• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of underwear brand identity color on brand equity. A self-administered questionnaire mainly consisted of BI color, brand image, and brand equity for underwear. Five underwear brands (Calvin Klein, Yes, Solb, Venus, and Body Guard) were selected based on the frequency they were purchased in pilot study. To collect data, respondents were asked to choose a brand which they were most familiar with, and to assess BI color, brand image, and brand equity including cognitive value, emotional value and purchase intention. A total of 228 usable questionnaires were obtained from consumers aged 19 to 46. BI colors were classified into four color groups: Achromatic (white, black, gray), Vivid (red, blue, yellow), Pink, and Beige. Additionally, underwear brand images consisted of four factors: Sophisticated, Classic, Casual, and Elegant images. Findings showed significant differences in the four factors of brand image and cognitive brand value between the BI color groups. Also, the factor of cognitive value was higher for achromatic or beige brand color groups, than for vivid or pink color groups. Also, brand image factors had positive effects on cognitive or emotional brand value. Especially, the factor of emotional value was more likely to increase purchase intentions than cognitive value in the BI color groups. The implications for managerial decision marking in fashion marketing strategy were also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.253-273
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• 1998

The culture reflects the ideology of a particular period in time and such values change according to the needs and requests of that time which eventually becomes an important factorin forming the exterior. The clothing is part of a way that composes and expresses the inherent substance of society and culture. Also, the clothing itself manifests the artistic values and behavior of mankind as an external structure maintaining its place as a big part in culture. The purpose of this study are to elucidat the concept of naturalism, which is discussed in many facets in the modern era; I studied the concept as well as the history of naturalism in order to manifest the meaning of clothing in the context of culture and I explained the concept in terms of the modern era. On such ground, I explained the naturalism expressed through clothing and characterized the exter-nal form of clothing. Also, in order to know the stream of naturalism in the modern context, I referred to the Vogue magazine of the 90s, using Delong's ABC method. Naturalism, in the context of modern fashion is a way to express the nostalgia of nature's vi-ability and purity of ecology apart from the artificial and structural appearance that resulted form scientific enhancement and hence, the ecological crisis. Naturalism pursues the soft- ness and comfort of the natural silhouette, color and material of the human body and it can be said that naturalism emphasizes the mix-ture of three substances : human, nature and clothing. The naturalism can be characterized by the factors expressed in clothing as follows. First, the naturalism shown in the form it-self draws the beauty of the bodyline without any reduction nor exaggeration. Without any distorttion of the human bodyline it shown the curve as one moves along, using the soft material. Second, the naturalism shown in color most-ly uses the natural tone with added white color and other color low in intensity and value like the receded colors of the earth that could be compared to the beauty of ecru. Third, the naturalism shown in the material is thin, light and soft in texture. In order to bring out the most natural curve of the human body, the natural fiber becomes the main material, sometimes, using crude materials. Due to the lindustrial improvement, softness and elasticity is added to the natural fibers giving them an important role as materials. Fourth, the naturalism shown in textile depicts the real natural objects in life. According to my study, the personality of naturalism in modern clothing was shown to be most strong in material and then in the order of form, texture and textile. The material com-posed of the natural silhouette and natural fibers were used to make soft color. In form, Paul Poiret made appearance expressing the natural beauty of the human body without the corset ; it continued with the inner lining making the clothing hard but in the 90s, lining-less, extremely exposed clothes and knit wear is used to emphasize the natural beauty of the body. In color and textile, the tendency spok-en above is not as strong but in color, instead of high intensity or value, the usage of neutral colors with added white color or ecru color, ear-th tone is increasing. In textile, the usage of flowers as natural material is seen frequently. As a whole, naturalistic trend in the 90s is increasing and the modern fashion is breaking out from the artificial and architectural form and conforming to a form that can realize the natural beauty of the human body. And the natural color and textile that conforms to such ideas are being used to pursue the human oriented trend that has appeared due to the increase in usage of soft natural fiber. Nowadays, the idea of returning to nature, defying the artificiality, desiring the leisure and psychological abundance that can be explained as naturalistic way of thinking is necessitated in this modern era as long as humans coexist with nature, this tendency will continue in clothing.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

