• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.321-327
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• 2012

Paraffin bio-based hydrotreated biodiesel(HBD) is originated from vegetable oil(the process can also be applied to animal fat) with the the chemical structure $C_nH_{2n+2}$. In the number of process of the oil or fat, the hydrogenation is significantly important to create a bio-based diesel fuel. This study is focused on lubricity characteristics of BTL diesel blends to use alternative diesel fuel in Korea. The BTL diesel are blended the different volume ratios (HBD 5(5 vol.% HBD - 95 vol.% diesel), HBD 10, HBD 20, HBD 30, HBD 40 and HBD 50. HBD with paraffin compounds showed a very high centane number, low sulfur content and free aromatic compound. Especially, the wear scar of HBD showed poor lubricity compared to automotive diesel due to the fuel composition, low sulfur content and free aromatic compound. Also, the lubricity specification of automotive diesel with different six HBD blends is within the limit by the Korean standards. Finally, HBD as an alternative diesel fuel is challengeable in transportation sector of Korea.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

The main objective of this study was to investigate the packing state and optical properties of coated paper prepared with different coating colors by varying the blending ratio of such pigment as clay, $CaCO_3$, and plastic pigment. To evaluate the effect of packing state of pigment on the properties of coated paper, the coating thickness, which was theoretically calculated by specific gravity, and packing volume of pigment were used. It was found that there exists close relationship between the coating thickness and surface property of coated paper. For instance, the macro roughness(smoothness) of coated paper is closely related to bulkiness. Plastic pigments used in this research has a high finishing efficiency on the light weight coatings. Especially, hollow sphere pigment was very effective for improving the property of coated paper produced in this test. And when HSP was blended with $CaCO_3$the surface property such as smoothness and gloss improved significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 2003

Performances of Taekwondo fabrics were evaluated in respect of fiber component. yarn count, weave structure and wearing comfort. As a beginning step, we investigated the present situation of Taekwondo wears by questionnaire from pro and amateur Taekwondo players. Samples employed in this study were cotton/nylon blend fabric that was newly woven for this study as well as fabrics of current Taekwondo wears for sale in the market. Their fundamental properties measured were such as air permeability, water vapor transport. wickability, absorption rate, Qmax values, thermal conductivity, durability, hand value, and etc. In addition, subjective wearing sensations were evaluated using Taekwondo wears made of those fabrics. From the results of the objective measurement and the subjective wearing test, we estimated the total fitness of fabrics as a Taekwondo wear. From the questionnaire we could see that pro players and amateurs wanted highly absorbing, quick drying, and soft-tough and complained abrasive surfaces and static elasticity of current fabrics. In view of the results so far achieved, nylon blended fabrics newly woven in this study, showed better comfort-related properties from both of the objective and subjective tests. It was also represented that finer yams enhanced water absorption and touch, and fabrics with rough surface such as honeycomb weave was superior in wearing comfort as well as aesthetic appearance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.910
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• pp.1282-1291
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• 2004

Kenaf was cultivated and harvested in large quantity in Cheju Island and Chinju, Kyungsangnamdo. It was chemically rotted with 3% NaOH for 60 minutes at 100$^{\circ}C$, neutralized using 1% acetic acid, washed and dried, and obtained 40kg of dry kenaf fiber. Kenaf 15/rayon 85, flax 15/rayon 85, and rayon 100% yam was spun and the physical characteristics were measured. Plain weave and twill weave fabrics were made using each of the above yarns as the filling yam. Cotton 100% yam was used as the warp yam in all fabrics. Kenaf/rayon blend yarns were higher in tenacity and elongation, lower in yam uniformity, higher in the number of nep than the flax/rayon blended yams. Kenaf/rayon blend fabric had higher tenacity and elongation compared to the flax/rayon blend fabric Kenaf/rayon blend fabric was most stiff in both plain weave and twill weave fabrics whereas drape characteristics was dependent upon the fabric structure of the kenaf/rayon blend and flax/rayon blend. There were little differences between the kenaf/rayon blend fabric and the flax/rayon blend fabric in the Kawabata physical measurements and the PHVs. The only drawback of kenaf fiber was it's surface roughness and it is expected that it can be improved by enzyme retting and mechanical bundle separation.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.318-321
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• 2000

Most compressive strengths commonly used in the construction field are in a range of 240 to 300 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 28 days. To get this rage of strengths, however, high-flowing concrete requires cementitious binders more than 400 to 450 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for preventing segregation and sedimentation of aggregates. This amount of cementitious binder generates a large emission of excessive hydration heat, which may consequently induce harmful cracks in concrete structure. In order to reduce excessive hydration heat, thus, this paper aims at fabricating a high-flowing concrete under the condition that cement content is kept as low as 350kg/$\textrm{cm}^3$ by using viscose agents. In a parametric study, effects of cement types such as a ternary blended cement and Type V on he physical characteristics of high-flowing concrete were evaluated. In addition, the influence of viscosity was also investigated by applying two different viscose agents, one in a range of 6,000 to 10,000 cps and the others of 10,000 to 14,000 cps. In terms of chemical admixtures used in concrete mixture, the superplasticizer was Sulfonated Melamine-Formaldehyde Condensate with about 30,000 of molecular weight, and main component of viscose agent was HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose). Slump flow was fixed at 50cm with different dosages of superplasticizer in weight.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to develop an environmental cyber inservice education program for middle school teacher. The blended environmental cyber inservice education program was developed, through reviewing literatures, analyzing domestic and foreign's environmental inservice education programs and e-Learning contents, and experts conference. And, Pragram validity was evaluated by environmental education experts. Program development stage was confirmed five stage: (1) foundational analysis, (2) planning, (3) design, (4) production, and (5) evaluation. The developed contents for middle school teachers were consisted of 3 domains: (1) Foundation of Environmental Education, (2) Understanding about Environment, (3) Strategy for School Environmental Education. The contents of each sessions were selected considering synthetically objectives, themes and components of environmental education and structured of 62 hours Course totally. Developed program evaluated by 8 environmental education experts according to 10 evaluation item of total contents and contents development structure. In result, it evaluated comparatively high score. Based on the results, some recommendations were suggested.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.390-396
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• 2013

