• 전자공학회논문지 IE
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we measured the biosignal using hot-water system(STYX ford202) on foot. The biosignal transition data is observed from hot-water thermotherapy on foot. pre and post demonstration conditions under 43$^{\circ}C$ and 45$^{\circ}C$ are checked about 9 physiological factors for 10 persons and 10 days. (Checking Time: pre-test, post-test(5, 10, 15, 20 minutes)). The biosignal transition of demonstration's results showed as belows; Forehead Temperature($^{\circ}C$): -0.69 $\pm$ 0.01 dec, Leg Temperature($^{\circ}C$): 1.51 $\pm$ 0.22 inc, Blood Flow($m\ell/min$): 1.18 $\pm$ 0.50 inc, Blood Pressure(mmHg): (max) -1.49$\pm$ 2.81, (min) -0.06 $\pm$ 0.13 dec, Heart Rate(bpm): 6.97 $\pm$ 0.72 inc, Blood Sugar($mg/d\ell$) : -2.41 $\pm$ 1.55 dec, Oxygen Saturation(%): 1.34 $\pm$ 0.28 inc, Body Fat(%) -1.75 $\pm$ 0.15 dec, Weight(kg): -0.10 $\pm$ 0.04 dec. (dec: decrease, inc: increase)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.59 no.5
• /
• pp.10.1-10.11
• /
• 2017

Background: Transfer of pesticides from environment to animal products is inevitable, so the purpose of the present work was to evaluate phosalone consumption via feeding with or without sodium bentonite (SB) on performance, blood metabolites and its transition to milk of Iranian Baluchi sheep. Methods: Twenty Baluchi ewes were divided into four treatments (P1 as control, P2, P3, and P4) of five animals in which phosalone, an organophosphate pesticide, was given via diet (only for P2 and P3) at a dose of 280 mg/sheep/day for 63 consecutive days. The SB (32 g/sheep/day; for P3 and P4) was also evaluated for its ability to reduce deleterious effects of phosalone in the sheep diets. The control group (P1) did not receive any phosalone and SB during the experiment. Sampling was conducted in two periods of time including weeks 5 and 9. Results: Phosalone residues were observed in the milk samples of P2 and P3 groups during two sampling periods. During period 1, the transfer rate of phosalone from feed to milk was 0.23 and 0.02%, respectively for the contaminated diets (P2 and P3), which is relatively similar to period 2 (0.22 and 0.02%). Only 0.34 (period 1) and 0. 36% (period 2) of phosalone residue are excreted in the feces of P2 group following its daily consumption. Transfer of phosalone from feed to milk was affected (P < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of a commercial SB, as it (SB) decreased excretion of phosalone via milk (P3). The phosalone and SB alone or together had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight (BW) gain, but feed efficiency, milk production, milk fat, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), albumin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) affected by the treatments in period 1 or 2 (P < 0.05). The Hb, RBC, and MCHC were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by about 9.72, 20.77, and 9.71%, respectively in the group P2 as compared to those of the control group during period 1. The AChE inhibitory activity (period 1 and 2) significantly increased when phosalone administered via the diet (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although there were no adverse effects on the performance of sheep following the intake of phosalone alone (P2 vs. P1), but other research on the long and short times to the phosalone in high and low doses with more animals is suggested. Overall, compared to the control group, addition of SB in the diet of sheep improved nutrient digestibility, animal performance, and milk health.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of elementary school lunch programs. The subjects of this study were consisted of 220 elementary school students in the 5th and 6th grades. Dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by modified 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows : The children' average body weights were 36.3$\pm$7.39kg in boys and 35.7$\pm$8.35kg in girls. Their average heights were 141.9$\pm$5.82cm in boys and 142.5$\pm$5.82cm in girls. Total daily energy and nutrients intakes were below the RDA's, except for intakes of niacin and ascorbic acid. The rate of calorie of carbohydrate : protein : fat was 73:13:14(male) and 70:14:16(female). Score of food habit was poor 43.6% of subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.427-433
• /
• 2018