It is different from the DongEuiBoGam(東醫寶鑑) of Korea traditional medicine that China BeunJungLonChi(中醫辨證論治) was made for the scientific and systematic assortment of China medicine. Symptom(症)is more important than symptom complex(證)in china BeunJungLonChi at DonEuBoGam. And unusual symptoms generally are diseases in DongEuiBoGam. DongEuiBoGam is emphasis on body form, temper, body color, pulse(形氣色脈) and the functional difference of organs by body form and body color. there are many problems in order to unify the theory of Korea traditional medicine by china BeunJungLonChi. I suggest that a new assortment that can combine Sasang constitutional medicine(四象醫學), Constitution-Acupuncture(體質針), and Hyungsang medicine(四象醫學) will be necessary. BeunJungLonChi : diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs, the cause, nature and location of the illness and the patient's physical condition according to the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate harmonious color schemes based on a length proportion of upper and lower parts of a body by; understanding of the harmonious length proportion of a square measure of a color in color coordination of fashion design, and presenting a mutual relation of the length proportion of a square measure of a color according to the various way of color schemes and proportions. For this study, monochromatic scheme, analogous scheme and complementary scheme were adapted as the color schemes, and each color scheme was coordinated by analogous tone and contrast tone. Also, 1:1 symmetry proportion, 1:2 harmonic proportion, 1:1.618 golden section, 1:3 and 1:5 contrast proportion were used as the square measure of a color. For the survey, 12 sets of color sample were organized. The survey was conducted 182 of university students majored in fashion design, and 143 responded samples were analyzed using SPSS 12. The result of the study is as follows: 1:5 contrast proportion is most inharmonious in general, and 1:1 symmetry proportion is followed. It is thought that too much or same length of the square measure of colors has less attractive effect of coloring. On the other hand, 1:1.618 golden section and 1:2 harmonic proportion are accepted to be harmonious in all color schemes. The length proportion of the square measure of a color had more influence on harmony of color coordination in fashion design rather than color schemes. Though, on the assumption that people have a similar perception about the color image of fashion design, it will play an important role in strengthening or diminution of color in cloth if the coloring effect of the length proportion of the square measure of a color is used in fashion design and wearing of clothes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

The matured female and male of A. signifer differed in external morphology and body color. There were significant differences in PAD, PAB, PMP and PQR between matured female and male. Green color was very widely distributed in whole as nuptial color, that is similar to green and cyan color in the body part, yellow color in the ventral part and red and yellow color in the tail part. The nuptial organ of A. signifer was formed in a cluster on the horny substance of both sides above the mouth. There were 25~30 nuptial organs in a side. The nuptial organs disappeared with crumbling down from middle part of nuptial organ after spawning period. The nuptial organs disappeared mostly in September as non spawning period and a part of the nuptial organs remained as a vestige in the edges of both sides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.9 s.109
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• pp.14-23
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the esthetic features of femme fatale character fashions, which are shown in Movie . The feature of evil femineity is the attribute of evil which brings men to ruin by the dangerous, cunning, and cruel trick, and is expressed in black color, red color, and slash fashion. This fashion shows the dark reverse side of women's sexual desire in relation to anxiety, evil, and death. The feature of sensuality evokes physical pleasures or desires, and maximizes the exposure of sexual regions by tightening or loosening women's body. In the fashion expressing this feature, the forms are fit or loose silhouette. and the colors are black and red. and the materials are soft. This fashion seems to deconstruct the past concept of sex consciousness and emphasize the independent and autonomous femineity. The feature of positiveness combines feminine elements with masculine elements in relation to power elements. This feature is expressed in tailored suit and trousers, with few patterns and details, and in black color and gray color. This fashion reflects the aggressive, challenging, and independent femineity, and expresses the potential defense for the weakness and danger of female body. The feature of purity expresses the earnest and truthful mind, and is expressed in the soft and light one-piece dress, the elegant suit, and the pink color and black color fashion. This fashion shows angel-like and reliable womanly beauty, but at the same time shows women's attribute which changes their behavior and thinking every moment, so that this fashion shows women's double-sided attribute which combines women's weakness and violence, or tenacity and conflict.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.501-516
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• 2017

