• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1993

The intraction between cimetidine and rifampicin was studied pharmacokinetically in normal human subjects. The serum level and the area under the serum concentration curve(AUC) of rifampicin administrated orally were elevated significantly by cimetidine. Volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination rate constant of rifampicin were reduced significanyly by cimetidine. Biological half-life of rifampicin was prolonged significantly by cimetidine. The mechanism of this results is probably related to the inhibition of rifampicin metabolism(deacetyl form) or reduction of blood flow in the liver. It is desirable that dosage regimen of rifampicin shoud be adjusted when combined with cimetidine in clinical pharmacy practice.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

목적 : 이차원 위상대조 자기공명영상을 이용하여 나이변화와 뇌실질 부피변화 및 혈관이상의 정도에 따른 총뇌혈류량의 변화를 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 12명의 지원자를 포함한 73명을 대상으로 T2강조 영상과 Time-of-flight 방법의 자기공명혈관촬영과 이차원 위상대조 자기공명영상을 얻었다. 정상군은 지원자 12명과 자기공명영상 및 자기공명혈관촬영에서 정상소견을 보인 21명으로서 이들은 18-29세, 30-49세, 50-66세 군으로 나누었다. 비정상군은 T2강조영상의 뇌실질부피 변화정도와 자기공명 혈관촬영의 동맥경화 정도에 따라 mild reduction군(17명) , marked reduction군(12명)으로 나누었고, 뇌실질이 증가한 increased volume군(6명)과 Moya-moya군(5명)으로 분류하였다 뇌혈류는 위상대조 자기공명영상의 속도-혈류 곡선으로부터 양쪽 내경동맥과 추골동맥에서 측정하고 합하여 뇌의 총뇌혈류량으로 하였으며, 각군 사이의 혈류량을 비교 관찰하였다. 결과 정상군의 총뇌혈류량은 18-29세군은$12.0{\pm}2.1ml/sec$, 30-49세군은 $11.8{\pm}1.9m1/sec$, 50-66세군은 $10.9{\pm}2.2ml/sec$였다. 비정상군 중에서 mild reduction 군은 $9.5{\pm}2.5ml/sec$, marked reduction 군은 $7.6{\pm}2.0ml/sec$, increased volume군은 $7.3{\pm}1.2ml/sec$, Moya-moya군은 $7.0{\pm}1.1ml/sec$였다. 결론 : 총뇌혈류량은 나이 증가에 따라 감소하였고, 뇌실질부피 감소와 동맥경화 정도에 따라 감소하였으며 increased volume군과 Moya-moya군에서도 감소하였다. 이차원 위상대조 자기공명영상은 나이변화나 뇌실질의 부피변화와 혈관이상을 초래하는 다양한 뇌질환에서 총뇌혈류량을 관찰할 수 있는 유용한 방법이라고 생각된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.301-317
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• 1998

A clinical analysis was carried out for 32 patients who were treated in Dept. of Dong-shin Oriental Medicine Hospital from 10st January to 16st May in 1998 and ruled out as dememtia. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the distribution of sex, female was more than male. And the age of seventies(17 cases, 53.125%) was highest in the frequency of age. 2. In the distribution of having history of drinking and smoking were each 4 cases(12.5%) and 7 cases(21.875%). 3. In the distribution of seasons, the ratio of spring and winter were each 16 cases(50.0%), 15 cases(46.875%), that of summer and fall were comparatively low. 4. In the period from onset to admission, the period within a week had 20 cases(62.5%) as top, and the most period of treatment was 2 and 3 weeks(28.125%). 5. The number of cases that had preceding disease was 35 cases(71.875%), a major portion of preceding diseases were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke. 6. The most common symptom was disorientation(78.125%), and the next common symptom was motor desability(71.875%), and memory disturbance, verbal disturbance was each 59.375 and 47.1%. 7. In the distribution of the CT scan films, 15 cases(46.875%) showed cerebral infarction and that of another 5cases (15.625%) showed cerebral hemorrhage, that of another 2 cases(6.25%) showed brain atrophy. 8. In the lipid density of blood, T-Cholesterol, TG, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL- Cholesterol was within normal limit. 9. In the MMSE-K, the most score was from 16 point to 20 point, and second only was from 11 point to 15 point, and the next was from 6 point to 10 point. 10. In the Ischemic score, 20 cases(62.5%) was diagnosed as brain vascular type dementia, and mixed type dementia was 9 cases(28.125%), Alzheimer type dementia was 3 cases(9.375%). 11. The most used recipes were a sort of recipes to activate of flow the vital energy and the blood, to remove the phlegm(41 cases 33.9%), especially DODAMHOALHEL TANG (12 cases, 9.9%), ANSINCHUNGNOITANG (8 case, 6.6%) was the most used recipe. 12. In the judgement of efficacy, 17 cases(53.125%) showed excellent efficacy, 10 cases(31.25%) showed good efficacy, 5 cases(15.625%) showed no change and that according to MMSE-K, 4 case(18.18%) showed excellent efficacy, 15 cases(68.18%) showed good efficacy, 15 cases(68.18%) showed no change.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1901-1906
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• 2012

