• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.659-663
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• 1998

Portal bood flow was measured with pulsed Doppler ultrasound in twenty anesthetized dogs. In anesthetized dogs with xylazine HCl, the average of portal blood flow velocity was reduced($11.68{\pm}1.55cm/sec$ vs. normal $16.67{\pm}1.77cm/sec$). Average portal blood flow was also decreased compared to normal($28.36{\pm}11.61ml/min/kg$ vs. normal $43.12{\pm}14.46 ml/min/kg$). And congestion index was increased($0.0368{\pm}0.0117cm{\cdot}sec$) vs. normal $0.0297{\pm}0.0062cm{\cdot}sec$). In anesthetized dogs with ketamine HCl, portal blood flow velocity was slightly increased ($22.62{\pm}2.53cm/sec$ vs. normal $16.67{\pm}1.77cm/sec$. Also mean portal blood flow was slightly increased($43.12{\pm}14.46ml/min/kg$ vs. normal $55.32{\pm}19.99ml/min/kg$). In anesthetized dogs with tiletamine and zolazepam, portal blood flow velocity and portal blood flow were unchanged.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1996

Stellate ganglion block(SGB) improves cutaneous blood flow of the head and neck region and upper extremity. For this reason, SGB has been performed in neural and circulatory disorders. But there is controversy on the cerebral blood flow regulation by sympathetic innervation. We investigated the hypothesis that cerebral blood flow could be affected by blocking ipsilateral sympathetic innervation of cerebral blood flow could be affected by blocking ipsilateral sympathetic innervation of cerebral vasculature. In 10 volunteers, the blood flow velocity and pulsatility index(PI) of middle cerebral artery(MCA) was measured using Transcranial Doppler Flowmeter, before and 15 minutes after SGB, at block side and opposite side. The blood flow velocity of MCA at block side was increased from $62.60{\pm}7.60$ cm/s to $72.80{\pm}8.01$ cm/s(P<0.01) and the PI at block side decreased from $0.75{\pm}0.12$ to $0.60{\pm}0.11$(P<0.05). But the blood flow velocity and PI at opposite side did not change. This study demonstrated that the cerebral blood flow could be increased by SGB, the preganglionic nerve fibers of which synapse with other cervical sympathetic ganglions.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.716-723
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in blood velocity(mm/sec) when compression and/or heat were applied to the knee joint for the elderly who has both normal and painful legs with osteoarthritis(OA). Experimental compression knee band was prepared from the 3D knee data of the average women in 60's. 3D replica of knee was reduced by 7, 10, and 13% from the nude pattern in course direction. Clothing pressure was measured at the front and back of each healthy and painful knee of elderly women for one minute while standing and sitting on the chair. Blood velocity was measured at 13 cm upper from the mid-patella for 15 minutes. Results are as follows: first, compression or heating treatment itself did not change blood velocity of both legs; second, combination treatment with heating and compression was effective to increase blood velocity. In details, for healthy legs, combination treatments with compression by 10% reduced pattern(about 1.3kPa) and heating($43^{\circ}C$) induced the maximal blood velocity, however, for knees with OA, 7% reduced pattern(about 1.0kPa) with simultaneous heating($43^{\circ}C$) was more effective than other cases. These results indicated that pain and spasticity of knee joint with OA could be reduced by applying heat and compression therapy, where the compression level of painful knee should be slightly lower than of healthy leg.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible role for cranial artery velocity in cervicogenic headache. Methods: We studied 13 patients with cervicogenic headaches (M=9, F=4, age=$24.50{\pm}3.50\;y$) these were compared to 20 normal subjects (M=10, F=10, age=$23.30{\pm}2.90\;y$). Cervicogenic headache patients were divided into two groups (a myofascial relaxation group, a placebo group). Pain levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound recordings were used to measure blood flow velocity in the cranial artery. Results: Cervicogenic headache patients exhibited a significantly lower blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery. The patients who received an intervention had a significantly higher blood flow velocity in the left middle cerebral artery, right vertebral artery and basilar artery. Compared to the placebo group, the myofascial relaxation group exhibited a significantly decreased level of pain. Conclusion: Cervicogenic headache is pain referred to the head from a source in the cervical spine. Manual therapy affect to cervical spine and soft tissue as well as the passage of these vessels and nerves to recover because it is thought to be able to help.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2003

As endothelial cells are subject to flow shear stress, it is important to determine the detailed velocity distribution in microvessels in the study of mechanical interactions between blood and endothelium. This paper describes a velocity field of the arteriole in the rat mesentery using an intravital microscope and high-speed digital video system obtained by a highly accurate PIV technique. Red blood cells (RBCs) velocity distributions with spatial resolutions of $0.8{\times}0.8{\mu}m$ were obtained even near the wall in the center plane of the arteriole. By making ensemble-averaged time-series of velocity distributions, velocity profiles over different cross-sections were calculated for comparison. The shear rate at the vascular wall also evaluated on the basis of the ensemble-averaged profiles. It was shown that the velocity profiles were blunt in the center region of the vessel cross-section while they were steep in the near wall region. The wall shear rates were significantly small, compared with those estimated from the Poiseuille profiles.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect given to the variable details which disturb the flow of blood in brain artery disease through Aerobic exercises. It chose the subjects of study : 5 persons in an exercise group and 5 persons in a non-exercise group. Peak brain blood velocity, mean velocity, and resistance & artery stricture ratio were measured with TCD, measure machine for brain artery blood flow. The conclusion of the study was as follows: 1. At pre-test of an exercises group and a non-exercise group, PBV, MBV, BRI, ASI of a non-exercise group were showed much lower in the variation of left common carotid artery(LCCA). 2. At post-test of an aerobic exercises group and a non-exercise group, PBV, MBV, BRI, ASI of a non-exercise group were showed just a little decrease ratio but were not significant different in the variation of left common carotid artery(LCCA). Viewing on the base of these result, continuing exercises promote the functional improvement of the heart blood system and were showed the positive variation of artery stricture ratio according to brain blood flow velocity, the pulse and resistance or blood velocity. Therefore programs for prescriptions through aerobic exercises must be developed in many ways.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.516-519
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• 2001

