• 제목/요약/키워드: block pattern, basic pattern

검색결과 43건 처리시간 0.024초

인체의 조인트와 움직임 정보를 이용한 인간의 행동패턴 인식 (Human Activity Pattern Recognition Using Motion Information and Joints of Human Body)

  • 곽내정;송특섭
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.1179-1186
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 인체의 조인트와 조인트의 움직임 정보를 이용하여 인간의 행동을 인식하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안방법은 입력되는 비디오에서 객체를 추출하고 인체의 비율정보를 이용하여 조인트를 자동추출하며 각 조인트에 블록매칭 기법을 적용하여 조인트의 움직임 정보를 얻는다. 제안방법은 움직임이 있는 조인트, 조인트의 움직임의 방향벡터와 조인트의 x와 y좌표의 증가(+)와 감소(-)를 부호로 나타낸 것을 행동 인식을 위한 기본 파라메터로 사용한다. 제안된 방법은 웹카메라에서 입력되는 영상에서 8가지 행동에 대해 실험하였으며 인간의 행동 인식률에 있어 좋은 결과를 보였다.

말레이시아 공공부문공동주택 계획의 특성 및 시대별 추이에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Planning and its Periodic Changes of Public Housing in Malaysia)

  • 주서령;전소영
    • 동남아시아연구
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.207-245
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    • 2012
  • With rapid industrialization and urbanization, numerous cities are faced with urban slum phenomenon combined with housing shortage fueled by population explosion. In Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, the government hereby embarked on supply of public housing to resolve such pending issue. This study aims to understand the periodic changes of public housing as a common basis for basic housing policies with analysis specific features of site plan, block layout, and unit plans. For this purposes, the filed survey during January, 2011 were proceeded. We hereby visited and surveyed a total of 40 apartment complexes for the 1970s~the 2000s (10 complexes respectively on a decade basis). Consequently, Malaysian public apartments prove to offer a very uniform pattern based upon standard plans. Their early plans aren't fairly distincted from those of other countries, but their layouts of plan become differentiated compared with other nations as they actively apply a ventilator called 'air well' in response to tropical climate amid the change of times. This study is expected to broaden our understanding of Malaysia's unique housing culture and lifestyle.

태백산맥 남부산지의 암설사면지형 (The Study on the Debris Slope Landform in the Southern Taebaek Mountains)

  • 전영귄
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.77-98
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    • 1993
  • 본 연구는 암설사면지형이 잘 발달하고 다양하게 분포하는 태백산맥의 남부산지를 대상으로 항공 사진판독과 도상계측 및 현지조사를 통하여 노출암설사면의 분포, 형태 및 퇴적물의 특성을 분석하고 사면의 지형적 배열과 지형발달에 관해서 연구한 논문으로써 분포적 특성에 있어서는 애추의 경우 기반암이 경암이거나 절리가 잘 발달된 지질에서, 암괴류의 경우는 화강섬록암 지질에서 높은 분포밀도를 보였다. 형태적 특성은 애추, 암괴류 모두 설상이 각각 83${\%}$, 80${\%}로 가장 많았으며 지형면의 경사도에 있어서는 애추가, 길이에 있어서는 암괴류가 각각 우세했다. 퇴적물의 특성중 암설의 평균입경은 암괴류가 보다 크게 나타났다. 한 지형면에서 암설의 장축방향성의 경우 방향성 있는 경우와 없는 경우가 있는데, 후자는 지형면상의 함몰로 그 방향성이 상실된 것으로 보인다. 끝으로 지형발달의 경우, 애추는 암석낙하(rock fall)에 의한 형성기(최종빙기)와 2차적인 영역에 의한 조정기(후빙기)로 암괴류는 암괴의 생성기(제3가 또는 제 4기의 간빙기), 암괴류의 형성기(최종빙기), 조정기(후빙기)로 구분할 수 있었다. 그리고 산지 사면의 배열유형은 6가지 유형으로 분류되었다.