Background: The discovery that microRNA (miRNA) regulates metastasis provide a principal molecular basis for tumor heterogeneity. A characteristic of solid tumors is their heterogenous distribution of blood vessels, with significant hypoxia occurring in regions (centers of tumor) of low blood flow. It is necessary to discover the mechanism of breast cancer metastasis in relation to the fact that there is a differential distribution of crucial microRNA in tumors from centers to edges. Methods: Breast tissues from 48 patients (32 patients with breast cancer) were classified into the high invasive and metastatic group (HIMG), low invasive and metastatic group (LIMG), and normal group. Samples were collected from both the centers and edges of all tumors. The first six specimens were detected by microRNA array, and the second ten specimens were detected by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Correlation analysis was performed between the miRNAs and target proteins. Results: The relative content of miR-20a and miR-20b was lower in the center of the tumor than at the edge in the LIMG, lower at the edge of the tumor than in the center in the HIMG, and lower in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues. VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha mRNA levels were higher in the HIMG than in the LIMG, and levels were higher in both groups than in the normal group; there was no difference in mRNA levels between the edge and center of the tumor. VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha protein levels were higher in the HIMG than in the LIMG, and protein levels in both groups were higher than in the normal group; there was a significant difference in protein expression between the edge and center of the tumor. Correlation analysis showed that the key miRNAs (miR-20a and miR-20b) negatively correlated with the target proteins (VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha). Conclusions: Our data suggest that miR-20a and miR-20b are differentially distributed in breast cancer, while VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha mRNA had coincident distributions, and VEGF-A and HIF-1alpha proteins had uneven and opposing distributions to the miRNAs. It appears that one of the most important facets underlying metastatic heterogeneity is the differential distribution of miR-20a and miR-20b and their regulation of target proteins.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.927-932
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• 2013

뇌동맥류모델은 CT 영상을 기반으로 추출하여, ANSYS-FLUENT를 사용해 전산 유체유동해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 뇌동맥류에서 최소 벽전단응력은 동맥류가 발생한 영역에서 일어나는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 뇌동맥류 모델에서 우측중뇌동맥 안쪽벽면에 작용하는 벽전단응력의 크기는 동맥류 전부와 후부의 벽면에 작용하는 벽전단응력의 크기에 비해 20 배 더 크게 발생하는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 동맥류 영역에서의 전단응력의 크기는 매우 작게 나타났다. 혈관 수축이 일어나는 동안 동맥류의 영역에서 매우 복잡한 이차유동이 발생하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 동맥류 내부에서의 혈류유동은 나선형 유동형태를 보이며, 본 연구의 혈류역학적 특성 분석을 통해 뇌동맥류의 파열을 예견할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1993

To investigate the changes in aerobic and facultative anaerobic oral microflora during remission-induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 10 consecutive patients were studied during a period of 28 days. One day before, during and after the induction therapy, patients were given 10% Betadine solution for mouthrinses after breakfast and kept from eating and drinking. After 3 hours, paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was obtained for 2 minutes and transported to the laboratory. The samples were dispersed and homogenized by use of vortex mixer for 20 seconds. From these samples 10-fold serial dilutions (from 10-1 through 10-3) were prepared. Each dilution of 0.1 ml was plated on duplicate set of one nonselective medium (Blood agar) and four selective media (Sabourauds dextrose agar, Mannitol salt agar, Mac-Conkey agar, SF medium ) using applicator woods. All agar plate were incubated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. The total number of microorganisms was calculated and the percentage distribution of the various microorganisms from each specimen was drawn. 1. The salivary flow rate decreased by 66%, going from 5.38 ml/2min to 1.81 ml/2min over two days during the chemotherapy. 2. The total number of microorganisms in saliva increased by 22%, going from 4.88$\times$105/ml to 6.00$\times$105/ml over two days during the chemotherapy. 3. The salivary flow rate and the total number of microorganisms in saliva were recovered within 28 days after the chemotherapy. 4. The quantitative alteration in oral Enterobacteria, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Cndida during the chemotherapy had no statistical significance. 5. In saliva of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia who ahd intraoral ulcer, Enterobacteria was quantitatively predominent. Our study suggests that chemotherapy-induced transient xerostomia may induce acute oral infection. Consequently, the use of saliva substitute, the removal of intraoral infection source and the consistent oral hygiene care seem to be required to avoid the transmission of potential pathogenes in this group of patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.450-464
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• 2023

