• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.57-60
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• 1995

The objective of this investigation is to understand the role of hemodynamics in the formation and development of atherosclerosis lesions in the human left coronary artery This study also aims to compare the blood flow characteristics of steady and physiological flows. Three dimensional, steady and physiological flows of blood in the left coronary artery are simulated using the Finite Volume Method. Apparent viscosity of blood is represented as a function of shear rate by the Carreau model. Distributions of velocity, pressure and shear stress in tile left coronary artery bifurcation are presented to compare tile steady and physiological flow characteristics.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3607-3619
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• 1996

Experimental and numerical studies for three-dimensional pulsatile flows are conducted to investigate the flow characteristics in the bifurcated tubes. Velocity measurements in experimental study were made by both Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound(PDU) machine and Laser Doppler Anemometer(LDA) system. Glycerin is used for experimental study. Experimental results are used to verify the results of the numerical simulation. Flow characteristics of Newtonian fluid and blood in the bifurcated tubes under the steady and pulsatlie flows are numerically investigated. Finite volume method is employed for three-dimensional numerical simulations. Blood is considered as a non-Newtonian fluid and the constitutive equation of blood is used for the numerical analysis. Numerical analyses are focused on the flow patterns for various branch angles ranging from 30.deg. to 90.deg. and diameter ratios such as 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6. Pulsatile flow characteristics of blood are compared with those of Newtonian fluid. Parameter effects on axial velocity, pressure and wall shear stress distribution along the bifurcated tubes are discussed in terms of the branch angle, diameter ratio, and Reynolds number.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.317.2-318
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• 2003

The current study was performed to observe the effect of Sun Ginseng (SG) on hemodynamics such as blood flow rate (BF), blood flow velocity (BV), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body temperature (BT) in healthy young men. This is a randomized, single-blind study observed during 6 hrs after orally single administration of SG. (omitted)

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2014

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is used to non-invasively estimate the severity of arteriosclerosis by measuring the patient's arterial stiffness comparing with each normal reference range according to their ages. Increased arterial stiffness is closely related to both atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, which have been known for causes of cardiovascular disease and stroke, also negatively affects the prognosis and the re-occurrence in patients with stroke. The study is focused on how brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is related to cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with acute stroke. There were 114 subjects, 69 males and 45 females, all in their 60's and had PWV test for acute stroke. The results are as follows: the group with increased arterial stiffness showed significant increase in HbAlc, total cholesterol, RSBP (resting systolic blood pressure), CSBP (central systolic blood pressure) and CDBP (central diastolic blood pressure). Cross tabulation test showed that there was a significant relationship only between the group with increased arterial stiffness and diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, it might be useful for preventing re-occurrence and making a favorable prognosis to promptly adjust DM and hypertension-related risk factors in patients with acute stroke.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2000

Head-out water immersion induces marked increase in the cardiac stroke volume. The present study was undertaken to characterize the stroke volume change by analyzing the aortic blood flow and left ventricular systolic time intervals. Ten men rested on a siting position in the air and in the water at $34.5^{circ}C$ for 30 min each. Their stroke volume, heart rate, ventricular systolic time intervals, and aortic blood flow indices were assessed by impedance cardiography. During immersion, the stroke volume increased 56%, with a slight (4%) decrease in heart rate, thus cardiac output increased ${\sim}50%.$ The slight increase in R-R interval was due to an equivalent increase in the systolic and diastolic time intervals. The ventricular ejection time was 20% increased, and this was mainly due to a decrease in pre-ejection period (28%). The mean arterial pressure increased 5 mmHg, indicating that the cardiac afterload was slightly elevated by immersion. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume index increased 24%, indicating that the cardiac preload was markedly elevated during immersion. The mean velocity and the indices of peak velocity and peak acceleration of aortic blood flow were all increased by ${\sim}30%,$ indicating that the left ventricular contractile force was enhanced by immersion. These results suggest that the increase in stroke volume during immersion is characterized by an increase in ventricular ejection time and aortic blood flow velocity, which may be primarily attributed to the increased cardiac preload and the muscle length-dependent increase in myocardial contractile force.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.950-961
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare cerebral biood flow between hypertensives and normotensives using transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD). Methods : I investigated cerebral blood flow of 72 hypertensives and 127 normotensives. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, I measured the systolic peak velocity(Vs) and mean How velocity (Vm) of the middle cerebral artery(MCA), anterior cerebral artery(ACA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), basilar artery(BA), and internal carotid artery(ICA) in the two groups using TCD. Result : 1. There was a decrease in the Vs and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. There was a significant difference in the Vs of ACA and Vm of ACA, PCA, ICA. 2. In males, there was a decrease in the Vs of ACA, PCA, ICA and Vm of MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. However, there was no significant difference in the Vs or Vm of all examined vessels. 3. In females, there was a decrease in the Vs and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. There was a significant difference in the Vs of MCA, ACA and BA and Vm of ACA, PCA and BA. 4. In 30-49 year-olds, there was a decrease in the Vs and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. There was a significant difference in the Vs of ACA and Vm of ACA. 5. In 50-69 year-olds, there was a decrease in the Vs of ACA, PCA, BA, ICA and Vm of all examined vessels of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. However, there was no significant difference in the Vs or Vm of all examined vessels. 6. In 70-89 vests old. there was a decrease in the Vs. Vm of PCA, BA, ICA of hypertensives in comparison with normotensives. But, there was no significant difference in the Vs, Vm of all examined vessels. Conclusions : There was a significant difference in the cerebral blood now velocity between hypertensives and normotcnsives. These results suggest that blood pressure has influence on cerebral blood flow.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.164-175
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• 2021

