• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.391-413
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• 2006

This study analyzed the procedures and contents of digitalization of sinological resources owned by major sinological resource institutes in Korea. It investigated the united organizations that use such sinological resources It also assessed governmental policies and future Plans for digitalization of sinological resources. Finally, it proposed steps and conditions necessary for successful digitalization of sinological resources. (1) The level of digitalization of library management, searching, and usage system of national library, university library, and research library that has been applied since 1980s has already been highly advanced. The amount of sinological resources collected is significant and its substance value is very high. The digitalized resources are already distributed on internet partially. However, the level of digitalization of sinological resources still lacks some aspects and requires further effort. (2) The data base for digitalized sinological resources already available can be grouped into bibliographic information, contents and annotation, and full text. and it includes both domestic and foreign resources. The quantities of resources are as described in the body (3) The types of digital sinological resources include antient books. archives, micro, and book blocks. (4) The encoding DB methods of digital sinological resources include text. image, PDF. and etc. (5) The united organizations of sinological resources enable us to avoid duplicated investigation and enhance service efficiency. Here are some factors to consider in order to accomplish ideal digitalization of sinological resources. (1) First of all, it is necessary to organize a control center for digitalization procedures of old materials, and allow it a certain degree of authority to develop and Proceed a comprehensive Plan. (2) Both short- and long-term plans need to be developed in order to analyze various aspects of digitalization process. and their steps need to be taken gradually (3) It is necessary to train experts for old materials and let them construct and manage DB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.699-706
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• 2018

In this study, we measured signal intensities according to array coil position changes to provide reference data of coil directions and the distances as it deters image quality unless the coils are aligned properly. The multi-purpose MRI phantom was placed in body array coils, and it was moved to the top, bottom, left, and right directions by 2 cm from the center to 10 cm. After obtaining images, signal intensities were measured and compared. The results of this study were as follows: Except for the upward direction, the signal intensities of the reference signal was not significantly different from that of the reference signal intensity within 2cm in both T1 and T2-weighted images. In conclusion, in clinical circumstances which various challenges exist to align the coils exactly on the same lines, array coils should be positioned at least within 2 cm from the center except for the upward direction, on the same line to prevent the image qualities are lowered.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2014

Purpose Patient motion during myocardial perfusion SPECT can produce images that show visual artifacts and perfusion defects. This artifacts and defects remain a significant source of unsatisfactory myocardial perfusion SPECT. Motion correction has been developed as a way to correct and detect the patient motion for reducing artifacts and defects, and each motion correction uses different algorithm. We corrected simulated motion patterns with several motion correction methods and compared those images. Materials and Methods Phantom study was performed. The anthropomorphic torso phantom was made with equal counts from patient's body and simulated defect was added in myocardium phantom for to observe the change in defect. Vertical motion was intentionally generated by moving phantom downward in a returning pattern and in a non-returning pattern throughout the acquisition. In addition, Lateral motion was generated by moving phantom upward in a returning pattern and in a non-returning pattern. The simulated motion patterns were detected and corrected similarly to no-motion pattern image and QPS score, after Motion Detection and Correction Method (MDC), stasis, Hopkins method were applied. Results In phantom study, Changes of perfusion defect were shown in the anterior wall by the simulated phantom motions, and inferior wall's defect was found in some situations. The changes derived from motion were corrected by motion correction methods, but Hopkins and Stasis method showed visual artifact, and this visual artifact did not affect to perfusion score. Conclusion It was confirmed that motion correction method is possible to reduce the motion artifact and artifactual perfusion defect, through the apply on the phantom tests. Motion Detection and Correction Method (MDC) performed better than other method with polar map image and perfusion score result.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-135
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• 2009

We have studied general orientational characteristics of microcracks distributed in Tertiary crystalline tuff from the northeastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin. 108 sets of microcracks on horizontal surfaces of 6 rock samples from Heunghae-eup and Cheongha-myeon, Pohang-si areas were distinguished by image processing. Those microcrack sets show a distinct linear array in 38 images. Whole domain of the directional angle(${\theta}$)-frequency(N) chart for crystalline tuff can be divided into 20 domains in terms of the phases of the distribution of microcracks. From the related chart, microcrack sets show preferred orientation which are coincident with the direction of vertical common joints. Consequently, the potential for macroscopic vertical joints in a rock body can be inferred from the directional angle showing high frequency in each domain of the related chart. This joint pattern is nearly the same in Mesozoic granites from Seokmo-do, Gwanghwa-gun. From the rose diagram for orientations of microcrack in crystalline tuff, orientations of dominant sets of microcracks in terms of frequency orders reflect representative orientations of maximum principal stress acted on crystalline tuff. Meanwhile, orientations of microcracks in crystalline tuff were compared with those of open microcracks in Bulgugsa granites from the southwestern part of the Gyeongsang Basin, and vertical rift/grain planes from Mesozoic granite quarries in Korea. In regional distribution chart, the agreement of distribution pattern between above two types of microcrack sets and vertical planes suggests that microcrack systems developed in crystalline tuff probably occur regionally in Mesozoic granites in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.987-994
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• 2019

