• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

Endoscopic laser cordectomy is known as an oncologically sound procedure for T1 and selected T2 glottic carcinoma ; it has comparable local control rate and better long-term laryngeal preservation rate when compared with those of radiotherapy. Even if results of the reported voice outcome studies after surgery or radiotherapy are diverse and controversial, resection deeper than the body layer of the vocal fold (type III, IV, V cordectomy) usually leads to aerodynamic insufficiency during phonation and results in poor voice quality. A keyhole defect or development of synechiae at the anterior commissure after type VI cordecomy may also result in unsatisfactory vocal outcome. However, many advances in phonosurgical techniques are reported to be successfully applied in the reconstruction of glottal defect that is subsequent to endoscopic laser cordectomy. In case of glottal insufficiency, voice restoration can be achieved by means of augmentation of the paraglottic space or medialization of the excavated vocal fold. Injection laryngoplasty with synthetic materials or autologous fat is gaining its popularity for restoring minor glottal volume defect because of its convenience. Laryngeal framework surgery, especially type I thyroplasty with premade implant systems or Gore-Tex, is most frequently used to correct larger glottic volume defect. In case of anterior commissural keyhole defect, additional procedure including laryngofissure may be required. For anterior commissural synechiae, laryngeal keel may be inserted for several weeks or mitomycin-C may be repeatedly applied after the division of adhesive scar to prevent restenosis. In this paper, current concepts and the authors' experiences of phonosurgical reconstruction of vocal function after endoscopic cordectomy will be introduced.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 1988

흰불나방 (Hyphantria cunea Drury) 의 용휴면이 결정되는 시기, 휴면용에서의 20-hydroxyecdysone 의 영향과 전기영동 방법으로 측정된 용단백질의 변화는 다음과 같았다. 용휴면의 결정은 유충발육기간중 초기 5~15일에 이루어졌다. 산소소비율의 변화는 정상발육용에서 U자 모양의 곡선을 나타내었고, 휴면용에서는 $30mu$l {TEX}$O_{2}${/TEX} /g/hr 수준으로 감소되어 유지되었다. 휴면용에서 추출된 2.5%균질액은 20-hydroxyecdysone 의 처리로 호흡활성이 증가하였고, 휴면예정용은 직접 주사로 우화하였다. 수용성 단백질의 함량 변화는 정상발육용에 급격하게 이루어졌으나, 휴면용에서는 완만하였고, 더 많은 양이 포함되어 있었다. 휴면예정용의 지방체에서 분리한 단백질의 종류는 비휴면용의 경우와 달랐다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2023

