• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

Alloimmunization to red blood cell (RBC) antigens may cause a delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTR) and a delayed serologic transfusion reactions (DSTR). In the present study, the frequency of alloimmunization and its clinical significance were evaluated. Also, transfusions were correlated with antibody formation. Alloimmunization rate was 0.63%. Alloimmunization rate in multiple transfused patients was 24.5%. The most common clinically significant alloantibodies of alloimmunized patients were found to be Rh antibodies (52.6%). Nine patients out of 38 (23.7%) became undetectable after the first detection. To be positive at antibody screening test after RBC transfusion was mean transfused numbers: 3.7 units, mean transfused periods: 56 days, mean transfused frequencies: 1.7 times. The results from antibody specificity and RBC transfusions were comparatively analyzed and it shows that Rh system antibodies were longer than other antibodies (P<0.05). In case of disease group, malignant diseases was longer than other diseases (P<0.05). In order to prevent the formation of RBC alloimmunization, irregular antibody screening tests were performed at propriety intervals in multiple transfused patients.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1983

Commercial deerhorns were extracted in boiling water, the deerhorn extracts were per os introduced into rabbits, and then the effects of the extracts on the antibody productions aginst Escherichia coli antigens were investigated for 4 weeks. The experimental rabbits were divided into 4 groups ; control, only deerhorn, only antigen, and antigen plus deerhorn treated groups. The effects of the treatments were measured by counting the number of blood cells, weighing, and immunoelectrophoresis. The rabbits' body weights gained up to 185% in the deerhorn group, and the other groups gained nearly 120%. The numbers of red blood cells in the antigen plus deerhorn group increased somewhat. However, the numbers of leucocytes gradually increased after one week in the antigen group, and at 4 weeks increased up to 290%. In the antigen plus deerhorn group the numbers of leucocytes increased suddenly up to 189% at one week, but after one week the numbers recovered to normal state. Strangely in the deerhorn group the numbers decreased up to 40%. The amounts of serum globulin increased in the control after one week, but maintained about 130%. In the deerhorn group the amounts increased like the control, but after 4 weeks increased up to 175%. In the antigen group the amounts were not changed until 2 weeks, but after 3 weeks abruptly increased over 175%. In the deerhorn plus antigen group the amounts increased gradually up to 262% until 3 weeks, after 3 and 4 weeks the amounts did not increase. The amounts of serum .gamma.-globulin decreased in the control group, and in the deerhorn group and antigen group the amounts did not change until 2 weeks, but after 3 weeks abruptly increased over 175%. In the deerhorn plus antigen group the amounts increased gradually up to 262% until 3 weeks, after 3 and 4 weeks the amounts did not increase. The amounts of serum ${\gamma}-globulin$ decreased in the control group, and in the deerhorn group and antigen group the amounts did not change until 3 weeks, but after 4 week the amounts slightly increased up to 110%. However, the amounts in the deerhorn plus antigen group did not change until 2 weeks, but after 2 weeks abruptly increased up to 174%. The recognized immunoglobulins were IgG and IgM, and the enhanced immunoglobulin was IgG.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1098-1104
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• 2005

The trial was carried out on twenty-one Friesian cows at the end of eight months gestation, nine multiparous and twelve primiparous; allocated into three groups (1 control, 2 and 3 experimental). The same diet was administred to all three groups before partum (12.8 kg DM/head/day) and after partum (18.8 kg DM/head/day). The cows in groups 2 and 3 received two different daily quantities of amino-acid chelated chromium (0.6 and 1.2 mg Cr/kg DM) from 4 weeks prior to presumed parturition to 6 weeks after. The milk yield control was carried out at 15, 30, 42 and 60 days. All animals were immunised two weeks prior to the presumed parturition and two weeks after with the following antigens: ovalbumin and brucellergene. Blood samples were collected weekly to monitor humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. When analysing the results of antibody immunity (ovalbumin) in the sixth blood collection both treated groups significantly increased compared to group 1 (0.5230 and 0.4536 vs. 0.1812 OD; p<0.05). The results of the cell-mediated immune response (brucellergene) had significant differences (p<0.10) in correspondence to the third (between group 2 and control) and the fifth (between groups 3 and 2) blood collection. Significant differences in fat corrected milk were observed at 42 days between group 3 and the other two groups (31.01 vs. 26.99 and 28.66 kg/d, p<0.05) and at 60 days between group 3 and control (30.88 vs. 26.69 kg/d, p<0.05). Before partum and at partum a positive immune response was obtained with a lower dose of chromium. After partum a positive immune response, anti-OVA indicator, was obtained with the higher dose of chromium while, $\gamma$-IFN indicator, with the lower dose. A significant increase of the milk yield resulted at both 42 and 60 days with the highest level of chromium.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 1992

