• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1899-1909
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• 2015

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness which is caused by increase of fluid pressure in the eye which damages the optic nerve and eventually causing vision loss. An automated technique to diagnose glaucoma disease can reduce the physicians’ effort in screening of Glaucoma in a person through the fundal retinal images. In this paper, optimal hyper analytic wavelet transform for Glaucoma detection technique from fundal retinal images is proposed. The optimal coefficients for transformation process are found out using the hybrid GSO-Cuckoo search algorithm. This technique consists of pre-processing module, optimal transformation module, feature extraction module and classification module. The implementation is carried out with MATLAB and the evaluation metrics employed are accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Comparative analysis is carried out by comparing the hybrid GSO with the conventional GSO. The results reported in our paper show that the proposed technique has performed well and has achieved good evaluation metric values. Two 10- fold cross validated test runs are performed, yielding an average fitness of 91.13% and 96.2% accuracy with CGD-BPN (Conjugate Gradient Descent- Back Propagation Network) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) respectively. The techniques also gives high sensitivity and specificity values. The attained high evaluation metric values show the efficiency of detecting Glaucoma by the proposed technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1983

The steadily increasing number of operations performed on the heart has given rise to occasional complications involving the nervous system, and this has been interested to cardiac surgeons and neurologists. This survey has been carried out on all Gases submitted to open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during 1982 to determine which operative features were associated with the occurrence of neurological damage. 514 subjects were studied and neurological damage was noted in twenty-five patients [4.9%]. Eight of these 25 patients died in the postoperative period, but neurological damage contributed to the fatal outcome in six cases. Remaining seventeen patients were discharged without problems except one Cortical blindness and one hemiplegic patients who were survived without other problems . A number of features were found to be related to the development of neurological damage, which were age, duration of perfusion, nature of operation, cardiac rhythm and presence of the thrombi or calcification and hypothermic arrest. But many unknown etiological factors are remained out of our sight. A significant increase in the incidence of neurological damage was shown in older age group [13.3% in over 40 year of age], and also the duration of the bypass was associated with subsequent neurological injury especially more than 120 minutes [11.6%]. The presence of atrial fibrillation with intracardiac thrombi or calcification was also a contributing factor to developing neurological complication [16.7%]. These factors were regarded to influence the postoperative neurological complications and more effective method for prevention of these neurologic complication should be studied.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Zinc plays a key role in genetic expression, cell division, and cell growth and is essential for the functions of more than 450 metalloenzyme. There are high concentrations of zinc in pigment epithelium in bullfrog eye. Zinc deficiency causes night blindness and abnormal dark adaptation. The purpose of this study was to identify ERG (electroretinogram) b-wave sensitivity during light and dark adaptation in bullfrog retina after zinc and zinc chelators treatment such as histidine and TSQ (N-(6-methoxy-8-qunolyl)-p-toluenesulfon amide). Especially, we focused whether histidine act as a zinc chelator in the Muller cell. The results of our study are summarized as follows: 1) Both zinc and histidine elevated ERG b-wave amplitude and threshold in Muller cells by accelerating rhodopsin regeneration time and increased a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 2) TSQ reduced those by prolonging rhodopsin regeneration time and decrement of a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 3) Zinc shortened rhodopsin regeneration time and prolonged a-peak absorbance. These results suggested that histidine may act as a zinc-mediated transporter in presynaptic Muller cell membrane rather than zinc chelator and acts as a GABA-receptor inhibitor which blocks $Cl^-$ influx to the postsynapse.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.314-318
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• 2016

Posterior fossa is a site next to the middle fossa where arachnoid cyst frequently occurs. Generally, most arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic and are found incidentally in most cases. Although arachnoid cysts are benign and asymptomatic lesions, patients with posterior fossa arachnoid cysts often complain of headaches, gait disturbance, and ataxia due to the local mass effects on the cerebellum. We observed a patient with a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst who had visual symptoms and a headache, but did not have gait disturbance and ataxia. We recommended an emergency operation for decompression, but the patient refused for personal reasons. After 7 days, the patient revisited our hospital in a state of near-blindness. We suspected that the arachnoid cyst induced the hydrocephalus and thereby the enlarged third ventricle directly compressed optic nerves. Compressed optic nerves were rapidly aggravated during the critical seven days; consequently, the patient's vision was damaged despite the operation. Considering the results of our case, it is important to keep in mind that the aggravation of symptoms cannot be predicted; therefore, symptomatic arachnoid cysts should be treated without undue delay.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous internal carotid artery(ICA) is extremely rare, but it is life threatening condition because of massive recurrent epistaxis. Unfortunately, the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this disease are frequently delayed due to its rarity and variable latent period, so this disease is regarded as a challenge to clinicians. Optimal therapy for this diseases demands rapid suspicion for it and is essential in order to give the best functional outcome with minimizing its morbidity and mortality. The authors present a case of male patient with traumatic pseudoaneurysm of intracavernous ICA accompanying severe epistaxis. This patient was a 37-year-old male with unilateral blindness and recurrent massive epistaxis after suffering trauma to head. Computed tomography, MRI and carotid artery angiogram showed pseudoaneurysm of intracavernous ICA with sphenoid bone fracture. The patient was effectively managed with occlusion of the pseudoaneurysmal circulation by endovascular interventional embolization technique utilizing mechanically detachable tungsten coils.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.59-67
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• 2013