환자를 진단하는데 있어 중풍, 고혈압, 동맥경화, 고지혈증 등 혈관 질환에 대해서 혈류에 관한 정보는 매우 중요하다. 초음파를 이용하여 혈류 속도를 측정하는 방법에는 연속 도플러 시스템과 펄스 도플러 시스템으로 나뉘어진다. 펄스 도플러 시스템은 혈류의 위치정보를 얻을 수 있지만, 연속 도플러 시스템에 비해 하드웨어적으로 복잡하고 신호대 잡음비가 낮으므로 본 연구에서는 신뢰적인 정보를 얻을 수 있는 연속 도플러 시스템을 이용하였다. 본 시스템은 크게 아날로그 부와 디지털 부로 나뉘어진다. 아날로그 부는 초음파 신호의 발생부, 초음파 센서로 수신된 신호를 증폭하는 증폭부와 혈류의 도플러 신호를 검출하는 복조부, 잡음 제거를 위한 필터부분으로 구성되어 있다. 디지털 부는 검출된 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환하는 부분, 디지털 신호처리 부분 그리고 개인용 컴퓨터(Personal Computer)와 통신하는 부분으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 초음파 혈류 속도 측정 시스템을 구현함으로써 환자의 혈류 정보를 실시간으로 인을 수 있으므로 뇌혈류 측정 등에 사용되는 전산화 단층 환영장치(Computered Tomography), 자기 공명 영상 촬영장치(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)와 같은 장비와 더불어 보다 정확한 진단을 하는데 유용하다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine whether percutaneous interferential current stimulation on thoracic sympathetic ganglia with amplitude modulated frequency (AMF) $90\~100$ bps and subthreshold of muscle contraction for 10 minutes on peripheral blood flow velocity in healthy subjects. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers were assigned randomly into an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=12). the experimental group received interferential current stimulation with subthreshold of the muscle contraction of current at AMF $90\~100$ bps on $1st\~5th$ thoracic sympathetic ganglial region for 10 minutes. The control group received same handling and electode placement, but no current was applied. Using a Doppler blood flow meter, the radial arterial blood flow velocities and the pulse raters were determined for two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures on time and group. There were no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the changes in arterial blood flow velocity and pulse rate over the four measurement times. Interferential current stimulation did not change in mean blood flow velocity and pulse rate. We conclude that interferential current stimulation on the thoracic sympathetic ganglia, as used in this study, did not dilate peripheral artery. This results suggests that interferential current stimulation dose not alter the activtiy of sympathetic nerve.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1182-1188
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• 2005

An x-ray PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique was developed to measure quantitative information on flows inside opaque conduits and on opaque-fluid flows. At first, the developed x-ray PIV technique was applied to flow in an opaque Teflon tube. To acquire x-ray images suitable for PIV velocity field measurements, refraction-based edge enhancement mechanism was employed using detectable tracer particles. The optimal distance between with the sample and detector was experimentally determined. The resulting amassed velocity field data were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical prediction. The x-ray PIV technique was also applied to blood flow in a microchannel. The flow pattern of blood was visualifed by enhancing the diffraction/interference -bas ed characteristic s of blood cells on synchrotron x-rays without any contrast agent or tracer particles. That is, the flow-pattern image of blood was achieved by optimizing the sample (blood) to detector distance and the sample thickness. Quantitative velocity field information was obtained by applying PIV algorithm to the enhanced x-ray flow images. The measured velocity field data show a typical flow structure of flow in a macro-scale channel.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2015

혈류는 신체 안에서 일정한 속도와 압력으로 흘러야하기 때문에 혈류속도는 개개인의 건강상태를 나타내주는 측정 가능한 주요지시자이다. 최근, 혈류속도는 고가의 초음파기기를 이용하여 측정되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고가의 장비 없이 혈류속도를 예측하고자 3개의 센서(ECG, PPG, 맥진센서)를 이용한 측정치를 독립변수로 하는 회귀모델을 구축하였다. 실험에 참여한 피검자는 심장질환에 의한 동맥경화 증상으로 병원에 입원한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 피검자들의 나이는 55-90 세이며, 남성은 7명, 여성은 4명으로 총 11명이다. 실험에서 독립변수와 초음파기기로 측정한 혈류속도 사이의 상관성과 유의확률을 비교하여 혈류속도의 예측 가능성이 높은 회귀모델을 도출하였으며, 1개의 센서를 이용한 단일 독립변수를 적용하는 경우보다 두 개 이상의 독립변수를 적용하는 경우에서 정확한 혈류속도 예측이 가능함을 확인하였다.