Because of the expectation of the non-invasive treatment effect, Various studies on the treatment of varicose veins using focused ultrasound are reported. In this study, the bio-tissue phantom and tissue equivalent phantom that can be applied to estimation of ultrasonic varicose veins treatment effect. Each phantom was evaluated for its usefulness by evaluating the acoustic characteristics and the shrinkage rate according to the ultrasonic irradiation. A multi-layer structure phantom with three layers of skin, fat, and muscle was constructed considering the structure of the tissue where the varicose veins occurred. The materials constituting each layer were made to have characteristics similar to human body. In addition, the multi-layered phantoms with blood vessel mimic tube, with bovine blood vessel, and with animal tissue were fabricated. The degree of shrinkage of blood vessel mimic material and vascular tissue according to ultrasonic irradiation was evaluated using B-mode image. As the results of this study, it was thought that the proposed phantom could be used effectively in the evaluation of ultrasonic varicose veins treatment. In addition, it is thought that these phantoms could be applied to the development of varicose vein treatment device using the focused ultrasound and the verification of the therapeutic effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.682-689
• /
• 2012

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and meat quality of broilers. Nine hundred one-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups with three replicate pens of 100 broiler chicks. Three treatments were i) control, ii) basal diets supplemented with 1 ml of B. licheniformis for each in feed water per day iii) basal diets supplemented with 2 ml of B. licheniformis per chick in feed water per day. The supplementation of B. licheniformis significantly increased body weight in grower chickens (p<0.05), and significantly improved the feed conversion in 3 to 6 and 0 to 6 wk feeding period compared with the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the supplement also resulted in increased protein and free amino acid contents, and decreased fat content in chicken breast fillet (p<0.05). Furthermore, improvement in sensory attributes was observed in broilers fed with the probiotic. In conclusion, B. licheniformis treatments resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in broiler productivity based on an index taking into account daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Meanwhile, the probiotic contributed towards an improvement of the chemical, nutritional and sensorial characteristics of breast fillet. Overall, the study indicates that B. licheniformis can be used as a growth promoter and meat quality enhancer in broiler poultry.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to find biochemical status, dietary habits and dietary behaviors according to the degree of obesity among obese children, and to provide baseline data for nutrition education. The number of subjects was 64 obese children(Mildly obesed : MI 19, Moderately obese : Mo 30, Severely obese : SI 15) participated in '98 Summer Nutrition Camp'. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Weight and body fat rate was increased according to obesity degree(p<0.05). Total cholesterol and TG also was increased according to obesity degree but it was statistically significant. 2. In dietary habits, it wasn't statistically significant but MI tended to eat fast and to eat the snacks before sleeping. MO tended to skip the breakfast. SI tended to eat more snacks and dinner and they tended to overeat. 3. In cognition of self-weight, most obese children(93.7%) worried about their weight but 73.4% of obese children thought that it was possible for losing weight. There were no difference by the obesity degree. 4. In dietary behaviors, there were no statistically significant difference but MI and SI than MO tended to had worse dietary behaviors. 5. In life styles, SI than the others have tendency to have more regular exercise but they had more indoor activities than outdoor activities. 6. In foods intake frequency, SI than MI and MO ate instant foods more frequently and MI than the others ate hot and salty foods more frequently(p<0.05). With these result, MI and SI than MO tended to have undesirable dietary habits and behaviors. Many obese children worried about the weight but they had positive thought about losing weight. SI tended to do regularly exercise but they had more indoor activities than outdoor activities. Therefore, only with this study, it is difficult to say that there is the clear difference by the obesity degree. Because, in this study, we can have some difference among these groups, we should study more about these difference for effective, systemic and practical nutrition education in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2000

