• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.533-539
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• 1999

The effects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, on body fat gain, balance serum lipid values were investigated in rats fed a high-fat(30%) diet. Administration of capsaicin by dietary administration caused a complete cessation of increased in body weight and fat gain induced by the high-fat diet. However, energy intake and body protein gain were not affected by capsaicin. Therefore, the suppression of body fat gain by capsaicn was believed due to an increased in energy expenditure. Simultaneous administration of capsaicin and a $\beta$-adrenergic blocker, propranolo, resulted in the inhibition of changes in body fat gain by capsaicin without remained unchanged, indicating an increase in the number of mitochondria in brown adipose tissue. Therefore, it appears that capsaicin possesses potent body fat suppressive effects mediated by $\beta$-adrenergic stimulation in which brown adipose tissue may be involved. On the other hand, capsaicin had no effects on serum triglyceride, total cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol levels. These results are in contrast to those reported by other investigators. Perhaps expression of the effects of capsaicin on plasma lipids is a rather complicated process, dependent on the type of diet administered, fat content of the diet, period and route of capsaicin administration, and species and strain of animals used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.706-709
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• 2003

Chromium (Cr) plays an important role in body composition. Several human and animal studies of Cr supplementation have reported increases in lean body mass, often with concurrent decreases in body fat. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of supplemental Cr as chromium methionine (CrMet) on obesity index, body fat and serum lipids in rats. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of nine rats. Rats received a AIN-76 semipetrified basal diet or high fat diet supplemented with 300 ppb CrCl$_3$and CrMet as well as no added dietary Cr (referred to as Control, HF, HFCr, and HFCrMet). After 6 weeks on the respective diets, animals were killed and analyzed for differences in serum lipid concentrations. Rats supplemented with CrMet had a slightly higher naso-anal length and final body weight was decreased. The lowest obesity index and body fat content were found in CrMet supplemented animals (p〈0,05). Supplemental CrMet decreased the total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol. The significant differences observed were total cholesterol concentration for CrMet supplementation. These indicate that supplemental Cr, as chromium methionine, resulted in a significant decrease of obesity index and body fat and influence serum lipid concentrations, possibly by decreasing the body fat.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.554-559
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in body composition and blood lipids and to analyze the effects of Danhak exercise for 3 months in older women. For this study, 35 female subjects 60 to 70 years of age were recruited and administered 90 min of Danhak exercise, five times per week for three months by a professional coach. The results of this study were as follows: At baseline, the mean BMI(body mass index) and body fat(%) were 23.9 kg/$(m)^2$ and 32.4$\pm$4.9(%), respectively. The mean WHR(waist-hip ratio) was 0.91$\pm$0.04 and all subjects were determined to be abdominally obese. A significantly lower body fat was observed after 3 months of Danhak exercise(p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in BMI, WHR or body weight before and after exercise. Danhak exercise also resulted in a decrease in total cholesterol and an increase in HDL(high density lipoprotein, and these differences were significant. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the effects of Danhak exercise were similar to those of aerobic exercise with respect to improve body fat(%) and blood lipid profiles, which suggests that Danhak is a profitable exercise for individuals aged 60 and over.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2018

This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic effects of the medicinal mushroom Phellinus pini. The methanol extract (ME) of the fruiting body of Ph. pini was active against pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase with 99.14% and 67.23% inhibited activity at 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. It also inhibited 81.81% and 55.33% of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase activities, respectively, at 2.0 mg/mL. Hyperlipidemia as induced by feeding rats with a high fat and cholesterol diet (HFC). HFC supplemented with a 5% fruiting body powder of Ph. pini (HFC + PhP) significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in rats compared with HFC. The reduced levels were comparable to rats fed the normal control diet (NC). The atherogenic index of HFC + PhP rats was significantly lower than that of the HFC rats. The excretion of fecal total lipid and cholesterol in the HFC + PhP rats was significantly higher than those in the NC and HFC rats. Histopathological examinations demonstrated scant deposition of lipids in the liver of rats fed HFC + PhP. The dietary supplementation with the fruiting body powder provided natural plasma lipid and glucose lowering effects in experimental rats without adverse effects on the plasma biochemical parameters and liver function related enzyme activities. Therefore, the hypolipidemic effects of Ph. pini may be due to the inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and ${\alpha}$-amylase, and excretion of excess lipids and cholesterol in the feces.