• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2007

This study analyzes characterization and classification of body types of Mongolian women. 100 adult subjects within the 20 to 49 age group were studied. The physical measurements of the research subjects come up to a total of 50 items. Data was statistically analyzed with SPSS program using basic statistics, t-test, one-way ANOV A, Duncan-test, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The conclusions are as follows. In the result of factors analysis in physical measurements of Mongolian women, 7 factors such as on the obesity of body, the vertical size of body, hip length, the bust from back length, the bust from front length, the ankle size and the shoulder size were extracted. The accumulated contributory rate of these was 70.7%. The cluster analysis for the comparison of the body types, by categorizing the body types produced three types. Mongolian women were grouped as those with the short stature and light weight, the medium stature and heavy weight, the tall stature and medium weight. The comparison of 50 items in physical measurements between Korean women and Mongolian women resulted in the differences in 39 items. While the height items including stature between them showed negligible differences, most of the length items relating to breadth, circumference, depth and obesity showed differences, which were big.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2004

In this study, by determining lower limb movements which cause significant changes in body surface lines, body parts with the greatest maximum expansion and contraction rate respectively were illustrated in descending order. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Movements which cause measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. Among average expansion and contraction rates in such movements, maximum average expansion and contraction levels, maximum average expansion and contraction rate, and classes of expansion and contraction rate were determined per body part. The results of this study are as follows. First, 5 lower limb movements; F2, F5, F6, F7, F8, which caused significant changes in body surface lines were determined and illustrated in table 4. Second, the levels, rates, and classes of expansion and contraction rate per body part are illustrated in Tables 5 and 6. Body parts with the greatest maximum expansion rate were, in descending order: upper segment of center back leg line, upper segment of inner leg line, middle segment of center front leg line, posterior crotch length, anterior knee girth, anterior thigh girth, center back leg line, girth at crotch height, anterior midway thigh girth, hip girth, anterior crotch length, knee girth, waist girth, inner leg line, thigh girth, and crotch length. Those with the greatest maximum contraction rate were, in descending order: anterior crotch length, upper segment of center front leg line, lower segment of center back leg line, center front leg line, and posterior thigh girth. The maximum expansion rates and maximum contraction rates, which ranged from 2.05 to $35.95\%$ and from -0.20 to $-30.16\%$ respectively, were classified per body part into 4 ABCD classes. The body part with maximum expansion was the upper segment of the center back leg line at vertical body surface line, expanding by $35.95\%$ or 16.03cm in F5 flexion movement. In contrast, the body part with maximum contraction was the anterior crotch length at vertical body surface line, contracting by $-30.16\%$ or -10.54cm in F5 flexion movement. Both, however, were the body parts to expand or contract the most among all horizontal and vertical body surface lines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.311-323
• /
• 2012

This study establishes the initial data to develop a well-fitted underwear pattern by categorizing and analyzing torso types based on body measurements of women in their 50s and 60s. The results are as follows: First, the statistical assessment on the body measurements showed meaningful differences among age groups in twenty seven items (except for bust breadth, hip width armscye depth, hip depth, neck base circumference, armscye circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference, bishoulder length, shoulder length, front interscye, back interscye, weight and inclined angle of left shoulder). Women in their early 50s and late 60s (respectively) showed the highest values in height and depth. Second, there are five body factors according to the results of the factor analysis: Factor 1 (circumference, width, and depth of upper body measurements) - the degree of body depth and obesity, Factor 2 (height and vertical length) - The vertical torso length, Factor 3 - the size of shoulder, Factor 4 - the vertical upper body length, and Factor 5 - the size of shoulder angle. Third, the results of the cluster analysis showed that there are four distinctive body types. The largest number of the study subjects was related to Type 3 (30.69%), followed by Type 2 (26.78%), Type 1 (25.84%), and Type 4 (16.69%), respectively. For distribution of age groups by body type, Type 3 was the most common among the 60s group while Type 2 appeared most frequently among the 50s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.2 s.161
• /
• pp.308-318
• /
• 2007

