• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.582-595
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• 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of acupuncture at GV20 and EX-HN1 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) and to compare the effects to acupuncture at GV20. Methods: The study was a randomized, crossover trial that included 10 healthy men aged 20 to 29 years who underwent acupuncture treatment four times with a washout period of one week. The CBF velocity and CVR were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) on both MCAs at the first and second visits, and both ACAs at the third and fourth visits. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (A and B) before the first and third visits. Group A received two phases of acupuncture intervention at a single GV20 point and a combination of GV20 and EX-HN1 acupoints. Group B received the same interventions, but in the reverse order. Results: The increase in CO₂ reactivity was significantly higher for the combination acupoints of GV20 and EX-HN1 than for the GV20 single acupoint in both MCAs (Right: 136 to 178, p=0.017; Left: 127 to 191, p=0.017) and ACAs (Right: 133 to 158, p=0.013; Left: 122 to 168, p=0.025). No significant change was noted in the corrected velocity at PETCO₂ 40 mmHg, blood pressure, or heart rate. Conclusions: The findings suggest that improvement of the CBF in the MCA and ACA after GV20 acupuncture increases when acupuncture is also performed at EX-HN1. These results clinically support the combined use of EX-HN1 and GV20 to treat disorders of MCA and ACA circulation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.581-595
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of carbon disulfide on blood pressure, the BP measurements in the periodic health examination results and the medical records of factory clinic were reviewed. The study subjects were composed of 1336 male and 544 female workers, who were categorized into three groups by the exposure status-highly exposed, moderately exposed and non-exposed group. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The age-adjusted mean systolic and diastolic BP of male workers were 122.35 mmHg/79.11 mmHg in highly exposed, 121.57mmHg/79.05mmHg in moderately exposed and 122.67mmHg/82.27mmHg in non-exposed group. For female workers, BPs were 115.13mmHg/74.49mmHg in moderately exposed and 113.48mmHg/74.30mmHg in non-exposed group. 2. In multiple regression analysis of maximum BP against Age and tenure, the slope coefficients of age and tenure on the systolic BP were 0.379, 0.667 respectively and those on the diastolic BP were 0.331, 0.405 respectively in highly exposed male workers. Tenure was a significant variable in this study. For female workers, however the slope coefficients of tenure on BP were significant only for systolic BP of moderately-exposed group. 3. In multiple regression analysis of Bp against age, cumulative exposure index (CEI), cholesterol, all the variables showed significant slope coefficients in male, but age and CEI on systolic BP were significant for female workers (p<0.05). 4. In the multiple analysis of the amount of Bp change and the velocity of Bp change among male workers, the slope coefficients of tenure tended to increase as exposure level increased. Among female workers, the slope coefficients of tenure were significant on the amount of Bp change and the velocity of Bp change in moderately exposed group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 2000

The aim of study was to evaluated the possible role of cranial artery velocity in headache pathogenesis. The present study was studied of five headache(F=5. Mean $age=29.80\pm6.76yrs$) were compared to 4 controls(F=4, Mean $age=29.00\pm5.48yrs$). Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) is a new non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate flow velocities of the intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries. TCD was performed with standard method to measure the mean Flow Velocity(MFV) of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral and the basilar artery. We reviewed the whole TCD results performed at Taejon Veterans Hospital from October. 11. 2000 to November. 10. 2000. Mean flow velocities in headaches and controls at their 6 decades are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $41.25pm1.71cm/sec$ in lent PCA (P<0.01), $50,000\pm23.07cm/sec$ and $82.75\pm15.59cm/sec$ in right MCA(P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.82cm/sec$ and $45.50\pm4.51cm/sec$ in fight PCA(P<0.01). $26.60\pm4.56cm/sec$ and $38.25\pm4.92cm/sec$ in right VAC(P<0.01). After treatment for 2 weeks, mean of velocity on pre treatment and post treatment and post treatment are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $38.20\pm5.81cm/sec$ in left PCA (P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.827cm/sec$ and $39.20\pm5.54cm/sec$ in right PCA(P<0.05), $40.60\pm9.18cm/sec$ in right VA(P<0.01). It is concluded that Electrical Therapy for two weeks was effected to promote Mean Flow of Velocity in cranial artery. Mean of velocity in cranial artery with headaches observed in this study was lower than controls, but MFV was promote after treatment for 2 weeks.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