Hypertension is a well-known degenerative disease whose prevalence rate increases with age. Management of high blood pressure is a critical concern in preventive strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary characteristics of hypertensive program participants, and to establish strategies based on their nutritional needs. Hypertensive patients were enrolled in the program in a public health center or in a local elderly center, at Suwon, in 1999-2000. Trained dietitians interviewed 62 enrollees(24-hour recall) and related variables. Mean body mass index of the subjects was 25.0kg/m². 30.7% of the subjects had a family history of hypertension. The majority of them ate regularly and partook of all available side dishes. They consumed grains and vegetables regularly, but seldom ate dairy products or food prepared with oil. Male enrollees frequently consumed more processed food and animal fat than did female enrollees(p<0.05). An analysis of the percentage of RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances of Korea 1995) showed that but for ascorbic acid, enrollees consumed nutrients below the RDA. The food group intake pattern was not diverse, thus only 8.1% of enrollees consumed all food groups in a day. An analysis of eating attitude showed that 64.5% of enrollees always added salt to beef soup. Male enrollees showed low food-related self-efficacy compared to female enrollees, especially with reference to reduction of instant food intake(p<0.01), increase in vegetable intake(p<0.01), reduction of monosodium glutamate(MSG) intake(p<0.01). and not overeating(p<0.05). Their perceived barriers for participating in hypertension nutrition programs included lack of time, program necessity non-recognition, and program comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that nutrition education program necessity non-recognition, and program comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that nutrition education programs for community hypertensive patients should focus on increasing participant consumption of foods, expecially dairy products, and desirable eating attitudes. It also suggests that the program should consider should consider encouraging self-efficacy in changing eating behavior.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.1137-1146
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to establish an optimum number of phase feeding regimen which enable to reduce nutrients excretion without affecting growth performance and to investigate the effects of different feeding regimens on growth performance, nutrients excretion and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 120 finishing pigs (an average initial body weight of 54.3 kg) were assigned to the feeding trial and 12 pigs were assigned to the metabolic trial. Treatments included one phase (54 to 104 kg), two phase (54 to 80 and 80 to 104 kg), three phase (54 to 70, 70 to 90 and 90 to 104 kg) and four phase (54 to 65, 65 to 80, 80 to 95, 95 to 104 kg) feeding regimens. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein for one phase feeding regimen, 16% and 12% crude protein for two phase feeding regimen, 16%, 14% and 12% crude protein for three phase feeding regimen, and 16%, 14.7%, 13.4% and 12% crude protein for four phase feeding regimen, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in any criteria measured during the entire experimental period, pigs reared in three phase feeding regimen grew slightly faster than those reared in other feeding regimens and showed a tendency to increase ADFI during the whole experimental period. The metabolic trial indicated that there were no significant differences in DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and P (phosphorus) digestibilities. However, fecal nutrient excretion except P was significantly influenced by feeding regimens. DM excretion of one phase feeding group was significantly higher than that of three phase feeding group and daily fecal N (nitrogen) excretion of one phase feeding group was higher than that of other phase feeding groups (p<0.05). Three and four phase feeding regimens resulted in 12% lower fecal N and DM excretion than one phase feeding regimen. Blood urea concentrations were lower for pigs reared in two, three and four phase feeding regimens than for those reared in one phase feeding regimen (p<0.05). Three phase feeding regimen for the finishing period showed better carcass grade than one phase feeding regimen, though the difference was not significant. The tenth rib fat thickness of pigs fed on four phase feeding regimen was reduced most and there was a trend that backfat thickness decreased as the number of phases increased. Feed cost per kg weight gain was significantly low in four phase feeding group than one phase feeding group (p<0.05). In summary, it seemed that producers generally oversupply the expensive nutrients for the finishing pigs. High nutrient diets do not always guarantee high growth rate of pigs and cause more unwanted nutrient excretion. It rather seems that meeting nutrient requirements for the each growth phase is more important for the reduction of pollutants and economical pork production.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.749-761
• /
• 2002