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MZR 디스크를 채택한 VOD 저장서버의 효율적인 비디오 블록 배치방법 (An Effective Video Block Placement Strategy on VOD Storage Server with MZR Disks)

  • 임형룡;김정원;김영주;정기동
    • 한국정보처리학회논문지
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    • 제4권12호
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    • pp.2971-2984
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    • 1997
  • 본 논문에서는 MZR 디스크의 특성과 VOD에서 사용자들의 접근 편기성을 고려한 비디오 블록의 효율적 배치방법을 제안한다. 또 제안된 방법에 대하여 VOD 서버의 모델링과 모의실험을 통하여 성능을 평가하였다. 기본적인 방법은 인기도에 따라 Zipf 분포를 고려하여 MZR 디스크상에 선형배치나 편기된 휴리스틱(SH) 방법으로 배치시키는 것이다. 제안된 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해서, 2 대의 디스크를 설치한 워크스테이션에서 다양한 편기요인 하에서의 성능을 실험하였다. 실험결과 여기에서 제시한 방법이 임의배치 방법보다 좋은 성능을 보여주고 있음을 알 수 있다. 디스크 그룹으로 배치방법을 확장하기 위하여 동시에 지원 가능한 최대 사용자 수와 사용자당 필요한 버퍼의 크기를 분석하였다. 제안된 방법의 수행력에 관련한 변수로는 디스크헤드 스케쥴링 방법, 배치방법, 스트라이핑 단위 등을 고려하였으며 실험결과 본 논문에서 제시한 방법이 효율적임을 알 수 있다.

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연초생육기간중의 소비수량에 관한 기초적 연구 (Basic Study on the Consumptive Use of Water for Tobacco during the Growing Period)

  • 김근배;김철기
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.62-70
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    • 1985
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the basic data such the total, the daily maximum, and the peak stage of consumptive use of water and also the soil moisture extraction pattern for irrigation plan of tobacco during the growing period. The plots at which this study was conducted are divided into three fertilization levels of 30g, 60g, and 90g. Each block for three levels is divided as vinyl mulching and irrigation plot, vinyl mulching and nonirrigation plot, and nonmulching and irrigation plot. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The evapotranspiration amount of mulching-irrigation plots are similar to that of mulching-nonirrigation plots. While, the evapotranspiration amount of mulching plots are different obviousely from that of nonmulching plots. Therefore, a significance was recognized between the mulching plots and the nonmulching plots. 2. The amount of evapotranspiration in case of 60g and 90g fertilization level was larger than that of 30g. But the 60g plots and the 90g plots showed little differences. 3. In the total amount of evapotranspiration for each of the experimental plots during the growing period, nonmulching-irrigation plot showed the largest value of 332.9mm, second the mulching-irrigation plot, 284. 9mm, and the mulching-nonirrigation plot, the smallest as 255. 9mm. 4. In the monthly average amount of evapotranspiration for each of the treatment plots, the mulching-irrigation the mulching-nonirrigation, and the nonmulching-irrigation plot showed 3. 6mm, 3. 2mm and 4. 2mm respectively. The daily maximum amount of evapotranspiration showed 5. 1mm, 4. 5mm, and 6.4mm for the mulching-irrigation, the mulching-nonirrigationl, and the nonmulching-irrigation plot respectively. 5. It was confirmed that the higher correlationship exists between the weight of dried leaves and the amount of evapotranspiration, and between the weight of dried leaves and the coefficient of evapotranspiration with the function of logarithms. The coefficient of evapotranspiration have a tendency to increase in proportion to the leaf area index. 6. The maximum coefficient of evapotranspration and the largest leaf area index showed 1. 45 and 5.5 respectively. The stage appeared maximum values was assumed to be before and after flowering. 7. The soil moisture extraction pattern has changed by the depth of root zone for the tobacco's growing. The soil moisture extraction influenced on the 20cm depth of soil after 15 days passed, the 30cm depth after 25 days passed and the whole root zone after 45 days passed from planting. It was shown in the only mulching-irrigation plot after S5days passed from planting that the rate of soil moisture extraction of 20cm layer was larger than that of 10cm layer.

