• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1272-1287
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• 2011

The purpose of this study were to investigate the influences of objectified body consciousness and body esteem on the weight and hair management behaviors of females. The questionnaires were administrated to 632 female residents of the Gwangju city, Korea. The SPSS for Windows 18.0 Statistics Package was used for data analysis. To verify the formulated hypotheses, descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$), regression analysis, path analysis were used. The results were as follows. First, objectified body consciousness was divided into three factors: body shame, body surveillance, and appearance control beliefs. objectified body consciousness turned out to have positive influences on overall weight management behaviors and hair management behaviors. Second, objectified body consciousness appeared to have positive influence on overall body esteem. When the influences were further examined, body surveillance turned out to have significant positive influence on body esteem, whereas body shame and appearance control beliefs seemed to have few significant influences on body esteem. Third, body esteem appeared to have significant positive influence on all weight management behaviors and hair management behaviors. Fourth, it was found that objectified body consciousness had direct impact on the weight management behaviors and hair management behaviors without mediation body esteem.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.434-440
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• 2024

SIZE KOREA updates body measurement data every five years, providing essential information for the fashion industry. This anthropometric data is widely used to diagnose consumer body shapes and develop optimal clothing sizes. Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, excels in predicting such body shape classifications. This study seeks to enhance the suitability of clothing design by applying the new analytical methodology of machine learning techniques to better capture and classify the unique body shapes of Korean women. In this study, machine learning techniques such as K-means clustering, Silhouette analysis, and Decision Tree analysis were used to classify the lower body shapes of Korean women in their twenties and identify standard body shapes useful for slacks design. The results showed that the lower body of the age group could be classified into three categories: 'small stature' (the majority), 'tall with an average lower body volume,' and 'medium height with a fuller lower body' (the smallest share). The three-cluster approach is validated through Silhouette analysis, which minimizes misclassification. Decision Tree analysis then further defines the criteria for these clusters, highlighting waist height and hip depth as the most significant factors, achieving a classification accuracy of 90.6%. While this study is not directly related to Robotic Process Automation, its detailed analysis of body shapes for slacks patterns can aid RPA in clothing production. Future research should continue integrating machine learning in human body and fashion design studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.672-686
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• 2022

The study classifies and analyzes the lower-body-shape types of female adolescents aged 14 to 16 years to provide meaningful information for making ready-to-wear patterns that are suitable for various female adolescent body types. The body-size data of 830 females aged 14 to 16 years were analyzed from 6th Size Korea anthropometric study. A factor analysis of 27 measurement items related to the lower body extracted 3 factors: waist/upper legs, height of the lower body, and hip area. A cluster analysis classified the female adolescent lower-body types into four clusters: the skinny body type with the shortest lower-body length, the most obese body type with the largest girth, the normal body type with the longest hip length, and the slender body type with the longest lower-body length. The discriminant analysis determined that nine measurement items had the most influence on classifying lower-body-shape types, and discriminant functions were derived. These results are meaningful because they provide more precise information about lower-body-shape types.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare somatotypes from various classification methods, to analyze the interrelation among each somatotype or each high frequency type, and to suggest the basis to interpret body size and shape more accurately. As a sample, the subjects were 97 Korean females between 18 and 24 years old. They were measured both anthropometric and photographic measuring in November, 1999. Their somatotypes were classified by three kinds of classification methods. The first method was based on the lateral view of body, the second involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body, and the third involved Factor and Cluster analysis with the anthropometric measurements of whole body. The upper body was classified into three types, and the lower body was classified into 6 types from the lateral view of body. The bend-forward/q-2 was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the lateral view of body', and the Straight/n-1 was found to be the 'Straight type from the lateral view of body'. From the classification by the analysis of photographic measurements, the anterior body was classified into three types, the lateral was classified into 4 types. The X/${\varepsilon}$ type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of photographic measurements of anterior and lateral body'. From the classification by the analysis of anthropometric measurements, the whole body was classified into three types. The i type was found to be the 'High-frequency type from the analysis of anthropometric measurements of whole body'. The significant interrelation was certified among some somatotypes or some High-frequency types. We found that both the view of body and the statistical analysis would make the clear definition of each somatotype possible. In order to certify the representativeness of High-frequency type, further analysis would be required of subjects who were in the High-frequency type and their body parts were in the High-frequency range.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2013

