• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, and glucose according to obesity degree by body fat percentage in female university students. Methods: A total of 231 subjects were participated between July and December 2010. The anthropometric measures and blood analyzer were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS 18.0. Results: Percentage of body fat (PBF)-defined obesity had higher prevalence than body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity. Weight, BMI, PBF, fat mass, Waist to hip ratio (WHR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obesity group were higher than normal group and Soft lean mass and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in obesity group were lower than normal group. There were significant correlations between PFB, SBP, DBP, Triglyceride (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), and LDL. Conclusion: In conclusion, when screening for obesity in female university students, body fat should be considered. It is needed to develop obesity management program according to obesity degree and to identify the effectiveness.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.461-471
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• 2006

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplementation on blood pressure and lipids in the elderly with hypertension. Methods: This study adopted a unequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. For this study, 79 subjects with hypertension were selected among the home visiting clients of public health centers. The experimental group received 12-weeks' treatment with antioxidant vitamin A, C, E, carotene, magnesium and selenium and the control group did not take any antioxidant vitamin and mineral. Results: There were statistical differences in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention. In the experimental group, systolic blood pressure decreased from 145.4mmHg before the intervention to 135.7mmHg after the intervention, and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 88.3mmHg before the intervention to 81.9mmHg after the intervention. However, there were no statistical differences in total cholesterol and triglyceride between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention. Conclusions: A short-term supplementation with antioxidant vitamins & minerals can reduce blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. The continuous effects of the supplementation and its beneficial effects on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases still need to be studied further.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.143-152
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• 2004

This study presents the effects of serum lipids and blood glucose on retort Samgyetang intake in rats. For this purpose, we measured the ingredients and contents of Samgyetang, and produced a diet for experimental rats. The animal experiment was done in three different diet groups: control, Samgyetang(I) and Samgyetang(II). The results were as follows; 1) There was no sign of difference between the three groups in the body weight gain and food intake due to the effect of dietary component. 2) The density of serum triglyceride in the Samgyetang(II) group was decreased, but there was no sign of difference between the control group and Samgyetang(II). 3) There were no statistically significant differences of serum cholesterol and phospholipid among my of the diet groups. 4) The free fatty acid density and blood glucose level in the Samgyetang(I) and (II) groups were higher than in the control group. In the author's opinion, it is necessary to reexamine them for a long period through the animal experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1988

In order to develope the method of quantitative determination of lipid hydroperoxide in human blood serum, we tried the ferrothiocyanate method to total lipids extracted by Bligh-Dyer method and obtained the results as follows. 1. The maximum absorbance showed at the concentration of Mohr's solution, 0.127M at pH 1.70 and ammonium thiocyanate solution, 3.95M in the ferrothiocyanate method. 2. When hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and oxidized linoleic acid were added to serum, and extracted them by Bligh-Dyer method to examine the extraction efficiency, we confirmed that cumene hydroperoxide and oxidized linoleic acid were extracted in $CHCI_3$ phase, and hydrogen peroxide in $MeOH-H_2O$ phase, respectively. 3. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxide of total lipids extracted from normal adult serum was $2.0{\times}10^{-5}M$, and increased proportionally the concentration of lipid hydroperoxide by increasing the amount of serum. 4. When we compared the total lipids extracted by Bligh-Dyer method and total lipids extracted after lipoprotein is precipitated by Yagi method in human blood serum, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxide was showed nearly the same value. From our results, we concluded that the concentration of lipid hydroperoxide in human blood serum could be determined quantitatively by ferrothiocyanate method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.761-772
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• 2007

It has been suggested that vegetables protect the cardiovascular system in part by attenuating blood pressure. The purpose of the present research was to examine blood lipids according to vegetable intakes. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressures, nutrient intakes using the 24-hour recall method, and serum lipids of <50th percentile vegetable intake group (<50th percentile VIG; men=66, women=111) and ${\ge}50th$ percentile vegetable intake group (${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG; men=83, women=94) were estimated. The average age, height, and BMI were 54.7 years, 158.2 cm, 62.2 kg, and $24.9kg/m^2$ for <50th percentile VIG and 53.7 years, 159.6 cm, 63.0 kg, and $24.7kg/m^2$ for ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG, respectively. The daily food intake of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG was significantly higher than that of the <50th percentile VIG (p<0.001). Also, daily intakes of cereals (p<0.001), legumes (p<0.05), nuts (p<0.05), vegetables (p<0.001), and fruits (p<0.05) of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG were significantly higher than those of the <50th percentile VIG. The daily energy intakes of ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG and <50th percentile VIG were 1342.7 kcal and 1782.0 kcal (p<0.001), and most nutrient intakes of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG was significantly higher than that of the <50th percentile VIG. Serum cholesterol of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG were significantly lower than that of the <50th percentile VIG (p<0.01). Also, vegetable intake showed significantly negative correlations with total cholesterol (p<0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). Based on these results, it should be emphasized that increase of vegetable intake improves the blood lipid profile.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and blood lipids of middle-aged women according to the obesity index by %Fat. Subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on percentage of body fat (%Fat): normal weight (18% ~ < 28%), overweight (28% ~ < 33%) and obesity (over 33%). Nutrient intakes were evaluated based on questionnaires of 24 hours recall method and blood lipids were analyzed by blood analyzer. The results were as follows. 1) Nutrient intakes were that carbohydrates and fat intakes in obesity group were higher than normal and overweight group but the difference was not significant, and protein intake rate was similar all groups. The intake rate of calcium was higher in normal group than obesity group (p < 0.05), and obesity group ingested under dietary reference intakes. The intake rate of iron was higher in obesity group than normal group (p < 0.05). 2) TG, TC, VLDL and TC/HDL in obesity group were higher than normal group (p < 0.001). The attack rate of coronary heart disease in obesity group is higher than normal group (p < 0.01), LDL, blood glucose and blood pressure in obesity group were higher than normal group (p < 0.01), and HDL was a little higher in normal group than obesity group, but the difference was not significant. 3) The correlation of anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, blood lipid, and blood pressure had significant results. Weight was associated positive level with blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure. Waist and WHR were associated positive level with blood glucose and blood lipid but weren't associated with blood pressure. BMI was associated positive level with blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure, %Fat was associated positive level with blood lipid and blood pressure, but wasn't associated with blood glucose. These results suggest that the decrease of waist on blood glucose control is better than decrease of % Fat and BMI, the decrease of %Fat and BMI on blood pressure control is better than decrease of waist, and the decrease of %Fat on blood lipid control is better than waist and BMI. The nutritional education for obesity treatment must perform to analyze the blood and assess the obesity degree by %Fat, waist and BMI before nutritional education, so the obesity treatment will be effectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in body fat distribution between normal and obese subjects and the relationship between risk factors(fasting blood sugar, blood pressure. fasting serum lipids) and obesity. Measurements of height. weight, skinfold thickness. body circumference. percent body fat. blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum lipids were made and a dietary survey was performed on 120(Males 61. Females 59) adult subjects. 1) Among the female subjects, the obese group appeared to have significantly higher centrality of body fat than the normal group. Obese groups of both sexes appeared with higher blood pressure than normal groups. No differences in daily average nutrient intake, fasting blood sugar and fasting serum lipids concentrations were observed between obese and normal groups. 2) In males. the serum triglyceride concentration was observed to have a significantly positive correlation to body weight, body mass index and body circumference, additionally concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed to have significantly positive correlations to the skinfold thickness. but the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was observed to be significantly negatively correlated to the skinfold thickness. 3) In females. the obese group consumed about 47% of total energy intake at lunch. whereas the normal group consumed about 29% . The food habit score of males appeared to be negatively related to body weight, percent ideal body weight. But the food habit score of females appeared to be negatively related to percent body fat(r=-0.32, p<0.05) .