Purpose: Although chylous ascites is a frequent complication of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, proper diagnostic criteria and optimal treatment strategies have not been established. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of chylous ascites and evaluate the treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy between 2013 and 2019. Diagnosis was made when milky fluid or elevated triglyceride levels (≥100 mg/dL) appeared in the drains without a preceding infection. The clinical features, risk factors, and treatment outcomes were assessed according to the initial treatment modalities for fasting and non-fasting groups. Results: Among the 7,388 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, 156 (2.1%) experienced chylous ascites. The median length of hospital stay was longer in patients with chylous ascites than in those without (median [interquartile range]: 8.0 [6.0-12.0] vs. 6.0 [5.0-8.0], P<0.001). Low body mass index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.9; P<0.001), advanced gastric cancer (aOR=1.51, P=0.024), open surgery (reference: laparoscopic surgery; aOR=1.87, P=0.003), and extent of surgical resection (reference: subtotal gastrectomy, total gastrectomy, aOR=1.5, P=0.029; proximal gastrectomy, aOR=2.93, P=0.002) were associated with the occurrence of chylous ascites. The fasting group (n=12) was hospitalized for a longer period than the non-fasting group (n=144) (15.0 [12.5-19.5] vs. 8.0 [6.0-10.0], P<0.001). There was no difference in grade III complication rate (16.7% vs. 4.2%, P=0.117) or readmission rate (16.7% vs. 11.1%, P=0.632) between the groups. Conclusions: A fat-controlled diet and medication without fasting provided adequate initial treatment for chylous ascites after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and eating behaviors, nutrition knowledge of students in 4, 5 and 6th graders of elementary school in Jeonju Area. The subjects for questionnaire were 2,568 elementary school students (boys 1,364, girls 1,204). The results were analyzed by SPSS program, and were as follows. In anthropometric data, there were significant differences between boys and girls. In eating habits and eating behaviors, there were significant differences in the rate of 'Hasty eating habit(p<0.01)', 'Most heavy meal(p<0.01)', 'Eating when receive stress(p<0.05)', and 'Frequency of snack eating per day(p<0.01)' between boys and girls. In total scores of nutrition knowledge, there were significant differences between boys and girls. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant differences in the rate of 'Carbohydrate and fat give heat and force.(p<0.001)', 'Carbohydrate is nutrient that make muscle and blood of our body.(p<0.01)', 'Overeating of carbohydrate does not contribute gain of weight. (p<0.05)', To intake vitamin, it is good to eat fresh fruit and vegetable.(p<0.01)', 'Calcium deficiency is leading to anemia.(p<0.001)' between boys and girls. In conclusion, systematical educational programs need to be developed at elementary school. These should include information about achieving a balanced diet, good eating habit and behavior, meal management and Korean dietary culture. Also, nutritional education at home must be emphasized.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

본 연구는 수정 전 단계인 생후 12~14개월령의 육성우에게 급여하는 사료의 적정 영양소 수준에 대해 알아보고자 에너지와 단백질의 비율에 따른 영양소 이용성 및 증체량에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 건물 섭취량은 T1 (TDN/CP 비율, 5.0:1), T2 (TDN/CP 비율, 4.5:1) 그리고 T3 (TDN/CP 비율, 4.0:1)가 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 분 중 회분은 T1이 11.07%로 T3 (9.69%) 보다 유의적으로 높아졌으며, TDN/CP 비율이 높아질수록 분 내 회분 함량도 증가되었다. 초기 체중과 상관없이 증체량은 실험 개시 후 30일째 사료 내 CP 비율이 높아질수록 유의적으로 증가하였으나 60일째에는 T2가 유의적으로 가장 높은 증체를 보였다 (p<0.05). TDN 비율이 감소하거나 단백질 비율이 높아질수록 증체량은 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.05). 실험 종료 시의 혈중 GPT는 T1과 T3 (112.6, 88.3 u/l)가 T2 (50.9 u/l) 보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, phosphorus는 T1 (46.3 mg/dl)이 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). HDL cholesterol은 T2 (145.2 md/dl)가 T1 (121.0 mg/dl)과 T3 (132.3 mg/dl) 보다 유의적으로 높았으며, triglyceride는 T3 (40.6 mg/dl)가 T1, T2 (20.7, 29.0 mg/dl) 보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). BUN 농도를 비롯한 그 외의 혈액 분석항목들에서는 처리구별에 있어서 유의적 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 섭취량과 증체율에서는 TDN/CP 비율이 4:1이 가장 좋았으나 체지방 축적이 과잉될 가능성이나 혈액대사 수치를 함께 고려한다면 이 시기에서는 4.5:1의 비율이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2002