Low energy x-rays that occur in the low tube voltage radiography of general radiography are absorbed strongly in the body and do not aid image quality enhancement. This study maintains titer in general radiography while using tube current that are proportional to density and the tube voltage 15% principle according to density to reduce patient exposure doses, and area doses and entrance surface doses were measured to compare patient exposure doses. In hand, knee, abdomen, and skull radiography, kVp was increased to 115% and mAs was decreased to 50% and kVp was decreased to 85% while mAs was increased to 200% and area doses and entrance surface doses were measured to compare relative doses. Also, 5 places in each image were set, density was measured, and Kruskal wallis H test was conducted to observe significance probabilities between groups. To fix density, kVp was increased to 115% and mAs was decreased to 50% and after measurements of mean area doses and entrance surface doses were made by each part, each decreased to 58.68% and 59.85% when standard doses were set to 100%, and each increased to 147.28% and 159.9% when kVp was decreased to 85% and mAs was increased to 200%. Comparisons of density changes showed that hand, knee, abdomen, and skull radiography all displayed significance probabilities>0.05, showing no changes in concentration. Radiography that increases kVp and lowers mAs through reasonable calculations within ranges that don't affect resolution and contrast seems to be a simple way to decrease patient exposure doses.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.676-718
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• 1998

After a comparative study on between Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) in Pathogenesis, I got a conclusion like this. Sa-sang consitutional medicine(四象醫學) changed the directions to the medicine in the center of personality from the medicine in the center of Shanghanlun(傷寒論)'s demonstration, devided the personality of people by the size of Organ system(臟腑) into 4types of Tae-eum, Yo-yang, Tae-yang, Yo-eum(太少陰陽), and explains all the course of physiology, pathology, diagnosis, therapy of the body on the point of constitutional view. Comparing the features of two medicines, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學), Shanghanlun(傷寒論) devided the diseases into the three type of eum-yang based on eight principal syndroms(八綱原理), in accordance with evidence of illness, pulse and studied the therapy, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) set up the basis of medicine which is based on overall of symptoms and signg(辨證論治醫學). Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) distinguished the image(象) which is devided by the size of inherited Organ system(臟腑), refered to the symptom of diseases(病症) and decided the therapic directions. So Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) gave more accuracy to the therapy by subdeviding the process of differenciation of case(辨證) into 2 steps of differenciation of image(辨象) and differenciation of case(辨證). In view of etiologic factor, Shanghanlun(傷寒論) regarded it as a invading of pathogenic factors(邪氣), so Shanghanlun(傷寒論) has the medical theory of pathogenic factors(邪氣). But Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) regarded it as a disorder of the genuine energy(正氣)'s movements(升降緩速), so Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) has the medical theory putting first of genuine energy(正氣). But Shanghanlun(傷寒論) also recognized the constitutional difference basically and Sa-sang consitutional medicine(四象醫學) devided the constitution into Tae-eum, Yo-yang, Tae-yang, Yo-eum(太少陰陽) and explained the food-air-fluid metabolism(飮食-氣液之氣病證) as cold-hot, cool-warm and devided the the symptom of diseases(病症) into the interior and the exterior(表裏) as the up-down, slow-fast movements of eum-yang and insufficiency and excessiveness is between them. In the end, Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) has the theory of eight principal syndroms(八綱原理) faithfully which is the theory of differenciation of case(辨證理論) of Shanghanlun(傷寒論). Therefore Shanghanlun(傷寒論) made a lot of influence on originating Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學), Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) is the theory which is based on existing medical theory including Shanghanlun(傷寒論) and composed the new medical theory to the constitutional point of view. Sa-sang constitutional medicine(四象醫學) enriched the medical theory and developed the clinical medicine so it has the historical value in the medicine.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to figure out how uptake counts of technetium ($^{99m}Tc$) among radioisotopes in the human body are affected if computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and isotope examination are performed consecutively. $^{99m}Tc$ isotope material, iodinated contrast media for CT and paramagnetic contrast media for magnetic resonance (MR) were used as experimental materials. First, $^{99m}Tc$ was added to 4 cc normal saline in a test tube. Then, 2 cc of CT contrast media such as $Iopamidol^{(R)}$ and $Dotarem^{(R)}$ were diluted with 2 cc normal saline, and 2cc of MRI contrast media such as $Primovist^{(R)}$ and $Gadovist^{(R)}$ were diluted with 2 cc normal saline. Each distributed contrast media was a total of 4 cc and included 10m Ci of $^{99m}Tc$. A gamma camera, a LEHR (Low energy high resolution) collimator and a pin-hole collimator were used for image acquisition. Image acquisition was repeated a total of 6 times and 120 frames were obtained and uptake counts of $^{99m}Tc$ were measured (from this procedure). In this study, as a result of measuring the uptake counts of $^{99m}Tc$ using the LEHR collimator, the uptake counts were less measured in all contrast media than normal saline as a reference. In particular, the lowest uptake counts were measured when $Gadovist^{(R)}$, contrast media for MRI, was used. However, the result of measuring the uptake counts of $^{99m}Tc$ using the pin-hole collimator showed higher uptake counts in all contrast media, except for $Iopamidol^{(R)}$, than normal saline as a reference. The highest uptake counts were measured particularly when $Primovist^{(R)}$, contrast media for MRI, was used. In performing the gamma camera examination using contrast media and $^{99m}Tc$, it is considered significant to check the changes in the uptake counts to improve various diagnosis values.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.490-494
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• 2009

