• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.116-119
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate antiallergy of the polyphenol fractions isolated from persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki folum). The result of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction of expriment on anti-allergy, the allergy remarkably decreased in polyphenol fraction I, II and III groups in comparison with the control group. After antigen challenge, histamine content of blood of the polyphenol groups was lowered to near the normal group.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-77
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• 2000

Experimental studies were done to research effects of Leejungtang and Leejungtanggamibang on the anti-allergic effects. We studied the vacular permeability response induced by histamine and serotonin, homologous PCA provoked by IgE-like antibody against EWA, contact dermatitis induced by picryl chloride and delayed type hypersensitivity response to SRBC. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In effects of the Leejungtang and Leejungtanggamibang on the vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin, the Leejungtang revealed insignificant effect and Leejungtanggamibang revealed significantly inhibitory effect. 2, In effects of the Leejungtang and Leejungtanggamibang on the vascular permeability responses to intradermal histamine, the Leejungtang revealed insignificant effect and Leejungtanggamibang revealed significantly inhibitory effect. 3. In the homologous PCA provoked by IgE-like antibody against white albumin, the Leejungtang revealed insignificant effect and Leejungtanggamibang revealed significantly inhibitory effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride, the Leejungtang revealed insignificant effect and Leejungtanggamibang revealed significantly inhibitory effect. 5. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to sheep red blood cell the Leejungtang revealed insignificant effect and Leejungtanggamibang revealed significantly inhibitory effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2014

In this study, a test for the immunity control effect by ethanolic extract of Eurya emarginata (EE-70E) on NC/Nga mice as the models for atopic dermatitis was conducted with the following results. Atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice was induced by repeated application of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) for 5 weeks. Mice were orally administered EE-70E or terfenadine, positive control for 3 weeks. Scratching behavior, clinical skin severity, and the levels of IL-4, L-13, IL-17, total serum IgG1, and total serum IgE were measured. The oral administration with EE-70E doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg significantly decreased scratching behavior scores and clinical skin severity score in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). The administration of EE-70E at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased cytokines within the blood serum, that is, IL-4, L-13, and IL-17 compared to the control group (p<0.05). The level of blood histamine was statistically significantly decreased. Administration of EE-70E at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of total serum IgE (p<0.05). The above results indicated that EE-70E was effective in improving the symptoms of atopic dermatitis through various immunity control mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 1985

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Soeuminsohapwon that was prescribed to cure cerebral hemorrhage, palpitation etc, the author tested various activities of extract from the Soeuminsohapwhangwon by the method prescribed in the experimental part. The results of the studies were summarized as follows: Suppressive action was not shown on the convulsion induced by strychnine, but significant effect was noted on the convulsion induced by picrotoxin and caffeine. In acetic acid method, analgesic effect was noted. A prolongation of anesthetic time by pentobarbital sodium and antipyretic effect was observed. Relaxing action was noted on the ileum of mice, also same effect was recognized on contraction of the ileum due to acetylcholine, barium chloride and histamine. The expansion of blood vessels by relaxation of smooth muscle and hypotensive action were noted. According to the above results, effects based on oriental medical references were approximate to the actual experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.243-243
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• 1994

Although active systemic anaphylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis have been empolyed to study anaphylactic hypersensitivity, it is difficult and time-consuming to induce these reactions in experimental animals. In recent, Jun et al have found a simple method to induced anaphylactic hypersensitivity such as anaphylactic shock(AS) and cutaneous reaction(CR) using compound48/80. Cortex mori (Morus alba L.), the root bark of mulberry tree has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of Cortex mori could inhibit the compound 48/80-induced AS and CR. To induce AS, various doses of compound 48/80 (5, 7.5, 10, 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/gm B.W.) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into ICR mice. The animals were pretreated by three injection(i.p.) of Cortex mori before compound 48/80 administration. Peripheral blood was collected from the right ventricle to estimate the level of serum histamine at 15 minutes after the injctin(i.p.) of various concentration of compound48/80. Mortility rate, mean death time and mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate were evaluated over a 72 hour period. To estimate the effect of Cortex mori on compound 48/80-induced cutaneous reaction, various doses of compound 48/80 with or without Cortex mori were injected intradermally(i.d.) into the shaved flank of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the blue cutaneous patchs induced by Evans'blue injection at the compound 48/80 alone and Cortex mori plus compound 48/80 injection sites were observed. As a Parameter of these reactions, the levels of histamine in the supernatant, calcium uptake and intracellular CAMP of RPMC were measured. supernatant, 1)compound 48/80-induced mortility rate, mean death time, mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate, and serum histamine level in ICR mice were significantly inhibited by pretreatment of Cortex mori, 2) cutaneous reaction inducd by compound48/80 was well developed in Sprague-Dawley rat, but Cortex mori inhibited the compound 48/80-induced blue patch formation remarkably, 3) the compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release and calcium uptake of RPMC pretreated with Cortex mori were significantly inhibited, compared to those of control without Cortex mori pretreatment, and 4)the level of cAMP of RPMC was reduced bythe increased concentration of compound 48/80, pretreatment of Cortex mori not only inhibited the compound 48/80-induced reduction of CAMP but also significantly increased the level of cAMP naturally, from the above results, it is suggested that Cortex mori has an some substances with an ability to inhibits the compound 48/80-induced AS,CR, and mast cell activation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1984