연구배경: 만성폐쇄성질환은 호흡곤란과 신체활동능력저하가 특징이며, 이들 환자의 체중감소는 예후를 결정하는 중요한 인자로 알려져 있다. 이러한 사실은 체성분의 변화가 환자의 운동능력에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인으로 작용할수 있음을 의미한다. 저자들은 최대산소섭취량에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 분석하여, 체성분의 변화가 환자의 최대운동능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 만성폐쇄성질환으로 입원한 83명(남자 63명, 여자 20명)을 대상으로 급성기 증상이 호전된 후 퇴원하기 직전 안정시 폐기능 및 체성분 분석, 그리고 운동부하심폐기능을 측정하여 최대산소섭취량에 영향을 미치는 요소를 분석하였다. 결 과: 만성폐쇄성질환자의 최대산소섭취량은 영양상태와 관계없이 감소하였으나, 영양결핍환자들의 최대산소섭취량 및 최대운동부하량, 그리고 최대산소맥압은 영양상태가 정상인 환자보다 훨씬 낮았다. 최대산소섭취량은 최대흡기압 (r=0.71), 최대호기압(r=0.68), 노력성 흡기폐활량(r=0.55), 그리고 폐확산능(r=0.53)과 상관관계가 있고(p<0.01), 체성분 가운데 제지방량(r=0.55), 체질량지수(r=0.47), 제지방지수(r=0.41)와 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.01). 최대산소섭취량과 상관관계가 있는 지표들을 단계적 회귀분석으로 확인한 결과 제지방량 (t=2.31, p<0.05), 노력성 흡입폐활량(t=3.22, p<0.01), 폐확산능(t=3.41, p<0.01)이 유의수준 5% 이내에서 통계적인 의미가 있었다. 이들 세 가지 지표만으로 회귀모델을 만들 경우 최대산소섭취량의 68.8%를 설명할 수 있었다($r^2=0.688$, p<0.05). 결 론: 만성폐쇄성폐질환자의 제지방량은 안정시 폐기능과 더불어 최대운동능력에 영향을 미치는 중요한 인자이며, 환자의 활동능력을 유지하기 위하여 근육량을 보존할 수 있는 치료적인 접근이 반드시 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

This study was to investigate dietary life and eating-out style related to breakfast frequency of male students in culinary college. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 110 male students at college in Hongseung. Mean height and body weight of those we investigated was 174 cm and 70.5 kg. The one to two times per week breakfast eating group was 34.55%, which is exceedingly numerous; none per week breakfast eating group was 30%; three to tow times per week breakfast eating group was 15.45%; everyday breakfast eating group was only 9.09%. The breakfast frequency was very low, and the not-eating breakfast problem is serious to think of in male college students. Mean weight, body fat and body mass index(BMI) of the everyday breakfast eating group was lower than the other group even it was not significant. The self-boarding house or dormitory living condition group was not eating breakfast was significant. So a correct dietary lift and eating habit should be taught further for male college students. The smoking group was a significant low frequency of breakfast eating, as well as the lower frequency of breakfast, or worse recognition of self health condition. Higher frequency of breakfast showed more contentment of self body weight. Cooked rice was significantly the most preferable for breakfast. The lower breakfast frequency tended to eat breads or cereals. The lower frequency of breakfast, self recognition of eating rate as speedier was significant, and tended to have a higher frequency of eating-out because of being annoyed by cooking. The lower breakfast frequency ate out more. Twenty five percent of the everyday breakfast eating group ate out because of a special day, and thirty five percent of the not eating breakfast group did so because of being annoyed by cooking. Their mean dietary evaluation grade was under the normal grade, which means that culinary college male students' dietary lives were poor. The lower frequency of breakfast and lower grade of food life evaluation, indicates the importance of nutritional breakfasts education should be improved for male culinary college students also.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.744-750
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• 2012

