impeller의 특성을 나타냈다. chamber내 물의 혼합 시간은 약 30초로 추정되었으며, 바닥면에서 shear velocity($u^*$)는 약 $0.32\;cm\;s^{-1}$였다. 산경계층(DBL) 두께는 약 $180{\sim}230\;{\mu}m$였다. 현장에서 측정한 산소소모율은 약 $84\;mmol\;O_2\;m^{-2}\;d_{-1}$로 선상배양결과 보다 2배 이상 컸다. 저층 영양염 플럭스는 "질산+아질산"이 $0.18\;{\pm}\;0.07\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 암모니움이 $2.3\;{\pm}\;0.5\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 인산인이 $0.09\;{\pm}\;0.02\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$, 규산규소가 $23\;{\pm}\;1\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;d^{-1}$로 추정되 었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

본 연구는 New Zealand White 수토끼에서 춘기발동 기간 동안에 혈청내 IGF-I(insulin-like growth factor-I)과 GH(growth hormone) 수준의 변화, 정자 형성에 따른 정소내 세포 구성 변화 및 이들 측정치들 간에 관계를 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 주령과 관련된 정소내 세포의 DNA 함량 변화 조사를 위하여 $10\~28$주령 수토끼 정소 조직의 fine-needle biopsy를 flow cytometry(FCM)로 분석하였다. 생체중은 $12\~20$주령 때 크게 증가되었고(P<0.05), 28주령 체중은 3.4kg이었다. 혈청 IGF-I 수준(451.3ng/mL)은 20주령에서 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), 그 후 낮은 수준으로 유지되었다. 혈청 GH 수준은 183.3pg/mL으로 다른 주령 때보다 현저히 높았으며(P<0.05), 상승시기가 IGF-I보다는 다소 빨랐다. 정소 조직세포 중 1C-세포의 상대적 비율은 18주령 때 $48.2\%$로 16주령보다 크게 상승되었고(P<0.05), 주령 증가와 더불어 $68\%$로 증가되었다. 2C-세포 비율은 18주령 때 $26.8\%$로 16주령의 $54.3\%$보다 현저히 낮았다(P<0.05). 4C-세포 비율은 18주령 때 $9.9\%$를 제외하고 $2\~6\%$를 유지하였다. 이상 결과에서 토끼는 춘기 발동 개시가 약 18주령에 일어나고 이 기간 중 IGF-I과 GH 수준의 변화가 나이 또는 체성장과 관계가 있었으며 그 영향이 정자 형성과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Fine-needle biopsy와 연계된 FCM은 춘기 발동 개시와 관련된 정자의 형성 과정을 평가하는데 매우 정확한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 평균 CK-MB치는 $17.4\pm29.7\;IU/L$였다. 전체적인 이식편의 개통률은 $99.1\%\;(214/216)$(좌내유동맥 $100\%$, 요골동맥. $98.4\%$, 우내유동맥: $100\%$)를 보였다. 결론: 다중 복합 Y 동맥 이식편을 이용한 완전 동맥 무인공 심폐 바이패스 관상동맥우회술을 기술적인 문제점 없이 시행할 수 있었으며, 우수한 초기 임상 결과와 개통률을 보였다. 저자들은 특히 심장의 둔각 모서리 부위의 우회술시에 기존의 연쇄 문합에 비해 기술적으로 더 용이하며 복잡한 관상동맥우회술이 필요한 환자에게도 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.보존하는 일에 등한시하여 왔다. 이 때문에 우리 민족 고유의 뿌리를 점차 잃어가고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 도시노점상을 정리하기 위한 목적으로 정부에서 도시 5일장을 개장한 것은 역사의 아이러니라 아니할 수 없다. 이렇게 정부주도로 개장된 5일장이 운영되어 온 지 2년이 되어가고 있다. 개장 초기에는 시에서의 지원도 적극적이고 소비자들의 호응도 좋았으나, 최근에 들어 활성화의 속도가 둔화되면서 도시 5일장의 개념을 재정립할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 정부의 주도로 시작된 5일장이므로 정부의 적극적인 추진하에 풍물시장 번영회와 활성화 방안을 모색해야 한다. 쌍다리 풍물시장의 5일장을 활성화하기 위하여 도시 5일장의 개념을 ${\ulcorner}$국민들의 생활수준이 향상되고 여가를 즐길 수 있는 여건이 형성되고 있으므로 전통문화(향토문화)를 유지하고 시민들의 정서함양에 기여할 수 있는 여가공간 조성${\lrcorner}$으로 규정해야 한다. 이러한 개념 하에 5일장의 주체를 명확히 하기 위해 시청 지역경제과를 중심으로 지자제의 실시에 발맞춰 지역특색에 맞게 5일장을 활성화하기 위한 전학을 수립해야 한다