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하둡 기반 대규모 작업 배치 및 처리 기술 설계 (Design of a Large-scale Task Dispatching & Processing System based on Hadoop)

  • 김직수;구엔 카오;김서영;황순욱
    • 정보과학회 논문지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.613-620
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문에서는 대규모의 작업을 고성능으로 처리하기 위한 Many-Task Computing(MTC) 기술을 기존의 빅데이터 처리 플랫폼인 Hadoop에 적용하기 위한 MOHA(Many-Task Computing on Hadoop) 프레임워크에 대해 기술한다. 세부적으로는 MOHA의 기본 개념과 개발 동기, 분산 작업 큐에 기반한 PoC(Proof-of-Concept) 수행 결과를 제시하고 향후 연구 방향에 대해서 논의하고자 한다. MTC 응용은 각각의 태스크들이 요구하는 I/O 처리량은 상대적으로 많지 않지만, 동시에 대량의 태스크들을 고성능으로 처리해야하고 이들이 파일을 통해서 통신한다는 특징을 가지고 있다. 따라서 기존의 상대적으로 큰 데이터 블록 사이즈에 기반한 Hadoop 응용과는 또 다른 패턴의 데이터 집약형 워크로드라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 MTC 기술과 빅데이터 기술의 융합을 통해 멀티 응용 플랫폼으로 진화하고 있는 Hadoop 생태계에 신규 프레임워크로서 대규모 계산과학 응용을 실행할 수 있는 MOHA를 추가하여 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

도시성장분석상 위상영상자료와 구역자료의 통합이용에 관한 연구 (Urban Growth Analysis Through Satellite Image and Zonal Data)

  • 김재익;황국웅;정현욱;여창환
    • 한국지리정보학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2004
  • 위성영상은 도시의 물리적 확산 및 변화를 예측하는데 많이 활용되고 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 도시화된 지역이 어느 정도의 강도로 개발되었는지를 파악할 수 있는 밀도분석에는 적절치 못하다. 이는 위성영상이 미시적 공간단위로 토지이용 현황을 분석하는 반면 통계자료는 거시적 공간 단위로 구축되어 있어 통계자료를 미시적인 공간단위에 적용하는데 어려웠기 때문이다. 본 연구는 위성영상자료와 통계청의 기초단위구라는 미시적 구역통계자료를 활용하여 도시성장분석상 이들 자료를 통합하여 활용하는 것이 유용함을 입증하고자 하였다. 연구대상지역은 대구광역시로 하였으며, 분석자료로 1985년과 2000년의 위성영상 Landsat TM-5 와 구역통계자료로 기초단위구를 이용하였다. 분석결과 위성영상자료는 도시의 확산 그리고 기초단위구는 밀도 분석이 용이하여 도시성장에 따른 확산과 밀도변화를 동시에 파악할 수 있었다.

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친링 충돌대의 트라이아스기 충돌 후 화성작용에 대한 리뷰 (Review on the Triassic Post-collisional Magmatism in the Qinling Collision Belt)

