• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.644-652
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• 2017

In this study, we have analyzed the 2015 KNHANES VI to understand the nutritional and health status of Korean middle-age adults from the perspective of frequency of eating breakfast. Those that eat breakfast five to seven times a week were 76.3 percent (male) and 72.7 percent (female). Frequency of eating lunch and dinner, and eating out was significantly higher among male subjects. The higher the frequency of eating breakfast, the higher the frequency of eating lunch, dinner and eating out. Female subjects that ate breakfast five to seven times a week had lower height and weight compared with other groups, but there was no significant difference of BMI and waist circumference among the four groups. Adults that eat breakfast five to seven times a week had consumed more carbohydrates, dietary fiber, phosphorus, potassium and vitamin C regardless of gender, which validates the nutritional benefits of eating meals regularly. Male adults that ate breakfast five to seven times a week revealed lower levels of diastolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol compared with other groups, which validates eating breakfast regularly was beneficial to their health. In conclusion, it is necessary to eat regular meals daily relative to the nutritional status and health of Korean middle-age adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-236
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• 1989

To evaluate the differences of the levels and sources of protein intake human protein metabolism, an 26-day metabolic balance study was conducted in 10 healthy Korean adult females. In the pre-study, the subjects recorded their own diets for 3 days. The metabolic balance study consisted of 6-day adaptation period, 10-day moderate protein period(60-65g/d) and 10-day high protein period(90-95g/d). During the moderate and high protein period, 5 subjects were fed the higher animal protein meals and the other 5 subjects were fed the high plant protein meals. Body weight, nitrogen balance and blood chemistries were monitored through out the study. The urine volume were sighificantly larger in the animal protein group and, the dietary fiber and fecal weights were significantly heavier in the plant protein diet group. But no statistically significant differences were found between the two dietary groups in apparent nitrogen digestability, urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen balance. Body weight, serum protein, albumin and HDL-cholesterol levels were not changed, but serum total cholesterol level in the animal protein diet group was elevated significantly from 143.8mg/dl on moderate potein diet to 173.0mg/dl on high proetin diet. In conclusion, from the observation of this short-term N balance study, plant diet on the adequate level of calorie and protein intake had almost the same effect of animal protein diet for protein maintenace in adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.827-837
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• 1999

Presently Sasang constitutional medicine draws public attention and a diet based on this theory in gaining popularity. However, scientific data are not available to probe the effects of constitutional diet and the correlations between constitution and food consumptions. Thiry-four healthy subjects[26 females and 8 males] with Tae-eum(females: 5, males: 7), So-yang(females: 9)and So-eum(females: 12, males: 1), were studied. Subjects were not told the kind of constitutional diets they were consuming. Tae-eum constitutional diet was given to all subjects more than 2 meals a day for 8 weeks. The Sasang constitutional classification, food frequency questionnaire and food habits were assessed. The anthropometric assessment, dietary assessment, health status assessment and blood analysis were carried out before and after taking the Tae-eum constitution diet. In case of females, the body weights and BMI were different among the constitutional groups in the following order : Tae-eum constitutional diet. In case of females, the body weights the body weights and BMI were different among the constitutional groups in the following order: Tae-eum>So-yang>So-eum. In case of males, the body weights and BMI of Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of So-eum. In general, habitual food consumption of all of these four groups were very close to those for each of Sasang constitutional types described by Sasang medicine. After 8-weeks of Tae-eum diet, the health status and blood biochemical parameters were not significantly changed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2002

We compared the long-term metabolic effects of equal amounts of carbohydrate from potato, rice and buckwheat on glycemic indices and blood lipids in healthy subjects. Nine healthy volunteers-2 men and 7 women were studied. All subjects ate diets based on the same-7-day rotating menu differing only in that the major source of carbohydrate (about 50% of daily total calories) came either from buckwheat, rice or potato. The study was conducted with a triple crossover design over three 7 day periods. On the morning of the 8th day, fasting blood was drawn from each subject to determine serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol. Subjects were then asked to eat breakfast with their respective carbohydrate within a 20 min period. Blood samples were drawn at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the start of breakfast to determine glucose and insulin levels. At 30 min the glucose response to the rice meal(7.15mmol/L) and potato meal(6.71mmol/L) were greater than the response to the buckwheat meal(5.855mmol/L) (P < 0.05). The mean area under the glucose response to the curve following the rice meal was greater than that following the buckwheat meal(P < 0.05). The insulin responses to the potato and rice meals at 30 and 60 min were greater than those to the buckwheat meal (P < 0.05). The mean area under the serum insulin response curve after the rice meal was greater than of buckwheat. Blood lipids, uric acid and glycosylated hemoglobin were not affected by the three meals. The study shows that the buckwheat meal has more beneficial effects on glycemic indices than either the rice meal or potato meal in healthy subjects.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.401-409
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• 1999