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.809-818
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant vitamins and magnesium supplementation on fasting blood glucose and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study is a unequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Seventyone subjects with type 2 diabetes who were recruited from home visiting clients of a public health center, completed the trial. The experimental group entered a 12-week treatment period with antioxidant vitamins and magnesium and the control group with no antioxidant vitamins and magnesium. Results: Serum level of fasting blood glucose decreased from $134.7mg/d{\ell}$ to $125.0mg/d{\ell}$ and total-cholesterol decreased from $215.5mg/d{\ell}$ to $198.2mg/d{\ell}$ in the experimental group. No changes in fasting blood glucose and total-cholesterol were demonstrated in the control group. Conclusions: A short-term supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and magnesium can reduce fasting blood glucose and total-cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. The continuous effect of this supplementation and the beneficial effect on the prevention of diabetes complication still needs to be demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2006

Regular exercise training improves body composition, blood lipid profiles and exercise adaptation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise training at different times of day on body composition, blood lipids, stress hormones and nutrient intakes. Twenty four male graduate students carried out this experiment. The subjects were divided into three groups; morning exercise group, evening exercise group and control group. Two exercise groups performed running and muscular resistance training at mid intensity for 12 week periods. Body composition, blood lipid profiles, blood cortisol, ACTH and nutrient intakes were analyzed prior to, midway and after training. There were significant differences about interaction between different exercise times and training periods in plasma TG and HDL-C of the evening exercise training (p < 0.05). Also the evening exercise group was showed the decreasing of TC after training (p < 0.05). No significant differences about interaction between different exercise times and training periods were shown in body composition, stress hormones and nutrient intakes in the three groups. But evening exercise training decreased body fat ($\%$) and blood ACTH (p < 0.05). Also the increasing of carbohydrate intakes was shown by the evening exercise training (p < 0.05). In contrast, morning exercise group indicated a decrease of body fat ($\%$) after 6 week training (p < 0.05), but this effect was not maintained after 12 weeks of training. These results suggested that regular evening exercise is more effect than morning exercise from the viewpoint of improving body composition, blood lipids, nutrient intakes and exercise adaptation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.777-786
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• 1998

The purpose of this study to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and serum lipid levels in 165 healthy women in Taegu. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake. Anthropometric measurement of body weight and height were measured and average energy expenditure calculated . The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.4$\pm$3.1 and it was higher than the mean BMI of Korean women. Obesity rates for the study subjects were 15.7% by RBW (relative body weight : >120%) and 28.5% by BMI(body mass index) ; >25). Daily energy intake was sufficient at 106% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage ration of carbohydrate , fat and protein was 68 : 18 : 14. Mean intake of vitamin A, B1 , niacin , and Ca were higher than RDA. The incidence of hypertension(>140mmHg) and hypercholoesterolemia(>240mg/dl) as 18.2% and 23.6% of the subjects, respectively . Postmenopasusal women showed significantly higher blood pressure, RBW, and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) than premenopausal women. The concentration of cholesterol and average blood pressure in the irregular meal eater group were significantly higher than in the regular meal eater group. Skipping meals and unenvendurnal distribution(no breakfast, or no lunch , and large evening meals) are associated with high total cholesterol level in this population . Especially, the atherogenic index was significantly lower in the regular meal eater group than that in irregular meal eaters. The values for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, BMI, and atherogenic index increased with age in middle-aged women. There was a highly significant correlation between body weight and plasma lipids. HDL -cholesterol was inversely correlated with BMI. The above dta provides valuable information for community program planning and health providers who work with individual female and adults to meet their nutrietional needs to control blood lipids.