Pulse oximetry, a non-invasive technique for evaluating blood oxygen saturation, conventionally depends on isolated measurements, rendering it vulnerable to factors like illumination profile, spatial blood flow fluctuations, and skin pigmentation. Previous efforts to address these issues through imaging systems often employed red and near-infrared illuminations with distinct profiles, leading to inconsistent ratios of transmitted light and the potential for errors in calculating spatial oxygen saturation distributions. While an integrating sphere was recently utilized as an illumination source to achieve uniform red and near-infrared illumination profiles on the sample surface, its bulkiness presented practical challenges. In this work, we have enhanced the pulse oximetry imaging system by transitioning illumination from an integrating sphere to a multi-wavelength LED configuration. This adjustment ensures simultaneous emission of red and near-infrared light from the same position, creating a homogeneous illumination profile on the sample surface. This approach guarantees consistent patterns of red and near-infrared illuminations that are spatially uniform. The sustained ratio between transmitted red and near-infrared light across space enables precise calculation of the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation, making our pulse oximetry imaging system more compact and portable without compromising accuracy. Our work significantly contributes to obtaining spatial information on blood oxygen saturation, providing valuable insights into tissue oxygenation in peripheral regions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2010

Pulmonary tuberculosis has intermediate prevalence in Korea. It is known that tuberculosis infection predominantly involves the upper lobes, based on the fact that multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is favored in areas with decreased pulmonary blood flow, impaired lymphatic drainage, and high oxygen tension. We report this case of a 40-year-old man who was brought to our hospital with hemoptysis and dyspnea. Prior to admission, the patient had been in a bedridden state for 15 years due to an injury of the cervical spine 4~5. A 3-Dimensional computed tomography showed predominantly longitudinal distribution of centrilobular nodules along the anterior chest wall, in the left lung. MTB-PCR and AFB culture of bronchial washing fluid revealed pulmonary tuberculosis. This case shows that long-standing supine posture and decreased motion of the anterior chest wall may change the distribution of preferential infection site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lung, resulting in a ventral predominance of tuberculosis infection in the quadriplegic patient.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.304-310
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• 1978

혈장내의 중요한 성분인 몇가지 염들이 poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 격막을 통과하는 상대투과계수($U_{re}$), 분배계수($K_D$), 확산계수($D_m$)등을 측정하였다. 이 격막을 제조할 때 cross-linker로서 사용된 tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate(TEGDMA)의 함량은 중량비로 2.8%였다. 이 염들의 확산계수는 그 분자량이 증가함에 따라서 지수함수적으로 감소하였으며, 그 분자의 원통반지름(a)에 대해서는 요소를 제외하고는 직선적으로 감소하였다. 이와 같은 사실을 sieve pore filow 모델로서 설명하였다. 여러 온도에서 요소의 $U_{re}$와 $D_m$은 글리신, ${\beta}$-알라닌, D-글루코오스, 사카로스 및 말레산과 같은 다른 염들의 값보다 더 컸다. 이와 같은 결과는 이 poly(HEMA) 격막이 혈투석 응용에 적합하다는 사실을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2020

Purpose: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is pain referred to the head/ face from the structures in vicinity of upper cervical spinal nerves via trigeminocervical pathway. Ponticulus Posticus (PP) and Elongated Styloid Process (ESP) are anatomical structures that cause compression of vasculature present around upper cervical nerve plexus. Recently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has shown to play an essential role in identification of these high-pressure zones in the brain. The aim of this research is to study the association of ESP and PP in patients with CGH and to develop a hypothesis by CFD to analyse vertebrobasilar insufficiency as a contributing factor in occurrence of CGH. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 4500 full skull CBCT scans was done for the presence of partial or complete PP and length of Styloid Process (SP). Research was divided into two phases; In first Preliminary Phase, 150 scans that showed the presence of PP and ESP were analysed, and only 134 patients gave consent to fill the questionnaire containing 96 question items pertaining to symptoms associated with CGH. In the second phase, simulation of Vertebral and Carotid Artery was done using Fluent 14.5 Software and by CFD, pressure distribution on arteries was obtained that helped to identify high pressure regions. Results: Both PP and ESP showed a statistically significant association with CGH (p<0.001). By CFD analysis, both steady and transient phases of simulation showed drop in pressure due to constriction of internal carotid and vertebral artery by ESP and PP respectively and were found to decrease the volume of blood reaching the brain, 0.12 /0.13 mL and 0.06 mL respectively. Conclusions: Our analysis proves ESP and PP as contributing factors towards CGH. Hence for proper diagnosis and management of headache disorders, clinicians should have adequate knowledge about these anatomical structures and their resulting clinical symptoms.