It has been recently reported that cingulate cortex mar facilitate gastric acid secretion, but its facilitatory mechanism on the gastric acid secretion is still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the facilitatory mechanism of the cingulate cortex upon gastric acid secretion in rats. Twenty·three male albino rats were divided into the cingulate(N= 13) and the operated control(N= 10) groups. The cingulate group in which cingulate cortex was removed by suction through a slit-shaped opening on each side of, and parallel to, the sagittal suture. In the operated control group, the surgical procedure was ended with the skull opening and the incision of dura mater. The gastric juice was collected via a chronic gastric cannula after 24 hours of fast, with water ad libitum. The juice was collected continuously for 6 hours, starting 3 hours prior to the injection of gastric secretagogue, pentagastrin$(12\;{\mu}g/kg)$ or histamine dihydrochloride $(320\;{\mu}g/kg)$. Three one·hour samples were obtained before ana after the administration of each secretagogue. The two agents were injected separately and subcutaneously at intervals of 1 week, the blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for the radioimmunoassay of postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil. 1) After pentagastrin administration, the volume of gastric juice tended to decrease, but its acidity tended to increase in the cingulate group compared with those of the operated control group. However, there was no any difference in the acid output between the two groups. 2) Histamine-stimulated acid output and volume of the gastric juice of the cingulate group decreased significantly compared with those of the operated control group, while there was not significantly different in the acidity between the two groups. 3) Before pentagastrin or histamine administration, any change was not observed in the gastric acid secretion following the cingulate cortical ablation. 4) Postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil was insignificantly lower in the cingulate group than in the operated control group. It is inferred from the above results that the cingulate cortex exerts a facilitatory influence upon the histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats, and its influence may not be mediated by the stimulation of gastrin secretion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1981

In 1944 Cavallito and Bailey first extracted an essential oil, a powerful antibacterial principle, from the garlic and named it allicin. Later Stoll and Seeback elucidated that allicin was produced from alliin by the enzymatic action of arinase. Damaru observed the depressor responses following intraperitoneal administration of garlic juice in cats. And Thiersch presented evidence that garlic had a protective action against experimental arterosclerosis in cholesterol-fed animals. On the other hand it was also reported that anemias were caused by long-term ingestion of garlic as a result of reduction in hemoglobin and RBC. From the experiment in which the effect of garlic on the blood sugar level was studied, Lee insisted garlic elevated blood sugar level. However, August and Jain claimed that hypoglycemia was induced by garlic administration. Recently Bordia and Bansal suggested that essential oils extracted from onion and garlic have a strong preventive effect on hyperlipemia and prolonged coagulation time resulted from fat-feeding. Furthermore Bordia et al indicated that garlic exerted a strong fibrinolytic activity. In early 1920 s Sugihara reported that essential oil of garlic not only decreased arterial blood pressure but also had a paralytic effect on the isolated heart and intestinal strip of animals. The present study was proposed to investigate the effect of garlic juice and the mechanism of its action on the motility of the isolated rabbit duodenum. The motility of the isolated duodenum was recorded on polygraph by means of force transducer connected with Magnus apparatus. And the isolated duodenum was separtely pretreated with $acetylcholine(5{\times}10^{-7}\;gm/ml)$, $pilocarpine(2.5{\times}10^{-6}\;gm/ml)$, $histamine(5{\times}10^{-6}\;gm/ml)$ and barium $chloride(2.5{\times}10^{-5}\;gm/ml)$ in order to find out interations of these drugs with ASJ. The results obtained were as follows; At concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% ASJ markedly inhibited contractions of isolated duodenum while tonus as well as contractility of the isolated intestine were decreased also with 0.5% and 1.0% ASJ. Since ASJ markedly abolished augmented motility of isolated intestine by histamine and partly reduced that by $BaCl_2$, it is strongly suggested that inhibitory action of ASJ on the intestinal motility is caused mainly by its antihistamine effect and partly by its direct action on the intestinal smooth muscle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1975