This study aims to survey the satisfaction level with the fit of ready-made suits(jackets and pants) among adult males and thereby to show its differences by the age group and body type. The respondents to the questionnaire survey were 465 males, aged 20 through 59 years. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The average satisfaction level for the fit of each item ranged from 2.65 to 3.57, with the higher level found in jackets than in pants, and also in circumference parts than in length parts 2. The satisfaction level for the fit by the age of adult males showed inter-group differences in the parts of jacket length, sleeve length, shoulder width, sleeve openings, and sleeve band width for jackets; and pant length of pants. 3. The satisfaction level for the fit by the body type of adult males indicated into-group differences in chest circumference of jackets only. 4. The satisfaction level for the fit, with the exclusion of the age and body type relationship showed that adult males are affected more by the age than by the body type. 5. In the repair frequency by the item, pants(45.6%) showed a higher level than jackets(24.7%). The parts with a high repair level by the item were jacket length(8.4%) and steeve length(19.8%) for jackets; and pant length(42.4%) and waist circumference(8.4%) for pants.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.116-129
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to research on changes of body surface according to golf movements in designs of golf slacks pattern and reflect it to designs of golf slacks pattern to enhance adaptability. For the first stage of this study, length of body surface was analyzed by using 3D body shape. In second stage, analysis of wearing test of golf slacks is performed to extract major pattern design factor of golf slacks and then research patterns were designed. In third stage, 4 differently designed 1st, 2nd slacks were used for analysis of 3D Clothing air volume. The results of this research is as follow. The variation rate of body surface length according to golf swing posture resulted the longest on back swing posture and follow through posture. Waist circumference-omphalion, thigh and ankle circumference increased more than 10% of body surface during golf swing. Front waist circumference-omphalion, right waist to hip length, left waist to hip length and right back center length were decreased more than 10%. As a result of analysis on measurements of 1st slacks pattern design, waist front center getting in values, waist front center going down value, front hip width, and front crotch extension had similar industrial pattern design. Back center line angle, back crotch extension, and knee center point~back waist center point had significant differences. The designs and ease proposed for golf slacks pattern in this study are waist circumference 75.5 cm(1.8 cm, 2.38%), hip circumference 95 cm(2 cm, 2.11%), crotch length(front: -0.8 cm, -1.25%; rear: -1.8 cm, -2.83%), slacks length 96c m, gradient of C.B.L $10^{\circ}$, crotch extension (back 9.2~10.4 cm, front 3.2 cm).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.141-158
• /
• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of KyungOcGogamibang(KOGE) on the growth of rats. Methods First of all, we divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(KOGE1, KOGE2, KOGE3 and control group). Then KOGE1, KOGE2 and KOGE3 groups were administered with KOGE water extracts once a day at a dosage of 250, 500, 1,000mg/kg respectively for 3 weeks. The control group was administered with normal saline in the same manner. We measured the rat's body weight, amount of body weight increased, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGF-Ⅰ, serum TSH and serum testosterone after each week of administration. Results 1. There were significant changes of the rat's body weight, the length of the femur, the level of GH, IGF-Ⅰand TSH in KOGE1 groups. 2. There were significant changes of the rat's body weight, the length of the femur, the level of IGF-Ⅰand TSH in KOGE2 groups. 3. There were significant changes of the rat's body weight, the length of the femur, the level of IGF-Ⅰand TSH in KOGE3 groups. Conclusions According to the results above, rat in KOGE group have been increased their body weight, length of femur, serum GH, serum IGF-1 compared to the control group. This study shows that groups of KOGE have an effect on promoting the growth, thus it is expected to treat growth problems for children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.458-465
• /
• 2010