To elucidate structure of group "a" epitope, mouse antibodies that express idiotype monoclonal antibody and anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody against the group specific "a" determinant were purified by hydroxyapatite column. To obtain hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). HBsAg positive blood was sequencially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxyapatite, sepharose 4B column chromatography and ultracentrifugation. The major protein (p25) and glycoprotein (gp30) of HBsAg were isolated by concanavalin-A-sepharose 4B. The ability of p25-gp30 among the HBsAg to inhibit the idiotype-anti-idiotype reaction was dependent on conformation, since reduced and alkylated p25-gp30 virtualy lost their inhibitory capacity when compared to native HBsAg. The data suggest that hepatitis B antigen is a conformational antigen critically dependent upon the disulfide bonds of p25-gp30.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2016

Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization results from genetic disparity of RBC antigens between donor and recipients. The discrepancy of RBC antibody screening test occurs when the results of red cell tests do not agree with those of the serum test. In order to select the proper blood units for transfusion, clarification of the cause of discrepancies is essential. The RBC antibody screening test is an easy, quick, and reliable method for detection of clinically significant antibodies. Antibody screening and identification is recommended prior to transfusion to determine whether there is blood group incompatibility. We reported that phenotyping for E, D, M, E+c, and C+e antibody screening test should be extended. Therefore, these results indicate that anti-D and anti-E alloantibodies were major risk factors for haemolytic disease of the newborn or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions in this study population. We suggested that its antibody screening be adapted to blood safety interventions. Targeted screening of selected recipients at risk offers less value than universal antibody screening, and more research is needed to determine the real incidence of this national condition.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2012

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which inhibits or blocks the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine in vascular endothelial cells and vessel tissue. We examined the effects of nitric oxide on some physiological changes such as blood pressure and heart rate, and confirms the apoptosis induced by the suppressed nitric oxide activity in the kidney. This study was performed to investigate correlation between the activities of nitric oxide and apoptosis by immunohistochemical changes of apoptotic control proteins with regulated chronic inhibition of nitric oxide. In the kidney from L-NAME-treated group, immunohistochemical reaction to the antigens of apoptosis inhibiting proteins such as bcl-2 and bcl-xL, exhibited a time-dependent reduction. The expression of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins such as bax and p53 increased expression in proportion to the duration of treatment. The most sensitive apoptosis regulating proteins to L-NAME were p53 in stimulation and bcl-2 in inhibition, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2018

Blood group determination in dogs is an important factor in transfusion medicine to minimize immediate or delayed adverse reactions after red blood cells transfusion in small animal clinics. Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 is the most important blood type due to its high degree of antigenicity causing acute transfusion adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of DEA 1 in various dog breeds in Korea. As a result of testing 592 blood samples from more than 35 dog breeds, DEA 1 blood typing for each breed showed that 57.8% of Malteses, 63.3% of Poodles, 76.2% of Mastiff-like dogs, 72.5% of Pomeranians, 47.7% of Shih Tzus, 70.3% of mixed breeds, 60.0% of Yorkshire Terriers, and 71.4% of Beagles were DEA 1-positive. Miniature Schnauzers and Jindo breeds had a significantly high prevalence (100%) of DEA 1-positive dogs compared to that in other small breed dogs. This is the first report of immunochromatography-detected DEA 1 prevalence in various domestic dog breeds. Although additional studies need clarifying the potential blood transfusion risks in domestic breed dogs with DEA 1, the results of this study may be useful when selecting a blood donor.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 1994