The use of music as a means of inducing positive emotions and subsequent relaxation has been extensively studied by researchers. A great deal of this research has focussed on the use of music as a means of reducing feelings of anxiety and stress as well as aiding in the relief of numerous pathologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this effect of music using laser doppler flowmeter that monitors relative changes in the muscular blood cell perfusion, concentration of moving blood cells, mean velocity of the myofascial pain disorder patients. Total of 30 subjects were selected. They were monitored by LDF(Laser Doppler Flowmeter) during music listening for 3 minutes. LDF probe was placed over the temporalis muscle. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The average blood perfusion for 3 minutes of music listening at surface of temporalis muscles were elevated on both affected and unaffected parts compared to rest time. 2. The average of blood perfusion elevated during music listening at surface of temporalis muscles were higher in affected part than unaffected part. 3. Increase of blood perfusion during music listening is proportioin to that before music listening. In summary, these results may encouraging start to the elucidation of the hemodynamic events occuring during music listening and aimed to serve as a base for further studies.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 1998

Background and Purpose : Cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR) can be estimated by measuring the change of cerebral blood flow that occurs during vasostimulation. To estimate the cerebrovascular reactivity, we investigated the change of flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery(MCA) during hyperventilation and hypoventilation with the transcranial doppler. So we studied whether the CVR measured by this method could show a significant difference between the normal and the cerebral infarction subjects and whether the CVR may decrease with age in normal subjects. Methods : Using transcranial doppler, we measured the mean velocity(Vm), the pulsatility index(P.I.) at the resting state, the end of breath-holding and the end of hyperventilation in 36 normal and 10 cerebral infarction subjects, so we calculated the percentile change of mean velocity(%${\Delta}$Vm) and P.I.(%${\Delta}$P.I.) after the vasostimulation. We estimated the change of Vm, P.I., %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. by the age group and compared those parameters between the age-matched normal control and cerebral infarction subjects. Results : The Vm in MCA significantly decreased with age(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Vm and P.I. between normal and cerebral infarction subjects. The %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. in response to hyperventilation significantly decreased with age in MCA and there was significant difference in $%{\Delta}Vm$ of MCA after breath-holding between the normal and cerebral infarction subjects. Conclusion : The breath-holding and hyperventilation tests could be non-invasive and useful methods in estimation of the cerebrovascular reactivity and could be applied in the basal and follow-up evaluation of the cerebrovascular reserve of the ischemic stroke patients.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Early age at menarche, which is indicator of early biological maturity, has been shown to be associated with increased adult body mass index. Early menarche has also been associated with many cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome. To evaluate the impact of menarche to cardiovascular risk factor, we assessed by age at menarche, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which represents arterial stiffness, in women with or without metabolic syndrome. The subjects recruited for this study were three hundred one women. Relatively early menarche and relatively late menarche were classified according to less than $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively early menarche, and great than the $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively late menarche. Subject were divided four group, 1) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 2) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche, 3) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 4) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche. Women who had a relatively early menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome had significantly high levels of blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than women with late menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome, and had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels. And also, women who underwent a relatively early menarche with metabolic syndrome had highest level of baPWV in adult. In this study we found effect of age at menarche on adulthood metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., baPWV, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia) in Korean women.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.130-134
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• 2013

The clip-type pulsimeter equipped with a magnetic sensing Hall device and the most popular body sign of the electrocardiogram (ECG) were investigated in order to analyze the pulse wave velocity (PWV). The PWV simultaneously calculated by means of time difference between the maximum peak of ECG pulse wave and the starting point of radial artery pulse wave, and distance difference between the heart position and the radial wrist position. The PWV analyzed from the clinical data was a wider scope of 5~7 m/s with an average value of 6 m/s. By the prediction of blood vessel's elasticity from the analysis of PWV, it may be useful for developing an oriental-western diagnostic medical signal device for a U-health-care system in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2003