Various factors influencing the lymph flow from thoracic duct were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their contributing degree and the mechanisms. Sixteen mongrel dogs weighing between 10 and 16 kg were anesthetized and polyethylene catheters were inserted into the thoracic duct and femoral veins. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, lymph pressure and lymph flow were measured under various conditions. Electrical stimulation of left sciatic nerve, stepwise increase of central venous pressure, manual application of rhythmical depressions onto abdomen, injection of hypertonic saline solution and histamine infusion were employed. Measurement of cental venous pressure was performed through the recording catheter inserted into abdominal inferior vena cava. Changes in central venous pressure were made by an air-ballooning catheter located higher than the tip of the recording catheter in the inferior vena cava. Lymph flow from thoracic duct was measured directly with a graduated centrifuge tube allowing the lymph to flow freely outward through the inserted cannula. The average side pressure of thoracic lymph was $1.1\;cmH_2O$ and lymph flow was 0.40 ml/min or 1.9 ml/kg-hr. Hemodynamic parameters including lymph flow were measure immediately before and after (or during) applying a condition. Stimulation of left sciatic nerve with a square wave (5/sec, 2 msec, 10V) caused the lymph flow to increase 1.4 times. The pattern of lymph flow from thoracic duct was not continuous throughout the respiratory cycle, but was continuous only during Inspiration. Slow and deep respiration appeared to increase the lymph flow than a rapid and shallow respiration. Relationship between central venous pressure and the lymph flow revealed a relatively direct proportionality; Regression equation was Lymph Flow (ml/kg-hr)=0.09 CVP$(cmH_2O)$+0.55, r=0.67. Manual depressions onto the abdomen in accordance with the respiratory cycle caused the lymph flow to increase most remarkably, e.g,. 5.5 times. The application of manual depressions showed a fluctuation of central venous pressure superimposed on the respiratory fluctuation. Hypertonic saline solution (2% NaCl) administered Intravenously by the amount of 10 m1/kg increased the lymph flow 4.6 times. The injection also increased arterial blood pressure, especially systolic Pressure, and the central venous pressure. Slow intravenous infusion of histamine with a rate of 14-32 ${\mu}g/min$ resulted in a remarkable increase in the lymph flow (4.7 times), in spite of much decrease in the blood pressure and a slight decrease in the central venous pressure.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.390-396
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• 1999

CJ-50005 is a hepatitis A vaccine which is prepared by formalin inactivation of the HM175 virus cultured in human diploid MRC-5 cells. The general pharmacological properties of CJ-50005 were evaluated in various animals and in vitor system. CJ-50005 at the doses of 0.025, 0.25 and 0.75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.m. had no effect on general behavior in mice, chemo- and electro-convulsions in mice, writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid in mice, the barbital sleeping time in mice, body temperature in rats, charcoal meal propulsion in mice and urine and electrolytes excretion in rats. In anesthetized dogs, CJ-50005(0.25 and 0.75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v) did not alter the respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, femoral blood flow and ECG. In in vitro experiment, CJ-50005 at the concentration up to 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml did not produce any changes in the contractions of the isolated ileum of guinea pigs caused by acetylcholine, histamine or $BaCl_2$. Since these pharmacological effects of CJ-50005 were observed at dose much greater than those in clinical use (approximately 0.025 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.m.), it is likely that this vaccine may be relatively free of undesirable effects in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1984

Attempts were to investigate the effects of 'Bojungikgi-tang' on the digestive system, blood pressure and diuresis. The results showed that relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and that strong antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2$, acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of the ileum in mice and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. Inhibitory effects on transport rate in the small intestine of mice and castor oil-induced catharsis in mice were noted. Inhibitory action on the secretion of gastric juice, pH ascending effect and decreasing effect of the free acidity and total acidity were recognized. Continuous hypotensive action was seen, but when the vagus nerve was cut, hypotensive action was remarkably decreased. The diuretic effect was also recognized.