• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1979

This study was attempted to investigate the pharmacological action, especially depressor action of Phellodendri cortex and to elucidate the mechanism of its action, making use of Phellodendri cortex methanol extract (PCME) because its hypotensive action is not clear. Influence of PCME on the blood pressure of the rabbits and cats were observed in this study. PCME, when given intravenously in the rabbits and cats, elicited the hypotensive action, but intraventricular PCME in the rabbits did not show depressor action. Accumulation and tachyphylaxis by PCME administered into the ear-vein of the rabbits were not shown. Depressor effect of PCME in the rabbits was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with phentolamine, guanethidine, chorisondamine and atropine, but not by propranolol, diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine and vagotomization. The pressor activity of angiotensin was unimpaired after injection of maximal hypotensive doses (100mg/kg) of PCME, but the pressor activity of norepinephrine and carotid occlusion was abolished markedly. In addition, PCME given into jugular vein of the cats weakened norepinephrine pressor responses and caused the reversal of epinephrine pressor responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive action of PCME may be due to dual mechanisms by interference with peripheral sympathetic function, alpha adrenoceptor blocking action, and peripheral parasympathomimetics action, muscarinic action.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2001

In this paper we propose a block-type parallel preconditioner for solving large sparse nonsymmetric linear systems, which we expect to be scalable. It is Multi-Color Block SOR preconditioner, combined with direct sparse matrix solver. For the Laplacian matrix the SOR method is known to have a nondeteriorating rate of convergence when used with Multi-Color ordering. Since most of the time is spent on the diagonal inversion, which is done on each processor, we expect it to be a good scalable preconditioner. Finally, due to the blocking effect, it will be effective for ill-conditioned problems. We compared it with four other preconditioners, which are ILU(0)-wavefront ordering, ILU(0)-Multi-Color ordering, SPAI(SParse Approximate Inverse), and SSOR preconditioner. Experiments were conducted for the Finite Difference discretizations of two problems with various meshsizes varying up to 1024 x 1024, and for an ill-conditioned matrix from the shell problem from the Harwell-Boeing collection. CRAY-T3E with 128 nodes was used. MPI library was used for interprocess communications. The results show that Multi-Color Block SOR and ILU(0) with Multi-Color ordering give the best performances for the finite difference matrices and for the shell problem only the Multi-Color Block SOR converges.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of silver thiosulfate(STS) in reducing $O_3$ injury to tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentm Mill. 'Pink Glory'). Two days prior to $O_3$ fumigation, plants were given a foliar spray of STS solution at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mM contained with 0.05% Tween-20. STS concentrations below 0.6 mM were significantly effective in providing protection aginst $O_3$ exposure(16 h at 0.3 ppm). STS reduced leaf injury rate, defoliation of cotyledons, ethylene production and degree of epinasty induced by $O_3$ injury. STS slightly increased ethylene production in non-$O_3$-fumigated plants, but changes of chlorophyll content and transpiration rate on a whole plant basis were not observed. In $O_3$-fumigated plants, STS treatment reduced chlorophyll destruction but did not affect transpiration rate. STS treatment seemed not to affect peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in non-fumigated plants but reduced increasing activity of POD by $O_3$ fumigation. However, such an effect as above was not found in SOD activity. Even though enzymatic protection effects were not confirmed, the fact that reduction of acute injury rate was attained for 16 h fumigation indicates that the phytoprotective effects of STS are not necessarily related to blocking the action of strees-induced-ethylene as an anti-ethylene agent.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 1972

소맥 자엽초를 일정한 길이로 절단하여 식물생장 조질제인 교dole acetic acid (IAA)와 abscieic acid (ABA)를 처리하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. IAA는 고분자 핵산의 F2와 F3을 감소시킨 반면에 ABA는 F4를 증가 시켰다. 2. IAA는 G2 isozyme의 활성도를 증가시켰으나 G3 isogyme의 활성도는 ABA에 의하여 감소되었다. 3. 상기의 결과로 부터 IAA와 ABA는 핵산과 RNase에 대하여 어느정도 공통되는 효과를 갖는다는 것이 암시됨을 알수 있었다. 4. SH group을 저해하는 pb, p-hydroxymercury benfoa 둥에 의해서 발현되는 latent RNase의 활성도는 나타나지 않았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.667-671
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• 2016

Oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, has shown various pharmacological and physiological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of oridonin on human ovarian cancer cell lines has not been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that oridonin inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed oridonin inhibited tumor growth of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3) in vivo. We then assessed mechanisms and found that oridonin specifically abrogated the phosphorylation/activation of mTOR signaling. In summary, our results indicate that oridonin is a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer by blocking the mTOR signaling pathway.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.383-390
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the degree of post injection soreness, symptom duration, factor and autonomic symptoms after trigger point injection in patients with trigger points. We devided the subjects of the study into four groups Such as, only dry needling, needle-TENS, with massage-stretch, massage-stretch only, including 100 patients, and measured the visual analog scale before treatment and after treatment. Before treatment, The VAS mean scores were $6.2{\pm}1.03$ in needle-TENS with massage-stretch group ; $6.2{\pm}1.75$ in needdle-TENS group, and $6.3{\pm}1.85$ in dry needling group, and $6.8{\pm}1.03$ in massage-stretch group. In post injection 3rd day, The VAS mean score were $0.9{\pm}1.78$ in needling-TENS with massage-stretch group, $1.1{\pm}1.52$ in needling-TENS group, $1.7{\pm}1.10$ in dry needling group, and $3.9{\pm}3.01$ in massage-stretch group. As for a causative factor of activities for trigger were overload with 37.0%, overwork with 35.0% and fatigue with 13.0%. Symptoms for trigger were tenderness with 28.0%, numbness and tingling with 24.0%. ROM limit with 17.0% and tightness with 17.0%. As a result, needling-TENS with massage-stretch group showed less soreness and effect than other group.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1977

Adrenergic receptors are now classified into alpha type and beta type These adrenergic receptors are distributed in various tissue in different patterns. Therefore, the adrenergic response of a certain tissue may be different from those of the other tissues, and such differences may exist among various species of animals. In this paper, the authors attempt to reevaluate the effect of epinephrine on the isolated atria, aortic strips, and vas deferenses of rabbits preincubated with alpha receptor blockades (ergotamine and dibenamine) and beta receptor blockades (propranolol and dichloroisoproterenol) in Locke-Ringer bathing medium. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The dose dependent responses of isolated atria to epinephrine were significantly inhibited by propranolol and dichloroisoproterenol, and slightly inhibited by dibenamine, but not affected by ergotamine. 2) The dose dependent responses of excised aortic strips to epinephrine were significantly inhibited by ergotamine and dibenamine, but the responses were slightly potentiated by propranolol, and significantly by dichloroisoproterenol. 3) The dose dependent responses of isolated vas deferenses to epinephrine were significantly inhibited by ergotamine and dibenamine, but slightly potentiated by propranolol and dichloroisoproterenol.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.174-177
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• 2000

The effect of a-sexithiophene(${\alpha}-6T$) layers on the light emitting diode (LED) were studied. The ${\alpha}-6T$ was used for a buffer layer in electroluminescent (EL) devices. Enhanced carrier (hole) injection and improved emission efficiency were observed. Carrier injection characteristics were investigated as a function of ${\alpha}-6T$ later thickness. The efficiency of the electroluminescence was proportional to the thickness of ${\alpha}-6T$ layer. The highest efficiency was observed 600A of ${\alpha}-6T$ later, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of device without ${\alpha}-6T$ later. The device with a-6T showed an operation voltage lowered by 2V. The ${\alpha}-6T$ layer can substitute hole blocking layer, and control charge injection properties.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2009

The auditory cortex (A1) encodes the acquired significance of sound for the perception and interpretation of sound. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas molecule with free radical properties that functions as a transmitter molecule and can alter neural activity without direct synaptic connections. We used whole-cell recordings under voltage clamp to investigate the effect of NO on spontaneous GABAergic synaptic transmission in mechanically isolated rat auditory cortical neurons preserving functional presynaptic nerve terminals. GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in the A1 were completely blocked by bicuculline. The NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), reduced the GABAergic sIPSC frequency without affecting the mean current amplitude. The SNAP-induced inhibition of sIPSC frequency was mimicked by 8-bromoguanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate, a membrane permeable cyclic-GMP analogue, and blocked by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a specific NO scavenger. Blockade of presynaptic $K^+$ channels by 4-aminopyridine, a $K^+$ channel blocker, increased the frequencies of GABAergic sIPSCs, but did not affect the inhibitory effects of SNAP. However, blocking of presynaptic $Ca^{2+}$ channels by $Cd^{2+}$, a general voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, decreased the frequencies of GABAergic sIPSCs, and blocked SNAP-induced reduction of sIPSC frequency. These findings suggest that NO inhibits spontaneous GABA release by activation of cGMP-dependent signaling and inhibition of presynaptic $Ca^{2+}$ channels in the presynaptic nerve terminals of A1 neurons.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권10호
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• pp.2704-2712
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 진단에 중요한 정보를 가진 영역에 대해서 무손실 부호화하고 나머지 영역에 대해서는 손실 부호화를 하여 비트를 효율적으로 할당하는 MRI 영상 압축 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 척추 디스크 질환 인식을 위해 촬영된 MRI 영상을 대상으로, 질환의 특성을 이용하여 중요한 객체가 포함된 부분을 인식한다. 인식된 부분은 의사의 디스크 질환 유, 무의 판단에 중요한 부분이므로 무손실 부호화하고 나머지 부분은 손실 부호화하여 전송한다. 또한 손실 부호화하는 영역에 대해서 웨이브릿 변환 영역에서의 프랙탈 압축 방법을 적용하여 블록화 현상이 제거된 선명한 화질을 유지한다.