Objectives: The LI11 (Quchi) acupuncture point has always been included in the Seven acupoints for stroke; however, additional LI11 acupuncture research is needed. In this study, the effect of LI11 acupuncture on cerebral blood flow of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) was investigated. Method: This study included 10 healthy young male subjects. Cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity were measured using transcranial Doppler sonography. Changes in hyperventilation-induced carbon dioxide (CO₂) reactivity and modified ACA and MCA blood flow velocity at 40 mmHg (CV40), blood pressure, and heart rate were observed before and after LI11 acupuncture treatment. Results: A statistically significant increase in contralateral anterior cerebral artery CO₂ reactivity (p=0.036) and decrease in contralateral middle cerebral artery CV40 (p=0.047) were observed. No significant difference in mean blood pressure was shown. A statistically significant increase in heart rate occurred after LI11 acupuncture; however, it was not clinically significant as there were negligible changes in the heart rhythm. Conclusions: LI11 acupuncture treatment could improve cerebral blood flow velocity. These results might be explained by regulating endothelium-dependent vessel dilation in the anterior cerebral artery region. Trial registration: This trial has been registered with Clinical Research Information Service, a service of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: KCT0004494 (retrospectively registered). https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=15359

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 1986

Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler system is a useful diagnostic instrument to measure blood-flow-velocity, velocity profile, and volume-blood-flow. This system is more powerful compare with 2-dimensional B-scan tissue image. A system has been deve- loped and ii being evaluated using TMS 32010 DSP. We use this DSP for the purpose of real-time spectrum analyzer to obtain spectrogram in singlegate pulsed Doppler system and for the serial comb filter to cancel clutter and zero crossing counter to estimate Doppler mean frequency in multigate pulsed Doppler system. The Doppler shift of the backscattered signals is sensed in a phase detector. This Doppler signal corresponds to the mean velocity over a some region in space defined by the ultrasonic beam dimensions, transmitted pulse duration, and transducer ban(iwidth. Multi- gate pulsed Doppler system enable the transcutaneous and simultaneous assessment of the velocities in a number of adjacent sample volumes as a continuous function of time. A multigate pulsed Doppler system processing the information originating from presented.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2000

The preventive effects of sodium molybdate on the acute toxicity of lead were studied by investigating tissue accumulation of lead, changes of nerve conduction velocity and concentrations of metabolites related to function of sciatic nerve in rats treated with lead, sodium molybdate and both, respectively. In lead-intoxicated rat, the conduction velocity, myo-inositol concentration and $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity of sciatic nerve were decreased by about 33 %, 48 % and 58 %, respectively. However, sodium molybdate treatment significantly normalized the conduction velocity, $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity and myo-inositol concentration of sciatic nerve in lead-intoxicated rat. Also, sodium molybdate treatment decreased the contents of lead in blood and sciatic nerve through promotion of urinary excretion of lead. But sodium molybdate treatment did not affect the glucose concentration in sciatic nerve. These results suggest that sodium molybdate prevented peripheral neuropathy not only by reducing lead contents in sciatic nerve and blood, but also by enhancing $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity in sciatic nerve.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Pulse diagnosis refers to the process of diagnosing a patient by feeling an artery on the wrist based on the shape that the pulse take s while the hold-down pressure increase. The styloid process artery on the wrist is usually felt, and the pulse is taken on Chon, Gwan and Cheok using three fingers. This study is to examine the structural difference in the location of pulse diagnosis by measuring and analyzing blood diameter, blood depth, and blood flow velocity of the location of pulse diagnosis by using ultrasonic wave (VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical, U.S.A). This study also attempted to grasp whether the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed their correlation with Oriental medical pulse diagnosis. The male subjects without cardiovascular diseases were divided into the normal BMI group, the underweight group and the overweight group and 10 people of each group were measured, Blood depth, blood diameter and blood flow velocity at the location of pulse diagnosis (Chon, Gwan, Cheok) of the wrists of left and right hands were measured and the pulse wave was measured by using pulse diagnosis instrument (3-D Mac, DaeyoMedi, Korea).The results of this study showed that the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on the degrees of obesity, and the characteristics of floating pulse and sinking pulse of Oriental medical pulses were related to the degrees of obesity. This shows that the characteristics of the blood vessels of subjects and BMI information are the major indicators for diagnosis and are the matters that must always be considered when developing the algorithm of pulse diagnosis.