This study investigated the anthropometric and biochemical indices, and the health and nutritional factors influencing the two indices among 194 middle-aged and elderly subjects (108 middle-aged and 86 elderly) residing in a medium sized city for more than 10 years. In the examination of their dietary habits, 8.3% of the middle-aged subjects and 14.0% of the elderly subjects had two meals a day, and more female subjects had two meals per day. Of the subjects who ate meals at regular times, 75.0% were middle-aged and 79.1% were elderly, and the degree of irregularity of meals was greater for female subjects. The study of the dietary behavior of the subjects indicated that 71.3% and 66.3% of the middle-aged and elderly, respectively responded that the amount of food in each meal was sufficient. The subjects ate alone comprised 19.7% of the middle-aged females and 31.5% of the elderly females. The prevalence of smoking among the subjects was 28.1% for the middle-aged, 18.8% for the elderly male and 7.4% for the elderly females. The percentage of the subjects who drank alcohol was 34.4% of the middle-aged males and 13.2% of the middle-aged females. Slightly less than half of the subjects exercised more than once a week, with the male subjects showing a higher rate than the female subjects. The average body mass indices (BMI) were 24.5 and 24.6 for the middle-aged male and female, respectively, and 22.6 and 24.0 for the elderly male and female, respectively. BMI assessment showed that underweight subjects (BMI ＜ 20) comprised 3.7% of the middle-aged, 14.0% of the elderly, and that 40.7% of the middle-aged and 24.4% of the elderly were overweight (25 ＜ BMI ＜ 30) , and 0.9% of the middle-aged and 1.2% of the elderly were classified as obese (BMI $\geq$ 30) . A waist/hip ratio (WHR) greater than 0.8 was found in 89.5% of the middle-aged females and 90.7% of the elderly females, showing high abdominal fat deposition in the majority of females. The average systolic blood pressure of females was 121.1 $\pm$ 17.1 mmHg for the middle-aged and 129.6 $\pm$ 21.3 mmHg for the elderly subjects. The systolic blood pressures showed a significantly difference between the two age groups. Those defined as anemic subjects based on hemoglobin values comprised 13.0% of the middled-aged group and 16.3% of the elderly group. There was a tendency for higher fasting glucose levels among the elderly subjects. An increase in total plasma cholesterol levels with age was shown. The female subjects had higher cholesterol levels than the males'The study of the correlation between the daily habits and health status showed that the amount of food eaten at each meal, the frequency of eating out, and the use of dietary supplements appeared to influence BMI, WHR, the plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol levels; omitting one meal had a positive correlation with the systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol. These results suggest that desirable dietary habits and concerns for health are contributing factors for maintaining good health, as indicated by normal blood lipid levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on pro- and macro-glycogen utilization and resynthesis. The analyses were further extended for different muscle fibers (type I, type II, & type IIb) as well as tissues (i.e., liver & heart). Total one hundred sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: animals fed standard chow diet (n=40), animals fed saturated fatty acid diet (n=40), animals fed monounsaturated fatty acid (n=40), and animals fed polyunsaturated fatty acid (n=40). Animals in each groups were further divided into five subgroups: sacrificed at REST (n=8), sacrificed at immediately after 3 hr swim exercise (P-0HR, n=8), sacrificed at one hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-1HR, n=8), sacrificed at four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-4HR, n=8), and sacrificed at twenty-four hour after 3 hr swim exercise (P-24HR, n=8). Soleus (type I), red gastrocnemius (type IIa), white gastrocnemius (type IIb), liver, and heart were dissected out at appropriated time point from all animals, and were used for analyses of pro- & macro-glycogen concentrations. After 8 weeks of dietary interventions, there was no significant difference in body mass in any of dietary conditions (p>.05). After 3 hr swim exercise, blood lactate level was higher compared to resting conditions in all groups, but it was returned to resting value after 1 hr rest (p<.05). Free fatty acid concentration was higher in all high fat fed groups(regardless of fatty acid composition) than CHOW consumed group. At rest, pro- & macro-glycogen concentration was not different from any of experimental groups (p>.05). Regardless of forms of glycogen, the highest level was observed in liver (p<.01), and most cases of supercompensation after 3hr exercise observed in this study were occurred in CHOW fed tissues. Except heart muscle, all tissues used in this study showed that pro- and macro-glycogen concentration was significantly decreased after 3 hr exercise. Based on these results, two conclusions were made: first, there is no different level of glycogen content in various tissues regardless of types of fatty acids consumed and second, the highest mobilization rate would be demonstrated from CHOW fed animals compare to animals that consumed any kinds of fatty acid diet if prolonged exercise is applied.