본 연구는 비만아동을 대상으로 12주간 중강도 유산소 운동을 통해 신체조성, 아디포넥틴, RBP-4, 혈관염증인자에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 대상자들은 두 집단으로, 운동군(n=15)은 12주간 중강도 유산소 운동을 실시하였고, 대조군(n=13)은 운동 프로그램에 참여하지 않았다. 운동군은 여유심박수 50%의 운동강도로 300 kcal에 도달할 때까지 트레드밀에서 런닝을 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다 : 운동군이 통제군보다 체중, 체질량지수, 체지방률, 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압이 각각 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 최대산소섭취량은 운동군에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 공복시 혈당, 인슐린과 인슐린저항성은 운동군에서 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.05), 아디포넥틴은 12주 운동 후 운동군에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한, 혈중 RBP-4, CRP, IL-6 농도는 대조군보다 운동군에서 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 연구에서 12주간 규칙적인 유산소 운동 프로그램은 비만 아동들의 염증과 신체지수 개선에 긍정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.690-697
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ad libitum and restricted feeding regimen on fasting heat production (FHP) and body composition. Methods: Twelve Hubbard broilers breeders were selected with the same body weight and submitted in two feeding regimes: Restricted (T1) with feed intake of 150 g/bird/d and ad libitum (T2). The birds were randomly distributed on the treatments in two runs with three replications per treatment (per run). The birds were adapted to the feed regimens for ten days. After that, they were allocated in the open-circuit chambers and kept for three days for adaptation. On the last day, oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) were measured by 30 h under fasting. The respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated as the VCO₂/VO₂ ratio, and the heat production (HP) was obtained using the Brower equation (1985). The FHP was estimated throughout the plateau of HP 12 hours after the feed deprivation. The body composition was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning at the end of each period. Data were analyzed for one-way analysis of variance using the Minitab software. Results: The daily feed intake was 30 g higher to T2 (p<0.01) than the T1. Also, the birds of the T2 had significatively (p<0.05) more oxygen consumption (+3.1 L/kg^0.75/d) and CO₂ production (+2.2 L/kg^0.75/d). That resulted in a higher FHP 359±14 kJ/kg^0.75/d for T2 than T1 296±17.23 kJ/kg^0.75/d. In contrast, the RQ was not different between treatments, with an average of 0.77 for the fasting condition. In addition, protein and fat composition were not affected by the treatment, while a tendency (p<0.1) was shown to higher bone mineral content on the T1. Conclusion: The birds under ad libitum feeding had a higher maintenance energy requirement but their body composition was not affected compared to restricted feeding.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 불용성 식이섬유인 셀룰로오스와 수용성 식이섬유인 펙틴이 식사성 열생성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 건강한 여자 대학생을 대상으로 식이섬유 제한식인 CD를 대조군으로 셀룰로오스식인 CED, 펙틴식인 PTD를 급식시켜 식후 3시간 동안의 DIT와 체온, 심박수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대상자들의 나이는 평균 22.3 1.9세이었고, 신장과 체중은 각각 평균 $159.7{\pm}4.7cm$ 및 $52.5{\pm}8.6kg$이었다. 대상자들의 휴식대사량은 평균 $0.79{\pm}0.02kcal/min$이었다. 시간에 따른 DIT는 모든 실험식에서 식후 30분에 최고치를 나타내었다가 이후 감소하는 경향이었다. 실험식사 섭취 후 3시간 동안 측정한 DIT의 반응면적$(\Delta-AUC)$은 CD, CED 및 PTD가 각각 $59.77{\pm}2.66kcal,\;39.91{\pm}2.65kcal$ 및 $47.26{\pm}5.76kcal$를 기록하여 섭취한 열량의 $14.05{\pm}0.62%,\;9.33{\pm}0.62%$ 및 $11.07{\pm}1.35%$이었다. 식이섬유를 첨가한 실험군인 CED와 PTD가 CD에 비해 식후 3시간 동안의 DIT가 유의적으로 낮았으나, 식이섬유간 DIT는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 실험식사 섭취 후 3시간 동안 측정한 체온의 반응면적$(\Delta-AUC)$은 실험식 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 심박수로 측정한 교감신경계는 CD가 CED 및 PTD에 비하여 유의적으로 높았고, 식이섬유 간의 차이는 없었다. 이상에서와 같이 동량의 종류를 달리하여 제공한 셀룰로오스식과 펙틴식이 식후 열생성을 유의적으로 낮추었다. 그러나 대상자의 심박수, 체온, 체조성과 같은 제요인과의 상관성을 밝히지 못하여, 이의 기전을 밝히기 위한 추후 연구가 필요하다.