  • 오창환;이병춘;이상봉
    • 암석학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.293-309
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    • 2014
  • 북중국판과 남중국판이 페름기말-트라이아스기에 충돌하여 친링-다비-수루-홍성-오대산 대륙충돌대가 형성되었고 트라이아스기 충돌 후 화성암들이 충돌대의 서쪽 끝 부분인 친링 충돌대 지역에 광역적으로 형성되었다. 그리고 충돌대의 동쪽 끝 부분인 홍성-오대산 지역에도 광역적인 트라이아스기 충돌 후 화성암이 형성되었다. 하지만 다비 지역에서는 트라이아스기 충돌 후 화성암이 나타나지 않고 수루 지역에서는 매우 소규모로 형성되었다. 친링-다비-수루-홍성-오대산 충돌대를 따라 일어난 최고 변성 압력 조건을 고려하여 보면 다비-수루 충돌대에서는 초고압 에클로자이트 변성상에 해당하는 매우 깊은 지역에서 섭입판 분리가 일어난데 반해 친링 서측과 홍성-오대산 충돌대 지역에서는 에클로자이트상 내지 고압 백립암상의 변성상에 해당하는 상대적으로 낮은 지역에서 섭입판 분리가 일어난 것으로 유추될 수 있다. 그 결과 다비-수루 지역에서는 섭입판 분리에 의해 형성된 공간을 통해 유입되는 연약권 맨틀에 의한 열 효과가 매우 깊은 곳에서 일어나 그 위에 존재하는 대륙지각과 그 직하부 맨틀에 큰 영향을 주지 못해 매우 제한적인 충돌 후 화성암이 나타나거나 전혀 나타나지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 이에 비해 섭입판 분리가 상대적으로 낮은 깊이에서 일어난 홍성-오대산 지역과 친링 지역에서는 유입되는 연약권 맨틀에 의한 열 효과가 그 위에 존재하는 대륙지각과 그 직하부 암권 맨틀에 영향을 주어 광범위한 충돌 후 화성암을 형성한 것으로 생각된다. 친링지역의 트라이아스기 충돌 후 화성암은 친링 지역 서부에서는 미얀루 충돌대 북쪽에서 나타나며 동쪽으로 가면서 남친링 소대륙판 내부에 나타나다가 친링 지역 동부에서는 샹단 충돌대 북쪽에 나타난다. 이러한 트라이아스기 충돌 후 화성암의 분포는 트라이아스기 충돌대가 미얀루 충돌대 이후 남중국판과 남친링 소대륙판 경계를 따라 연장되기 보다는 충돌 후 화성암의 남쪽 경계를 따라 북서쪽으로 연장되어 샹단 충돌대로 연결될 가능성이 높음을 지시한다.

농약방제복 착용실태 및 만족도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Wearing Condition and Satisfaction of Pesticide Protective Clothing)

  • 오영순;이경숙;채혜선;김경란;김성우
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.217-228
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to grasp inconveniences and improvements by examining wearing condition and satisfaction of protective clothing targeting 114 Korean farmers and to suggest basic data for enhancement of pattern and wearing satisfaction of protective clothing by understanding problems of pesticide-proof clothing through comparative analysis on the size of its commercial products. Most of male subjects were in charge of spraying pesticide, whereas female were most likely to play an assistant role to hold the hose of pesticide applicator. Both of female and male subjects were very aware of the harmful effect of pesticide on human body and tried to take off the clothes immediately after spraying it to reduce possible damage caused by pesticide. As a result of examining wearing condition, the farmers avoided wearing protective clothing because that it feels hot, stuffy, and uncomfortable to move. This hesitant response of wearing the clothing was not shown significantly in case of female subjects who play an assistant role for spraying. Although the farmers wore protective equipments such as mask or gloves in a proper way as compared to protective clothing, they seemed to choose alternative way rather than best way to block pesticide completely. The satisfaction regarding to the fitting of protective clothing which the subjects showed low in all items of upper-lower clothes except waistline. It is necessary to improve the functionality such as relief from heat stress and convenience for movement rather than design or economic in protective clothing development. As a result of comparing the size of five kinds of commercial protective clothing, the farmers got confused to choose the product since designation method of size across companies showed a significant difference in an identical clothing size. In addition, the sizing system developed on a basis of a well-built man has become a hindering factor in wearing satisfaction of female farmers.

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조선왕조(朝鮮王朝) 왕릉(王陵) 문인석상(文人石像)의 복식형태(服飾形態)에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Costume Style of Civil Servants' Stone Images Erected at Tombs of the Kings for Yi-dynasty)