This stydy was performed to improve recipes for dishes with seaweed, spinach, wild parsley, and yam as food source of low blood glucose and to select better favorite dishes controlling diabetes trough sensory test of 9 scoring method. Also the effect controlling blood glucose based on observation of blood glucose and glycemic index was applied for the normal person. The traditional recipes gained high acceptability in the sensory test. The Segogiguk, Daenjanguk, Guonsaeujuk, Sujebi, Bokeum and Beoseokhoi of seaweed ranged from 8.2 to 7.2. The Danggun juice, Daenjangguk, jeon and Dubumuchim of spinach was evaluated as 8.2 to 7.3. The Gulsaengche, Beefmuchim, Juice and Chodae of wild parsley showed high acceptability as 7.9 to 6.8. The Jorim and Jeon of yam ranged form 7.7 and 6.8. Addording to the result of blood glucose response of normal person meals controlling dishes showed GI 57.9-GI 91.3 compared to GI 100 of usual meal. The rice boiled with 30% of black soybean and additional dishes controlling diabetes were most effective as GI 57.9.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.463-474
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• 2010

The nutrient intake and association between dish group intake and blood glucose and serum lipid level (TG, cholesterol, LDL and HDL) was analyzed among 3 groups: 452 subjects in normal blood glucose group (NG: fasting blood glucose < 100 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose < 140 mg/dL), 258 subjects in impaired fasting glucose group (IFG: fasting blood glucose 100~125 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dL) and 101 subjects in diabetic group (DG: fasting blood glucose $\geq$ 126 mg/dL and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ${\geq}$ 140 mg/dL). The data were obtained from the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The 811 subjects were adults aged 40~64 without dietary treatment. In nutrients intake, IFG was the highest and DG the lowest in both quantity and quality. DG, especially, had the lowest intake in carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, Ca, P, K, vitamins B1 and C, and consumed the highest amount of alcohol. In macronutrients distribution ratio, the DG diet showed a lower energy intake from carbohydrates but higher from fat than the NG diet, while IFG showed a higher energy intake from carbohydrates and lower intake from fat in supper out of 3 meals and snacks. IFG preferred salt-fermented foods and DG preferred soups, braised foods and kimchi compared to other groups. NG preferred multi-grain cooked rice and both IFG and DG preferred plain white cooked rice. Regarding the association between dish group intake and blood glucose, cooked rice, soups, salt-fermented foods and kimchi were significantly related to blood glucose. In blood lipids, steamed-foods, beverages and fruits were inversely related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, whereas cooked rice, stews, saltfer-mented foods, seasoned-fermented foods and seasoned vegetables were directly proportional to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and related diseases. Therefore, it is beneficial to avoid rich, salty and fatty foods and heavy alcohol consumption for controlling blood glucose and blood lipids, while steamed foods, foods rich in fiber (like multigrain rice) as a staple, and fruits and teas are recommended for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes risks.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 1998

The general meal intake survey in two regional areas(Seoul and Andong in Kyungsangbuk province) was conducted to investigate what the Korean favorite dishes are, as a part of study on their blood glucose responses. The survey was carried out to fill up the 45 kinds of questionnaires to adults over 20 years old. The age of subjects was evenly distributed from twenties to fifties and 54% of them was middle class, whose monthly income was between a million won and two million won. The 72% of subjects mixed cereals(mainly barley, soybean) with rice but about 28% did not. Domestic meals except general Korean meals were bibimbab and kimblb. Major noodles at home was ramen and kalgugsu(home made noodle) and 50% of the subjects took the noodle with small amounts of steamed rice. The 41% of subjects took the gug(Korean soup) in every meal and the major soup was vegetable doengang soup, sea mustard soup, beef soup and soybean sprout soup in order. The 87% of subjects took either soup or pot stew, and doenjang pot stew and kimchi pot stew were mainly used. The number of side dishes except soup, pot stew and kimchi was 3∼4. The side dishes in meat was cooked mainly with beef and pork. The favorite cooking type of fish is roasting one. Two kinds of kimchi were served in every meal and the major kimchi was cabbage kimchi, kkagdugi(radish cube kimchi), yulmu kimchi in order. The major meal of eating out was galbitang and bibibbab in Korean style, jjajangmyon in Chinese one, pork cutlet in western one and hamburger as a fast food.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2001