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2008

PET/CT 검사의 사용 초기에 CT는 주로 감쇠보정(Attenuation Correction: AC)의 목적으로 사용되어졌지만, CT의 성능이 향상됨으로써 조영제를 이용한 CT검사를 진단에 반영하여 보다 진보된 진단적 가치를 가질 수 있게 되었다. 조영제의 사용이 없이도 CT를 판독할 수 있지만 병변의 정확한 범위를 확인하고 정상 구조물을 구별하는데 있어서 조영제의 사용은 판독자로 하여금 판독을 매우 용이하게 하는 도움을 줄 수 있다. 하지만, 그동안 PET/CT검사 시 조영제가 감쇠보정에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 논쟁으로 이견이 많았다. 40-140 keV 정도의 낮은 엑스선을 이용하는 CT영상에 비하여, 조영제를 사용한 CT영상에서는 조영제로 인해 감쇠가 많이 되지만 511 keV의 에너지를 가진 감마선은 조영제로 인해 거의 영향을 받지 않게 되고 이로 인해 감쇠보정 시 과보정을 하게 되어 PET영상에서 오류를 나타낼 수 있다는 의견이 보고되기도 하였다. 이와는 반대로 조영제가 감쇠보정에 과대평가를 가져올 수 있다는 의견과 과보정으로 인한 표준화섭취계수에 변화의 가능성은 있으나 결정적인 영향을 미치지 않는다는 의견도 제시되었다. 본 연구에서는 조영제의 영향이 SUV에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해서만 비교 평가하였다. 2007년 12월에서 2008년 6월 사이에 본원에서 PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 중 요오드 조영제에 대한 부작용이 없고 당뇨병이 없는 진행성 암 환자 30명을 대상으로 하였으며, DSTe (General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, MI, USA)를 사용하여, 각각의 환자는 조영제를 사용하지 않은 CT를 시행한 후 PET영상을 얻었고 그 후, 조영제를 사용한 CT검사를 하였다. 각각의 CT정보로 감쇠보정을 실시, 종류별로 PET영상을 획득하여, 각 영상에 동일한 관심영역(Region of Interests : ROIs)을 설정 후, SUV를 비교 하였다. 얻어진 두 가지 결과 값의 정량 분석의 비교를 위해서 대응표본 T-검정 (Paired t-test)을 사용하였다. 검사를 시행한 30명의 환자에게서 폐, 간, 심장의 $SUV_{max}$ 값과 $SUV_{mean}$값을 측정하여 총 180개 영역을 분석하였다. 조영제를 사용하기 전과 후를 비교하였을 때, 측정한 거의 모든 영역에서 조영 후의 $SUV_{max}$와 $SUV_{mean}$가 상승하였고 통계적으로도 유의한 것으로 나타났다(p value<0.05). 심장 영역에서 조영 전 보다 조영 후의 $SUV_{mean}$값이 증가된 것으로 나타났지만, 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지는 않았다. 조영제를 사용한 CT영상의 SUV값이 과보정되어, 조영제를 사용하지 않은 CT의 SUV 보다 높게 나왔으나 기존의 보고된 논문에서는 이와 같은 결과는 실제 임상 판독에 있어서 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다고 보고되어 있다. 그러나 원발성병변의 진행을 알아보는 과정에서는 SUV의 작은 변동도 분명 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 간 영역과 같이 SUV의 변동이 다른 영역에 비해 상대적으로 큰 영역에서는 수치의 변화에 대한 주의가 요구 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.60-74
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• 2018

본 연구는 폭염 시 동-서향 가로의 북측 보도($N35^{\circ}10.73{\sim}10.75^{\prime}$, $E128^{\circ}55.90-58.00^{\prime}$, 표고: 50m)에서 기상측정장비, 순복사계, 반사구와 열화상카메라를 이용한 실측을 통해 가로수와 쉘터에 의한 차양이 인체가 체감하는 열환경에 주는 영향을 MRT, L-MRT, UTCI, 바닥면, 벽면, 천개면의 구성요소별 방사온도로 평가하였다. 이를 위해 1 및 2열 가로수와 생울타리, 쉘터와 어-닝, 햇빛 노출지에 대한 열환경을 측정하였다. 9일간 오전 10시부터 오후 4시까지의 선 자세의 인체가 흡수한 매 1분 간격 인체-생기상학적 자료 그리고 1일간 오후 1시 16분부터 35분까지 보도 구성요소의 방사온도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가로수와 쉘터에 의한 차양은 여름철 낮 동안 UTCI를 감소시킴으로써 열스트레스를 완화하였는데, 햇빛 노출지에 비해 1 가로수와 생울타리는 0.4단계~0.5단계, 2열 가로수와 생울타리는 0.5단계~0.8단계, 쉘터와 어-닝은 0.3단계~1.0단계로 낮추어 주었다. 하지만 폭염 시에는 가로수와 쉘터 하부의 열환경도 이용자들에게 대부분의 시간대에 "매우 강한 열스트레스"를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 햇빛에 노출된 보도 상의 열환경은 "매우 강한 열스트레스" 또는 "극심한 열스트레스"를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 체온 $37^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 한 보도 구성요소의 열스트레스 부하온도는 포장면 $7.4^{\circ}C{\sim}21.4^{\circ}C$, 도로면 $14.7^{\circ}C{\sim}15.8^{\circ}C$, 쉘터의 캐노피 $12.7^{\circ}C$, 어-닝 $8.6^{\circ}C$, 가로시설물 $7.0^{\circ}C$, 건물벽면 $3.5^{\circ}C{\sim}6.4^{\circ}C$ 순으로 나타났다. 열스트레스 부하율은 포장면 34.9%~81.0%, 도로면 9.6%~25.2%, 쉘터의 캐노피 24.8%, 건물벽면 14.1%~15.4%, 어-닝 7.0%, 가로시설물 5.7% 순으로 나타났다. 보도에서 보행자의 열적 쾌적성을 개선하기 위해서는 차양을 통해 포장면 및 도로면 그리고 건물벽면의 방사온도를 낮추는 것이 가장 효율적이며, 이를 위해서는 최소한의 정지와 전정을 통해 가로수의 수관투영면적과 LAI를 높여야 하며, 도로변에 지엽이 치밀한 생울타리를 조성하는 것은 필수적이다. 그리고 쉘터나 어-닝의 표면온도를 낮추기 위해서 서멀 라이너, 고반사 재료, 식생 녹화 등의 대책을 강구할 필요가 있다. 아울러 건물벽면에 재귀반사 재료를 사용함으로써 반사광을 제어하여야 하며, 적극적으로는 보도 포장 표면온도를 낮추기 위해 보도 포장면에 물을 뿌리는 것이 효율적이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.