목적 : 심초음파는 비침습적이므로 반복적으로 정확히 심질환의 경과를 관찰하여 치료효과 및 수술시기를 정할 수 있는 검사로서 임상적으로 매우 유용하다. 실시간 심근조영심초음파에 의한 time intensity 평가는 부위별로 수행됨으로 연속적으로 위치하는 관심영역이 intensity에 있어 심장의 움직임 변화에 영향을 받는다. Time intensity 곡선의 최적의 곡선맞춤을 위해 주기적인 심장 운동 매개변수를 조합해 기존의 모델을 보정한 안정적인 측정방법을 제시한다. 방법 : 심장의 운동에 의한 특징적인 정보를 설명하기 위해 기존의 문헌에 제시된 지수 함수에 주어진 심박수로 만들어진 시간에 관한 일반적인 정형파 함수를 추가한다. C(t) = A[1 - exp($\beta$t)] + Dsine(2$\pi$ft + $\theta$) C(t): videointensity A: plateau videointensity (blood volume) $\beta$: capillary blood velocity (rate constant of rise in videointensity) t: pulsing interval (ms) D: displacement from the periodic variance of the curve (estimated motion field from the ejection point for the ratio between systole and diastole) f: heart rate $\theta$: transit time issue A $\times$ $\beta$ : myocardial blood flow 관상동맥의 관류 데이터에 대한 실험이 펄스간격에 대한 비디오 세기로 수행되었다. 그리고 이러한 결과들이 the sum of squares due to error, R square, root mean squared error로 평가되었다. 결과 : 실험결과, 주기적인 심장의 움직임과 심박출 시점으로부터의 변위를 잘 기술하고 곡선에서의 측정 점들이 예측된 심장 움직임에 따라 성공적으로 표시되었다. 뿐만 아니라 보정된 모델이 현저한 적합도의 향상을 보여주었다. 결론 : 제시된 접근방법은 각각의 측정에서 심장 운동 영역의 변화에 독립적이며 측정 시점에 의해 영향받지 않고 심근 관류의 안정적인 측정이 가능하다. 심장의 움직임에 관한 매개변수를 조합한 모델로 곡선접합을 수행함으로써 관류의 정량적 정보를 좀더 정확하게 얻을 수 있으며 임상적 이용을 가능하게 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6407-6412
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• 2015

Purpose: To predict prostatic carcinoma using a logistic regression model on prebiopsy peripheral blood samples. Materials and Methods: Data of a total of 873 patients who consulted Urology Outpatient Clinics of Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital between February 2008 and April 2014 scheduled for prostate biopsy were screened retrospectively. PSA levels, prostate volumes, prebiopsy whole blood cell counts, neutrophil and platelet counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), biopsy results and Gleason scores in patients who had established diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) were evaluated. Results: This study was performed on a total of 873 cases, with an age range 48-76 years, divided into three groups as for biopsy results. with diagnoses of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n=304, 34.8 %), PCa (n=265, 30.4 %) and histological prostatitis (n=304; 34.8 %). Intra- and intergroup comparative evaluations were performed. White blood cell and neutrophil counts in the histological prostatitis group were significantly higher than those of the BPH and PCa groups (p=0.001; p=0.004; p<0.01). A statistically significant intergroup difference was found for PLR (p=0.041; p<0.05) but not lymphocyte count (p>0.05). According to pairwise comparisons, PLR were significantly higher in the PCa group relative to BPH group (p=0.018, p<0.05, respectively). Though not statistically significant, higher PLR in cases with PCa in comparison with the prostatitis group was remarkable (p=0.067, and p>0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Meta-analyses showed that in patients with PSA levels over 4 ng/ml, positive predictive value of PSA is only 25 percent. Therefore, novel markers which can both detect clinically significant prostate cancer, and also prevent unnecessary biopsies are needed. Relevant to this issue in addition to PSA density, velocity, and PCA3, various markers have been analyzed. In the present study, PLR were found to be the additional predictor of prostatic carcinoma.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.593-599
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• 2008

This research was aimed to examine the effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix extract on the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) and norepinephrine - induced arterial contraction in rabbit. In order to investigate the effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix on rabbit's contracted vascular ring detached from common carotid artery, vascular ring with intact or damaged endothelium was used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced relaxation, Polygoni Multiflori Radix extract was infused into contracted vascular ring which had been pretreated by $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA), Methylene blue(MB), and $Ca^{2+}$ was infused into contracted vascular ring induced by NE after treatment of Polygoni Multiflori Radix extract in $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. The results were as follows: Systolic blood pressure was significantly attenuated by administration of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Blood flow and aldosterone were significantly decreased, but velocity and renin were not affected by Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Polygoni Multiflori Radix had an effective relaxation to the contracted vascular ring by NE in 0.03 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml level. Polygoni Multiflori Radix had an effective relaxation to the intact endothelium vascular ring, but when endothelium was removed, vascular ring did not relax. Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced relaxation was inhibited by the pretreatment of L-NNA and MB. Pretreatment of Polygoni Multiflori Radix extract inhibit the contraction by influx of extra-$Ca^{2+}$ in contracted vascular ring induced by NE in $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. As mentioned above, we suggest that Polygoni Multiflori Radix relaxes vascular ring through suppress influx of extra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$ by the action of nitric oxide from endothelium.