Skin colors of females between the ages of 25-35 from Korea, China, and Vietnam were measured in Seoul, Beijing, and Hanoi using the Minolta CM-600d spectrophotometer. CIE Lab and Munsell HVC data of the face (forehead and both cheeks) and body (neck and arm) were analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Linear Regression Analysis, and K-Means Cluster Analysis using SPSS software. Korean females showed the highest L and V values for the face and body; Vietnamese females showed the highest b value in the face and the highest a value in the body. Higher L and b values for the face were related to higher L and b values of the body; this relationship was more prominent in Korean females. The younger age group (25-29) showed higher L values and lower b values than the older age group (30-35). Females from Korea, China, and Vietnam were grouped into Type 1 and Type 2 based on skin color. Type 1 had darker skin with more redness and yellowness and Type 2 had lighter skin with less redness and yellowness. A total of 88.2% of Korean females belonged to Type 2, 80.4% of Vietnamese females were Type 1, and Chinese females indicated an even distribution of Type 1 and Type 2.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2021

This study investigated the purchase status, wearing status, purchase satisfaction, selection criteria, and improvement marin leports wear for subjects who enjoy marine leisure sports in the southwestern region of Jeollanam-do, and examines the correlation between age and body type and the correlation between variables. SPSS Ver. 26.0 program was used for analysis. In the correlation between the motivation for participation and the selection criteria, when participating to increase physical strength, it was selected based on the fit. When participating for leisure or hobbies, they were selected based on design and color. The relationship between the selection criteria and purchase satisfaction was not satisfied in terms of price when they were selected based on activity or utilization of other uses. As for the selection criteria according to the body type, clothing was selected based on price and fashion for large triangles and squares, and elasticity for inverted triangles. As for the preferred color by age, only those in their 40s preferred blue and other age groups preferred achromatic color. In future studies, it is thought that a study on the preference of each marine leisure sports item should be conducted.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.320-327
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• 2013

In order to maintain and protect professionalism in color planning, the present study examined the process at the time of realization of color through color inspection and supervision in the actual construction site and suggested plans for improvement. Reflecting the characteristics that the governing body of the construction site is not a private person but an organization, the present study aims to provide institutional measures so that the supervisor of color construction at the actual site of construction can propose concerns related to proper construction at the right time, and the matters cannot be decided from the perspective of a layman. The institutional measures are proposed through the case of application of a process at the construction stage of the color planning at the construction site of Muju Taekwondo Park. First, the process clarified where the responsibility lies by specifying special conditions concerning color inspection on the field guide and color contract. Second, the sample for building materials was selected after obtaining it from a company capable of supply and is appropriate for the planned unit cost so that it could play an important role in realizing colors at the stage of basic design. Third, the process of construction was ensured not by temporary selection of colors but by continuous approval of colors in consideration of the conditions of construction site through letter of approval of color at each stage and point of time. Fourth, coordination of various color elements of other fields including landscape, interior, and electricity ensured construction of the whole structure in one color concept. Fifth, color inspection through the mock up of the site will minimize erroneous construction and reconstruction and prevent decrease in productivity. Sixth, this study also suggested more comfortable and positive color environment through evaluation by experts and users. The researcher of this study expects that color experts actively participate in the stage of construction to contribute to improvement of the color environment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.481-490
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• 2010

This study was conducted to characterize the morphological and behavior patterns of Sapsaree dogs. The population (n=8,256) has been constructed since 1990 over 12 generations and managed at the Sapsaree Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk province. Eighteen morphological and seven behavioral traits were investigated for 882 individuals. Linear models were applied for each trait by fitting sex, season of birth, hair color or test age. The averages of body weight, body length, body height, and depth of chest were $20.5{\pm}2.4\;kg$, $57.3{\pm}4.2\;cm$, $52.1{\pm}3.6\;cm$, and $21.1{\pm}2.4\;cm$, respectively. Males had greater estimated values than females for these body conformation traits. The chocolate Sapsarees had greater averages for body weight, body height and chest depth. The older animals (>2 years) had heavier body weight than younger animals. About 54, 69, 97, 39 and 83.3% of the Sapsarees had hairs with yellow color, straight, medium to long, untangled, and longer around eyes, respectively. Also, about 40% brown eye, 43% curly tail, 78% normal jaw, 86% no missing teeth, 90% no dewclaw, and >90% with black nose, pendent ear, tongue without spots were observed. About 95% males were normal in testicles state. The males performed significantly better than the females for majority of the behavioral traits. For nerve stability, affability, wariness, adaptability, sharpness, activity, and reaction during blood drawn about 79%, 73%, 76%, 61%, 70%, 48% and 81% of the Sapsarees performed at desired level. In general, the Sapsarees showed good characteristics for both morphological and behavioral traits, which can be exploited to use the Sapsaree breed as a companion or guide dog.