Biosurfactants have versatile properties and potential industrial applications. A new producer, B. subtilis TU2, was isolated from the underground oil-extraction wastewater of Shengli Oilfield, China. Preliminary flask culture showed that the titer of biosurfactant obtained from the broth of TU2 was ~1.5 g/l at 48 h (718 mg/l after purification), with a reduced surface tension of 32.5 mN/m. The critical micelle concentration was measured as 50 mg/l and the surface tension maintained stability in solution with 50 g/l NaCl and 16 g/l $CaCl_2$ after 5 days of incubation at $70^{\circ}C$. FT-IR spectra exhibited the structure information of both glycolipid and lipopeptide. MALDI-TOF-MS analyses confirmed that the biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis TU2 was a blend of glycolipid and lipopeptide, including rhamnolipid, surfactin, and fengycin. The blended biosurfactant showed 86% of oil-washing efficiency and fine emulsification activity on crude oil, suggesting its potential application in enhanced oil recovery.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.521-538
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• 2012

As the knowledge society matures, not only distant, but also off-line universities are trying to provide learners with on-line educational contents. Particularly, high effectiveness of mobile devices for e-Learning has been demonstrated by the university sector, which uses distant learning that is based on blended learning. In this paper, we analyzed previous m-Learning scenarios and future technology prospects. Based on the proposed m-Learning scenario, we designed cellular phone-based educational contents and service structure, implemented m-Learning system, and analyzed m-Learning service satisfaction. The design principles of the m-Learning service are 1) to provide learners with m-Learning environment with both cellular phones and desktop computers; 2) to serve announcements, discussion boards, Q&A boards, course materials, and exercises on cellular phones and desktop computers; and 3) to serve learning activities like the reviewing of full lectures, discussions, and writing term papers using desktop computers and cellular phones. The m-Learning service was developed on a cellular phone that supports H.264 codex in 3G communication technology. Some of the functions of the m-Learning design principles are implemented in a 3G cellular phone. The contents of lectures are provided in the forms of video, text, audio, and video with text. One-way educational contents are complemented by exercises (quizzes).

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.49-55
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• 2019

Folded structure is widely applied in various engineering fields. Many of the Japanese folding fans in the Edo era (1603-1868) have been successfully blended with the processing technology of "natural materials" that is the origin of Japan's "Monodzukuri" (craftsmanship) and its application "artistic originality". The charm of a fan lies in the diversity of stereoscopic expression not born in plane representation. For example, the effects of folds, the expression of the front and back sides flowing from the front to the back by double-sided description, and the two-layer effect of raising the backside from the surface using the permeability of Japanese paper, the calculated depiction are also seen. Moreover, by handling the fan, it also produced an illusion effect which skillfully calculated the change due to movement of the viewpoint. Students experience the natural materials such as Japanese paper, bamboo and starch paste, which are the materials of paint and fan at the time, and processing method, and know the difference with the current one. This study is to verify the effectiveness of engineering education which gains experience by making concrete fans and to understand deeply this traditional technology with the artistry of a Japanese fan at the same time. And we can learn from the characteristics of the fan to Japan's history and culture.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.763-778
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• 2021

The study aims to analyze the mixed characteristics of knit fashion design as demonstrated in Sacai's collection, which promotes hybrid and mesh-up fusion and proposes various knit design ideas. Standards for categorizing mixed phenomena of Sacai's knit design were established through a review of literature and data analysis. The study's data collection period was from 2012 to 2021, and a total of 174 items were analyzed. The following are the results. First is the fusion of traditional knit and contemporary styles expressed through de-constructive design; traditional knit styles are combined with contemporary styles through color, material, and knitting structure mixtures, such as mixing Northern European Aran, Fair Isle, Nordic, and Ropy knit. Second, the Sakai knit design combines male and female styles by mixing materials and details. A deconstructed knit cardigan was matched with androcentric pin-striped shirts worn over layered shirring skirts embellished with chiffon and lace. Third, everyday street fashion style is blended with a formal, elegant fashion style. For example, the front view has a typical everyday appearance, whereas the back view contains florid and decorated details. The style is expressed as a 360-degrees appellation, with one thing in the front and another in the back. Sacai's distinctive expressional characteristics include a mixed and de-constructive style characterized by unexpected design.