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate seasonal changes in body composition in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris in Korea. B. pectinirostris collected in Gangjin, Jeonnam, consisted of 58.7-75.8% moisture content, 16.1-17.6% protein, 0.8-3.4% crude lipids, and 1.3-3.6% crude ash. Livers consisted of 15-17% moisture content, 14.0-16.8% crude protein, 34.4-71.2% crude lipids, and 0.5-1.2% crude ash. Calcium, iron, potassium, etc., content in B. pectinirostris muscle averaged 267.5-599.8 mg/100 g, 1.98-28.3 mg, 160.7-327.9 mg, 20.6-60.2 mg, 0.4-2.2 mg, 0.23-0.46 mg, 66.5-192.9 mg, and 1.32-3.8 mg, respectively. (Please clarify: the list of measured values must correspond directly with what was measured, not just "etc.") The major amino acids in B. pectinirostris muscle, in proportional order, were glutamic acid, isoleucine, and leucine; whereas the major amino acids in the liver were glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, and leucine. The major saturated fatty acids in the muscle were palmitic acid (15-19%) and stearic acid (8-11%). The major monoenes and polyenes were palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), and EPA and DHA, respectively. The major saturated fatty acids and polyenes in the liver were the same as in muscle, but the monoenes were palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and cis-10-hepta-decenoic acid (C17:1). Seasonal changes in B. pectinirostris body composition may be attributable to differential accumulation of fat and nutrients in comparison to the spawning and hibernation period.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the effect on the weight control of the REBT group program as a nursing intervention. For this purpose, non-equivalent control group design with pretest and posttest and follow-up test as quasi-experiment was used. Subjects of the study were consisted of twenty-four obese girls (Experimental group: 10, control group: 14) who appeared to having above 20％ of the body mass index from ane high school in M city. The whole program was carried out from January to June, 2000. Used dependent variables for evaluating the effect of the REBT group program including were weight control belief(rational thinking, emotion about exercise, eating self-efficacy, eating behavior), body mass index and serum lipids(total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein). For evaluating the effect of the program, dependent variables was analyzed by experimental stages three times; the first week, the fourth week, and the eighth week since the experimental input began. Data were analyzed by the SAS PC＋ program with t-test, repeated measure ANOVA to determine the effect of program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. After the REBT group program, only eating self-efficacy among the weight control belief of experimental group was significantly increased than that of control group. 2. After the REBT group program, body mass index of experiment group was significantly decreased than that of control group. 3. After the REBT group program, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein among the serum lipids in the experiment group were significantly decreased than those of control group.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chloroform(CHC1$_3$) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum All. Braun et Bouche(Ac) with selenium(Se) on the plasma glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The normal and diabetic rats were separated into four groups: the STZ-control group, the Ac group, the Ac-Se group and the Se group. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by an injection of STZ into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg. The CHCl$_3$fraction of Ac(250 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days. The supplementation was achieved with the AIN-93 recommended diet by adding 2 mg/kg diet of selenium as Na$_2$SeO$_3$. which was prepared freshly everyday. The body weight, hematocrit(Hct), glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acids(FFA) concentrations in plasma were measured. The aminotransferase activities were also analyzed. The changes of body weight in the experimental groups were not significantly different from that of the STZ-control group, but diabetes hyperphagia accompanied changes with body weight loss in Ac-Se group. The levels of Plasma cholesterol were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The concentrations of FFA in the Ac-Se group increased significantly compared with the STZ-control group. The effect of Se alone significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase activity and alanine aminotransferase activity. The results showed that the treatment of CHCl$_3$fraction of Ac in combination with Se has no synergistic effect. There was a tendency for the plasma glucose levels to decrease when Se was administered into diabetic rats. Supplementation of Se in diabetic rats did not elicit a significant increase in plasma insulin levels and exhibited hypotriglyceridemic effect.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.613-626