A 2-year-old Maltese and a 5-month-old Yorkshire terrier were presented with ataxia. Tetraparesis was observed in a 9-year -old Yorkshire terrier. The localizations of the lesions suggested brain or cervical spinal cord by the neurological examination, and the following images was achieved: radiography, axial images of computed tomography (CT), reconstruction image of CT such as multi-planar reformation(MPR) and 3-dimensional(3D) reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On radiography, the misalignment between atlas (C1) and axis (C2), absent dens of axis, and increased space between the dorsal arch of C1 and spinous process of C2 were found. The discontinuation between dens and body of C2 was identified through axial CT images, and the fragmentation of dens separated from axis was observed through MPR and 3D image in all case. The hyperintense lesions and the spinal cord compression on T2-weighted MR images were represented in a dog with tetraparesis, the others represented only spinal cord compression. Three dogs were diagnosed as atlantoaxial instability (AAI) by dens fracture of C2. The dog with tetraparesis was euthanized due to guarded prognosis. The others were recovered completely. It is difficult to differentiate dens fracture of C2 from abnormal dens such as agenesis and hypoplasia. We thought that CT is very useful to evaluate the dens of C2 and differentiate the causes of AAI, and the reconstruction images of CT such as MPR and 3D make the translation of the fragmented dens or axis of AAI more precisely evaluate.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Humans develop and maintain relationship through communication. Communication is largely divided into verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of a language or characters, while non-verbal communication utilizes body language. We use gestures with language together in conversations of everyday life. Gestures belong to non-verbal communication, and can be offered using a variety of shapes and movements to deliver an opinion. For this reason, gestures are spotlighted as a means of implementing an NUI/NUX in the fields of HCI and HRI. In this paper, using Kinect and the geometric features of the hand, we propose a method for recognizing the number of fingers and detecting the hand area. A Kinect depth image can be used to detect the hand region, with the finger number identified by comparing the distance of outline and the central point of a hand. Average recognition rate for recognizing the number of fingers is 98.5%, from the proposed method, The proposed method would help enhancing the functionality of the human computer interaction by increasing the expression range of gestures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.255-260
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• 2014

The acute lumbar pain patients who were unavoidable to take MRI examination were made to take altered lateral recumbent position. they were also not able to control their painfulness and to be in supine position. In this study, it is supposed to increase success rate of the MRI examination through taking the altered lateral recumbent position in using spine and body matrix coil. This altered position made relaxing lumber pain and fatigue for the patients who suffered from sever lumber pain. In these reasons, it decreases the motion artifacts through correcting uncomfortable posture. As a result, qualitative analysis for the image quality was estimated to have average points of supine position A group(lateral recumbent position) of normal candidates and B group(lateral recumbent position) of the abnormal candidates who have sever pain at 4.64, 3.44, and 3.40, respectively. In conclusion, while qualitative analysis in the examination with supine position of the normal patients had significantly high points, the qualitative analysis in the examination with lateral recumbent position of the normal patients and abnormal patients who had sever lumbar pain was almost same. In addition, it was judged that radiologists' imagery interpretation had no other problems in the image evaluation of B group who had acute lumbar pain of abnormal patients. Hereupon, if this technique becomes generalized for the patients who suffer from supine position in the examination, it is supposed to be useful in medical field.