  • 권용옥
    • 복식
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.87-114
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    • 1981
  • A costume reveals the social characteristics of the era in which it is worn, thus we can say that the history of change of the costume is the history of change of the living culture of the era. Since the Three States era, the costume structure of this country had been affected by the costume system of the China's historical dynasties in the form of the grant therefrom because of geographical conditions, which affection was conspicuous for the bureaucrat class, particularly including but not limited to the Kings' familities. Such a grant of the costume for the bureaucrat class (i.e., official uniform) was first given by the Dang-dynasty at the age of Queen Jinduck, the 28th of the Shilla-dynasty. Since then, the costume for the bureaucrats had consecutively been affected as the ages had gone from the unified Shilla, to the Koryo and to the Yi-dynasty. As the full costumes officially used by government officials (generally called "Baek Gwan") in the Yidynasty, there existed Jo-bok, Gong-bok and Sang-bok. Of such official costumes, Gong-bok was worn at the time of conducting official affairs of the dynasty, making a respectful visit for the expression of thanks or meeting diplomatic missions of foreign countries. It appears no study was made yet with regard to the Gong-bok while the studies on the Jo-bok and the Sangbok were made. Therefore, this article is, by rendering a study and research on the styles of costumes of civil servants' stone images erected at the Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty, to help the persons concerned understand the Gong-bok, one of the official costume for Baek Kwan of that age and further purports to specifically identify the styles and changes of the Gong-bok, worn by Baek Gwan during the Yi-dynasty, consisting of the Bok-doo (a hat, four angled and two storied with flat top), Po (gown), Dae (belt), and Hol (small and thin plate which was officially held by the government officials in hand, showing the courtesy to and writing brief memorandums before the King) and Hwa (shoes). For that purpose, I investigated by actually visiting the tombs of the Kings of the Yi-dynasty including the Geonwon-neung, the tomb of the first King Tae-jo and the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong as well as the tombs of the lawful wives and concubines of various Kings, totalling 29 tombs and made reference to relevant books and records. Pursuant. to this study, of the 29 Kings' tombs the costume styles of civil servants' stone images erected at the 26 Kings' tombs are those of Gong-bok for Baek-gwan of the Yi-dynasty wearing Bok-doo as a hat and Ban-ryeong or Dan-ryenog Po as a gown with Dae, holding Hol in hand and wearing shoes. Other than those of the 26 tombs, the costume styles of the Ryu-neung, the tomb of the Moon-jo who was the first son of 23rd King Soon-jo and given the King's title after he died and of the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong are those of Jobok with Yang-gwan (a sort of hat having stripes erected, which is different from the Bok-doo), and that of the Hong-neung, the tomb of the 26th King Go-jong shows an exceptional one wearing Yang-gwan and Ban-ryeong Po ; these costume styles other than Gongbok remain as the subject for further study. Gong-bok which is the costume style of civil servants' stone images of most of the Kings' tombs had not been changed in its basic structure for about 500 years of the Yi-dynasty and Koryo categorized by the class of officials pursuant to the color of Po and materials of Dae and Hol. Summary of this costume style follows: (1) Gwan-mo (hat). The Gwan-mo style of civil servants' stone images of the 26 Kings' tombs, other than Ryu-neung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have Yang-gwan, out of the 29 Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty reveals the Bok-doo with four angled top, having fore-part and back-part divided. Back part of the Bok-doo is double the fore-part in height. The expression of the Gak (wings of the Bokdoo) varies: the Gyo-gak Bok-doo in that the Gaks, roundly arisen to the direction of the top, are clossed each other (tombs of the Kings Tae-jong), the downward style Jeon-gak Bok-doo in that soft Gaks are hanged on the shoulders (tombs of the Kings Joong-jong and Seong-jong) and another types of Jeon-gak Bok-doo having Gaks which arearisen steeply or roundly to the direction of top and the end of which are treated in a rounded or straight line form. At the lower edge one protrusive line distinctly reveals. Exceptionally, there reveals 11 Yang-gwan (gwan having 11 stripes erected) at the Ryu-neung of the King Moon-jo, 9 Yang-gwan at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong and 11 Yang-gwan at the You-neung of the King Soon-jong; noting that the Yang-gwan of Baek Kwan, granted by the Myeong-dynasty of the China during the Yi-dynasty, was in the shape of 5 Yang-gwan for the first Poom (class) based on the principle of "Yideung Chaegang" (gradual degrading for secondary level), the above-mentioned Yang-gwans are very contrary to the principle and I do not touch such issue in this study, leaving for further study. (2) Po (gown). (a) Git (collar). Collar style of Po was the Ban-ryeong (round collar) having small neck-line in the early stage and was changed to the Dan-ryeong (round collar having deep neck-line) in the middle of the: dynasty. In the Dan-ryeong style of the middle era (shown at the tomb of the King Young-jo); a, thin line such as bias is shown around the internal side edge and the width of collar became wide a little. It is particularly noted that the Ryu-neung established in the middle stage and the You-neung in the later stage show civil servants in Jo-bok with the the Jikryeong (straight collar) Po and in case of the Hong-neung, the Hong-neung, the tomb of the King Go-jong, civil servants, although they wear Yang-gwan, are in the Ban-ryeong Po with Hoo-soo (back embroidery) and Dae and wear shoes as used in the Jo-bok style. As I could not make clear the theoretical basis of why the civil servants' costume styles revealed, at these tombs of the Kings are different from those of other tombs, I left this issue for further study. It is also noted that all the civil servants' stone images show the shape of triangled collar which is revealed over the Godae-git of Po. This triangled collar, I believe, would be the collar of the Cheomri which was worn in the middle of the Po and the underwear, (b) Sleeve. The sleeve was in the Gwan-soo (wide sleeve) style. having the width of over 100 centimeter from the early stage to the later stage arid in the Doo-ri sleeve style having the edge slightly rounded and we can recognize that it was the long sleeve in view of block fold shaped protrusive line, expressed on the arms. At the age of the King Young-jo, the sleeve-end became slightly narrow and as a result, the lower line of the sleeve were shaped curved. We can see another shape of narrow sleeve inside the wide sleeve-end, which should be the sleeve of the Cheom-ri worn under the Gong-bok. (c) Moo. The Moo revealed on the Po of civil servants' stone images at the age of the King Sook-jong' coming to the middle era. Initially the top of the Moo was expressed flat but the Moo was gradually changed to the triangled shape with the acute top. In certain cases, top or lower part of the Moo are not reveald because of wear and tear. (d) Yeomim. Yeomim (folding) of the Po was first expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Won-neung, the tomb of the King Young-jo and we can seemore delicate expression of the Yeomim and Goreum (stripe folding and fixing the lapel of the Po) at the tomb of the Jeongseong-wanghoo, the wife of the King Young-jo, At the age of the King Soon-jo, we can see the shape of Goreum similar to a string rather than the Goreum and the upper part of the Goreum which fixes Yeomim was expressed on the right sleeve. (3) Dae. Dae fixed on the Po was placed half of the length of Po from the shoulders in the early stage. Thereafter, at the age of the King Hyeon-jong it was shown on the slightly upper part. placed around one third of the length of Po. With regard to the design of Dae, all the civil servants' stone images of the Kings' tombs other than those of the Geonwon-neung of the King Tae-jo show single or double protrusive line expressed at the edge of Dae and in the middle of such lines, cloud pattern, dangcho (a grass) pattern, chrysanthemum pattern or other various types of flowery patterns were designed. Remaining portion of the waist Dae was hanged up on the back, which was initially expressed as directed from the left to the right but thereafter expressed. without orderly fashion,. to the direction of the left from the right and vice versa, Dae was in the shape of Yaja Dae. In this regard, an issue of when or where such a disorderly fashion of the direction of the remaining portion of waist Dae was originated is also presented to be clarified. In case of the Ryuneung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have civil servants' stone images wearing exceptional costume (Jo-bok), waist Dae of the Ryu-neung and Hong-neung are designed in the mixture of dual cranes pattern, cosecutive beaded pattern and chrvsenthemum pattern and that of You-neung is designed in cloud pattern. (4) Hol. Although materials of the Hol held in hand of civil servants' stone images are not identifiable, those should be the ivory Hol as all the Baek Gwan's erected as stone images should be high class officials. In the styles, no significant changes were found, however the Hol's expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Yi-dynasty were shaped in round top and angled bottom or round top and bottom. Parcicularly, at the age of the King Young-jo the Hol was expressed in the peculiar type with four angles all cut off. (5) Hwa (shoes). As the shoes expressed on civil servants' stone images are covered with the lower edges of the Po, the styles thereof are not exactly identifiable. However, reading the statement "black leather shoes for the first class (1 Poom) to ninth class (9 Poom)," recorded in the Gyeongkook Daejon, we can believe that the shoes were worn. As the age went on, the front tips of the shoes were soared and particularly, at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong the shoes were obviously expressed with modern sense as the country were civilized.

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