Data from 540 subjects (included in the obesity group whose BMI was over 25) was selected from 2,445 subjects in the $6^{th}$ Korean Body Size Survey. A total of 25 direct measurements were selected for the relevant literature lower body size measurement analysis, that included 9 components related to BMI, height and circumferences, 3 components related to width and thickness, 5 components related to length, 3 components related to height, and 2 other components. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis and variance analysis were executed using PASW 18.0 to analyze the data. In accordance with the factor analysis results to classify the lower body shape of overweight women in their 20s to 60s whose BMI was over 25, 4 factors were identified (lower body volume, leg volume, lower body length and leg length). A total of 4 lower body shapes of overweight women were found through cluster analysis using 4 factor scores from the factor analysis. Body Shape 1 had the largest lower body and leg volume. It was the heaviest group. Leg length was at a normal level. Body Shape 1 was 22.2% (122 subjects). Body Shape 2 had the longest legs and the smallest body shape; however, Body Shape 2 was the leg obesity group with the largest leg volume. It was 39.8% (215 subjects). Body Shape 3 had a smaller leg volume in proportion to the lower body thickness and a long lower body length. It comprised 27.8% (150 subjects). Body Shape 4 comprised 9.8% (53 subjects) with the shortest leg. Its lower body obesity was at a normal level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1075-1094
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• 2013

This study analyzed the lower body type of women aged 20 to 30 to understand their respective characteristics. The research method was restricted to the use of direct measurements data and 3D measurements data of the Sixth Size Korea. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's test, discriminant analysis, t-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were performed for the statistical analysis of the data using SPSS Win 20.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. Lower body type based on 3D measurements were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, long lower body, and small lower body). Lower body type based on direct measurements were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, thick and long lower body, and small lower body). Lower body type based on the direct measurement of sitting pose were classified into 3 types (obese lower body, long and thin lower body, and short lower body). The age differences in the lower body types could be analyzed by an evaluation of the 3D simulation of the lower body.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to classify lower body types of elementary school girls. The subjects for anthropometric study were 368 girls aged from 10 to 11. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis of the data. Four lower body construction factors were extracted by the factor analysis of antropometric measurements. The factors extracted were lower body fatness factor, lower body height factor, lower body length from the waist to the crotch factor, and lower body configuration factor. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different lower body types were categorized. Type 1 was short and small sized type and 42.4% of subjects belonged under this type. Type 2 was tall and fat type and 22.3% of subjects belonged under this type. Type 3 was the most similar to the average type having the largest waist-hip drop value and 35.3% of subjects belonged under this type. Discriminant analysis showed 7 discriminant factors that can classify the children's lower body type were Rohrer's index, height, fibulae length, waist girth, ilio cristale girth, trochanter girth, and weight.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.597-616
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• 2021

Purpose: This study's objective was to investigate the effects of programs that improve adolescents' body image, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search was performed in eleven electronic databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Population characteristics, contents of the programs, and measured outcomes were systematically reviewed from 21 selected studies. To estimate the size of the effects, meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: The contents of the programs that aimed to improve body image included physical, psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural interventions. Sixteen studies were meta-analyzed to estimate the effect size of body-image improvement programs. Results showed that the program for body-image improvement had significant effects on body satisfaction (effect size [ES] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.89), and body dissatisfaction (ES = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.23 to - 0.08). Conclusion: The program for body image improvement in adolescents includes a combination of physical, psychological, interpersonal relationship, and socio-cultural dimensions. The program that seeks to improve body image appears to be effective at increasing body satisfaction, and at reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply multidimensional programs for adolescents to have a positive body image.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.22-35
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• 2022

This study examines the image pursuit behavior according to body surveillance, body shame of image-based SNS-used women. Questionnaires were administered to 215 SNS-used women aging between 20 to 30 years old. The SPSS 25.0 package was utilized for data analysis, which included frequency analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's α, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The study analyzed the relationship between body surveillance, body shame single factor, and subfactors of image pursuit behavior(conformity, instrumentality, fashion pursuit, attractiveness pursuit, ostentation pursuit, interpersonal). It was observed that body surveillance and body shame had a positive influence on all the factors of image pursuit behavior. Body surveillance demonstrated a high influence on attractiveness pursuit while body shame demonstrated a high influence on ostentation pursuit. Body surveillance had a positive influence on body shame. These results provide useful information for understanding the influence of social media on the psychological attitude and consciousness of women with regard to their body and image pursuit behavior. In addition, results from this study will help to systematize women's theoretical physical consciousness, establish product strategies for physical appearance-related industries, and set marketing directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.65-72
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between body-calthexis and clothing image preferences in male college students. The sample included 28 male college students and an instrument was developed based on the previous studies. The statistical analyses used for this study were factor analysis cluster analysis and t-test. The result of factor analysis showed that body-cathexis consisted of four areas of body parts: face/head upper body middle body and lower/total body. Clothing image preferences consisted of 'strong vs weak' 'soft vs hard' 'young vs mature' 'mannis vs feminine' and 'distinguished vs undistinguished' images. Cluster analysis revealed that male college students are segmented into two groups. and the two groups differed in regard to clothing image preferences such as 'strong vs weak' 'young vs mature' and 'mannish vs feminine' images. In addition the two consumer segments were different concerning body-cathexis for middle body and all body areas combined. The consumers who preferred feminine weak and mature clothing images were more satisfied with their middle area of the bodies and all body areas combined.