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of dance sport participation on body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in obese middle aged women, by analyzing the current literature(2005-2015). The data from 9 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, and Comprehensive Meta Analysis(CMA) Version 2.0 was used for statistical analysis. A total of 197 middle aged women(intervention group: n=98, control group: n=99) were included in this analysis. An average duration of the dance sports intervention was 12.2 weeks, 3.13 session per week and 75 minutes per session. Significant reduction in body weight, body fat percent, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein LDL-Cholesterol and leptin were observed while significant increase in high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol was observed after the intervention. There were large effect size in percent body fat, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol while medium and small effect size were observed for triglyceride and body weight, leptin, insulin and glucose, respectively. In conclusion, dance sport participation resulted in positive changes in body composition and cardiometabolic parameter in middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and blood lipids of middle-aged women according to the obesity index by %Fat. Subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on percentage of body fat (%Fat): normal weight (18% ~ < 28%), overweight (28% ~ < 33%) and obesity (over 33%). Nutrient intakes were evaluated based on questionnaires of 24 hours recall method and blood lipids were analyzed by blood analyzer. The results were as follows. 1) Nutrient intakes were that carbohydrates and fat intakes in obesity group were higher than normal and overweight group but the difference was not significant, and protein intake rate was similar all groups. The intake rate of calcium was higher in normal group than obesity group (p < 0.05), and obesity group ingested under dietary reference intakes. The intake rate of iron was higher in obesity group than normal group (p < 0.05). 2) TG, TC, VLDL and TC/HDL in obesity group were higher than normal group (p < 0.001). The attack rate of coronary heart disease in obesity group is higher than normal group (p < 0.01), LDL, blood glucose and blood pressure in obesity group were higher than normal group (p < 0.01), and HDL was a little higher in normal group than obesity group, but the difference was not significant. 3) The correlation of anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, blood lipid, and blood pressure had significant results. Weight was associated positive level with blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure. Waist and WHR were associated positive level with blood glucose and blood lipid but weren't associated with blood pressure. BMI was associated positive level with blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure, %Fat was associated positive level with blood lipid and blood pressure, but wasn't associated with blood glucose. These results suggest that the decrease of waist on blood glucose control is better than decrease of % Fat and BMI, the decrease of %Fat and BMI on blood pressure control is better than decrease of waist, and the decrease of %Fat on blood lipid control is better than waist and BMI. The nutritional education for obesity treatment must perform to analyze the blood and assess the obesity degree by %Fat, waist and BMI before nutritional education, so the obesity treatment will be effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.550-559
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a 12 week aerobic resistance training circuit program on the health-related fitness, blood lipids, and cortisol in obese postmenopausal women. The subjects for the study were twenty obese postmenopausal women composed of the exercise group (n=10) and "no exercise" control group (n=10). The aerobic resistance training circuit program was conducted for 70 minutes 3 times a week for 12 weeks, in which the aerobic exercise consisted of 5 items each composed of 5 sets of aerobic exercise at 50-70% HRmax intensity for 1 minute for a total of 25 minutes and the resistance exercise consisted of 8 items conducted for a total of 25 minutes at 40-60% intensity of 1RM). In the exercise group, the body weight and BMI significantly decreased and the 20m shuttle run, sit-ups and sitting trunk flexion significantly increased. In the exercise group, the TC, LDL-C, and TG significantly decreased. Also, it was noted that the HDL-C was slightly higher in the exercise group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The cortisol levels of the exercise group and control group at baseline were similar. However, after the aerobic resistance training circuit program, the exercise group had a significantly higher cortisol level than the control group. Therefore, regular and continuous aerobic resistance training was effective in improving the body composition, blood lipids and health-related fitness.