To evaluate the factors that determine the transmission level of vivax malaria using vectorial capacity, entomological surveys were conducted from .lune to August, 2000. From 6 nights of human-bait collection in Paju, the human biting rate (ma) was counted as 87.5 bites/man/night. The parity of Anopheles sinensis from human baiting collections fluctuated from 41% to 71% (average 48.8%) of which the rate gradually increased as time passed on: 35.2% in Jun. ; 55.0% in July; 66.2% in Aug. From this proportion of parous, we could estimate the probability of daily survival rate of An. sinensis to be 0.79 assumed with 3 days gonotrophic cycle and the expectancy of infective life through 11 days could be defined as 0.073. Blood meal analysis was performed using ELISA to determine the blood meal source. Only 0.8% of blood meals were from human hosts. We could conclude that An. sinensis is highly zoophilic (cow 61.8%) Malaria is highly unstable (stability index < 0.5) in this area. From these data, vectorial capacity VC) was determined to be 0.081. In spite of a high human biting rate (ma), malaria transmission potential is very low due to a low human blood index. Therefore, we could conclude that malaria transmission by An. sinensis is resulted by high population density, not by high transmission potential. For this reason, we need more effort to decrease vector population and vector-human contact to eradicate malaria in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics and the hypoglycemic effect of cookies containing Helianthus tuberosus powder (HTP). To examine the effect of adding HTP, cookies with various HTP contents (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) were made and compared for their quality characteristics. The pH of cookie doughs decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the content of HTP increased. However, the density did not show significant difference among samples. The spread ratio and loss rate in cookies showed significant increase (p<0.05) as the content of HTP increased. However the leavening rate and the hardness of the cookies decreased significantly (p<0.05) when HTP content increased. Color measurement also showed significant difference among samples, although the cookie sample with 10% HTP powder showed the highest scores from consumer tests and liking score, the cookie samples with 30% HTP were selected to measure the hypoglycemic effect of Helianthus tuberosus compared to control cookies and bread. Ten healthy subjects in their twenties participated in measuring blood glucose levels after intake of bread, control cookie, or 30% HTP cookie. Blood glucose level was measured after fasting 12 hours, before eating, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after taking the samples. As a result, the blood glucose levels at 30min after meals showed significant (p<0.05) difference among treatments: the lowest when taken the cookies added 30% HTP. However there was no difference in the blood glucose levels at 60min, 90min, and 120min after the sampling.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.41-46
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• 2020

Objectives : According to 2013 statistics, the primary infertility rate is 13.5%. The current situation is much worse than that reported, so it is even emerging as a social problem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the 5 cases of successful infertility treatment with herbal treatment and to give hope to the infertile couple to become pregnant and to suggest the possibility of herbal treatment in infertility treatment. Methods : We administered Jokyungjongok-tang gamibang as a herbal medicine and treated with acupuncture, moxibustion. Treatment was done once or twice a week. The herbal medicines were taken 30 minutes after meals and 3 times a day. While taking the herbal medicine, they were prohibited from eating flour, pork, liquor, tobacco and coffee. Patient status was assessed by consultation through pulse, tongue and abdominal diagnosis. The diagnosis of pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasonography at hospitals and the success of the treatment was judged based on healthy birth. Results : Patients had common features, such as lower abdominal pain, menstrual cramps, and blood clots during menstruation. Herbal medicine combined with acupuncture, moxibustion improved patients' overall fatigue and reduced the body's coldness. Since then, the dysmenorrhea and blood clots have decreased, and the digestion condition has improved. Therefore they became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy baby. Conclusion : Jokyungjongok-tang gamibang was effective in improving the body's coldness and uterine condition and was successful in pregnancy and helped to give birth to a healthy baby.