The radiation characteristics of an E-plane linear array antenna composed of inductive loaded patch antennas (ILPAs) are investigated. The radiation characteristics of an ILP array antenna are significantly improved compared to those of a conventional array antenna because the mutual coupling of an ILP array antenna is very small. The patch length of a $5{\times}2$ ILPA for the enhancement of the radiation characteristics of a 5-element E-plane linear array antenna composed of ILPAs is presented.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Premature babies of less than 37 weeks gestation might require oxygen therapy as an integral part of treatment and respiratory support. Because of their under-developed lungs, these so-called "preemies" might contract respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To treat RDS, neonatal oxygen therapy is administered, where controlled oxygen gas is measured as a fraction of inspired oxygen ($FiO_2$). However, exposure to high oxygen content during long treatment could cause oxygen intoxication, which might cause permanent blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), whereas insufficient oxygen exposure could cause severe hypoxia. A doctor would use oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) data and prescribe a dose of $FiO_2$ to maintain $SpO_2$ within a suitable range. One objective is to maintain $SpO_2$ within the acceptable range using $FiO_2$ that is as low as possible. Adjustment of $FiO_2$ would normally be done by nurses every 15 to 30 minutes, which might not be safe in many situations. An error in $FiO_2$ adjustment during a manual procedure could be as large as +/- 2.5%. This paper presents a system that can determine an $FiO_2$ value suitable to the current $SpO_2$ and that automatically adjusts $FiO_2$ with an error clearance of +/- 0.25%.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.474-485
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• 2012

Purpose: The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses [QSEN] initiative group has identified six competencies (patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics) for pre-licensure nursing education along with related knowledge, skills, and attitudes for each competency. The purpose of this article is to illustrate a teaching strategy that uses films to demonstrate the QSEN competencies in undergraduate nursing students. Method: A literature review was conducted to define QSEN competencies, and six feature-length commercial movies were selected through a systematic process. We provided film titles and their synopses that can be useful in teaching the QSEN six competencies to undergraduate nursing students. Results: Patch Adams for patient-centered care, Wit for teamwork and collaboration, Lorenzo's Oil for evidence-based practice, Am$\acute{e}$lie for quality improvement, Blindness and The Island for informatics can be applied in nursing classroom practices. Conclusion: Establishing the connection between QSEN competencies and cinenurducation is novel, yet it would provide a unique opportunity for nurse educators seeking to overcome the challenge of better preparing future nurses. In future studies, additional films should be considered to enhance nursing educational strategies.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.292-297
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• 2014

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Evidence indicates that the suppression of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) contributes to the accumulation of toxic proteins and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the functional abnormalities and/or the degeneration of which are believed to be the initiators and major pathologies of AMD. To identify new protein associations with the altered UPS in AMD, we used LC-ESI-MS/MS to perform a proteomic analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) of AMD patients and matched control subjects. Six UPS-related proteins were present in the AH of the patients and control subjects. Four of the proteins, including 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 (Rpn2), were increased in patients, according to semi-quantitative proteomic profiling. An LC-MRM assay revealed a significant increase of Rpn2 in 15 AMD patients compared to the control subjects, suggesting that this protein could be a biomarker for AMD.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3270-3294
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• 2020

Some things come easily to humans, one of them is the ability to navigate around. This capability of navigation suffers significantly in case of partial or complete blindness, restricting life activity. Advances in the technological landscape have given way to new solutions aiding navigation for the visually impaired. In this paper, we analyze the existing works and identify the challenges of path selection, context awareness, obstacle detection/identification and integration of visual and nonvisual information associated with real-time assisted mobility. In the process, we explore machine learning approaches for robotic path planning, multi constrained optimal path computation and sensor based wearable assistive devices for the visually impaired. It is observed that the solution to problem is complex and computationally intensive and significant effort is required towards the development of richer and comfortable paths for safe and smooth navigation of visually impaired people. We cannot overlook to explore more effective strategies of acquiring surrounding information towards autonomous mobility.