Plasma protein which has been known as one of nonspecific immunostimulators was added to feedstuff to examine its effect on the enhancement of cellular immune response in porcine immune system. A total of 40 piglets, 20 male and 20 female each, were fed for 30 days with or without plasma protein. The peripheral blood were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulations and their activities by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to porcine leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. The results obtained as follows. 1. Total weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion rate for 10 days were significantly improved to 56%, 20% and 22% in the piglets fed plasma protein, respectively. 2. A significant increase in N (null or non T/non B) cells was also noticed. Leukocyte proportion from piglets fed plasma protein was 20.2-24.7%, otherwise that from piglets fed without plasma protein was 12.3-13.4%, respectively. 3. A significant increase in the proportion of B cells and cells expressing poCD1 was not found in piglets fed plasma protein. 4. Reaction with monoclonal antibodies specific to adhesion molecules, poCD11a, poCD11b, poCD44 and poCD45A and poCD45B, has shown that leukocyte subpopulation from piglets fed plasma protein did not significantly higher than that from piglets fed without plasma protein. 5. Total proportion of granulocytes and monocytes was about 50% in both group and the proportion after treated with Hypaque/Ficoll was 2.7% and 5.8% in each group, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2005

Objective : Toll like receptor(TLR) is known to be involved in innate immunity. Many microbial antigens stimulate TLR, and as a result of intracellular signal transduction, they activate nuclear factor-kB which produces diverse inflammtory cytokines. Until now, many research topics in Kawasaki disease focused on cytokine increasement. In this study, we aim to reveal TLR increasement which might be associated with initiation of inflammatory response. Methods : We obtained the peripheral blood of ten patients who were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease in Yonsei University College of Medicine from March 2003 to August 2003, as well as those of a febrile control group and the same number of a normal control group. Flow cytometry was done in all samples for quantification of TLR-2 expression in CD14 positive monocyte. And we also extracted total RNA of periphral monocyte and quantificated expression of TLR-2 mRNA by RT-PCR. Results : The expression of TLR-2 in Kawasaki disease increased significantly compared with the normal control group but not when compared with the febrile control group. And the expression decreased slightly in the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease compared with the acute phase, but this was statistically insignificant. mRNA expression of TLR-2 in peripheral blood monocyte also increased in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Conclusion : Expression of TLR-2 in Kawasaki disease increased when compared with the normal control group, which means that innate immunity is associated with the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 1966

The antigenecity of somatic substances of S. pullorum standard strain and variant strain extracted byheat treatment, acid treatment and their modification, ammonium sulfate saturation (60 per cent), trypsin digestion was tested by indirest hemagglutination test and precipitation test and following results were optained. 1. Teatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for an hour of the bacteria could extract the antigen of S. pullorum standard strain and variant strain which was demonstrable by hemagglutination reaction with the human a group and chicken red blood cell. 2. Trypsin digestion was more enhanced its antigenecity in acid extracted antigen of S. pullorum variant strain compare with the S. pullorum standard strain. 3. The extracted antigenic substances of S. pullorum standard strain existed chiefly in the elicited fraction of precipitate at the treatment of ammonium sulfate saturation and after trypsin digestion, its antigenecity was demonstrated by hemagglutination. 4. At the treatment of ammonium sulfate treatment, did not occur the precipicate in acid extracted antigens of S. pullorum variant strain, however, the heal extracted antigen, positive reactions were obtained in both of the precipitate and supernatant fraction of the S. pullorum variant strain by hemagglutination reaction. After trypsin digestion, these fraction also exhibited positive reactions. 5. Precipitation test also tested dub could not detect in any soft of the antigens.