Hundreds of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, migrate from Sakhalin and the northern Kuril Islands to Hokkaido every winter. During this migration, they may use their roaring sounds to navigate and to maintain their groups. We recorded the roars of wild Steller sea lions that had landed on reefs on the west coast of Hokkaido, and those of captive sea lions, while making video recordings. A total of 300 roars of wild sea lions and 870 roars of captive sea lions were sampled. The fundamental frequency ($F_0$), formant frequency ($F_1$), pulse repetition rate (PRR), and duration of syllables (T) were analyzed using a sonagraph. $F_0$, $F_1$, and PRR of the roars emitted by captive sea lions increased in the order male, female, and juvenile. By contrast, the $F_1$ of wild males was lower than that of females, while the $F_0$ and PRR of wild males and females did not differ statistically. Moreover, the $F_0$ and $F_1$ frequencies for captive sea lions were higher than those of wild sea lions, while PRR in captive sea lions was lower than in wild sea lions. Since there was a linear relationship between body length and the $F_0$ and $F_1$ frequencies in captive sea lions, the body length distribution of wild sea lions could be estimated from the $F_0$ and $F_1$ frequency distribution using a regression equation. These results roughly agree with the body length distribution derived from photographic geometry. As the volume of the oral cavity and the length of the vocal cords are generally proportional to body length, sampled roars can provide useful information about a population, such as the body length distribution and sex ratio.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2021

Background: Butterflies make an important part for plant-pollinator guild. These are nectar feeder or occasionally pollen feeder and thus proboscis of the butterfly species are considered as one of the most important variable in relation to the collection of food from plants. In butterfly-plant association, nectar source is principally determined by quality of nectar, corolla length, and nectar quantity. For the butterfly, nectar uptake is determined by proboscis length because flowers with long corolla restrict butterfly species containing shorter proboscis. Empirical studies proved that butterfly species with high wing loading visit clustered flowers and species with low wing loading confined their visit to solitary or less nectar rich flowers. The present study tries to investigate the flower preference of butterfly species from Lycaenidae family having very short proboscis, lower body length, lower body weight and wing span than the most species belonging from Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, and Hesperiidae. Results: Butterflies with shorter proboscis cannot access nectar from deeper flower. Although they mainly visit on less deeper flower to sucking nectar, butterflies with high wing loading visits clustered flowers to fulfill their energy requirements. In this study, we demonstrated flower choice of seven butterfly species belonging to Lycanidiae family. The proboscis length maintains a positive relationship with body length and body weight. Body length maintains a positive relationship with body weight and wing span. Wing span indicate a strong positive relationship with body weight. This study proved that these seven butterfly species namely Castalius rosimon (CRN), Taracus nara (TNA), Zizinia otis (ZOT), Zizula hylax (ZHY), Jamides celeno (JCE), Chilades laius (CLA), and Psuedozizeeria maha (PMA) visit frequently in Tridax procumbens (TPR), Ocimum americanum (OAM) and Syndrella nodiflora (SNO). The species do not visit Lantana camara (LCA) and Catharanthus roseus (CRO) plants. Conclusion: The present study proved that butterfly species visits frequently in Tridax procumbens (TPR), Ocimum americanum (OAM) but less frequently in Syndrella nodiflora (SNO). So, that study determined the butterfly species helps in pollination of these herbs that in turn helps the conservation of these butterfly species.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• 2006.09a
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2006

Global strength check for TLP tendon body can be estimated based on maximum tendon tensions and bending moments, which are resulted in TLP global performance analysis. Final tendon length, especially thread length on Length Adjustment Joint, is easily calculated with water depth at TLP in-place location, TLP lock-off draft and unlocking length of tendon bottom section. And LAJ thread length, which is locked with TLP top tendon connector, should be carefully determined with tendon design and installation tolerances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.27 no.11
• /
• pp.1198-1207
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop customized necktie design according to Korean adult male's body characteristics. For this purpose, experimentations of visual sensory evaluation on visual stimuli which show a man's wearing various neckties were carried out. The subjects were students(n=130) majoring in fashion and design related area and experts(n=6). The data were analyzed by ANOVA, duncan test, pearson's correlation coefficient, cross tabulation using spss pc/sup +/ program. Also statistic of Korea adult men's body measurements(1997) were analyzed and used to decide appropriate necktie length according to the customer's various height. The results were as follows: First, there were significant difference in visual sensibility on the stimuli showing 1) relative location of belt and necktie, 2) neckties with various length using golden ratio to the experimental model's height. Therefore, the need of producing neckties with different length according to customer's various height were verified. Second, neckties with three different length(140cm, 145cm, 151cm) were suggested for the groups of 160cm-height, 170cm-height, 180cm-height according to Korean adult male's body characteristics and aspect of production.