• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.513-523
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• 1993

In this experiment, we investigated the hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects of rats fed diets with different common oils in Korea for different feeding periods(4 weeks or 12 weeks), using Korean sesame oil, perilla oil, rice bran oil and mixed oil. W-3/w-6 ratio of each group was 0.001, 1.44, 0.03 and 0.112, respectively. P/S ratio of each group was 9.64, 10.49, 5.58 and 1.68, respectively. The result were as follows: 1) According to the age, body fat accumulation was increased. 2) Perilla oil(w-3 rich) decreased total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol, and increased HDL/total cholesterol ratio. 3) With regard to the compositono of platelet fatty acids, Perilla oil increased w-3/w-6 ratio of the platelet. Perilla oil lengthened bleeding time and decreased MDA(MalonDAdehyde) formation which determined in place of Thromboxane A2(TXA2) in platelet. This result can suggest that linoleic acid of perrilla oil seem to supress the conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid(AA 20:4, w-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5, w-3) trannnsformed from linolenic acid to suppress the conversion of arachidonic acid to TXA2. Since TXA2 is platelet-aggregating and vasoconstricting agent, the reduction of TXA2 tgeneration by platelet with increased linolenic acid intakes shows prologed bleeding time. In conclusion, w-3 rich perilla oil has strong hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects by changing fatty acid profiles of the platelet.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2006

This study was designed to assess the distribution of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphism among Korean patients on warfarin therapy. CYP2E1 polymorphism was analyzed at 5' flanking region of CYP2E1 gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Patient characteristics including the measured internal normalized ratio (INR) were also evaluated. Based on the warfarin dose and the bleeding cases, the patients were grouped as the regular dose control, the regular dose bleeding, the low dose control, and the low dose bleeding. Total 96 patients were evaluated for both Pst I and Rsa I loci of the CYP2E1 gene and the results showed that both loci were tightly linked. Thirty-three patients(34.4%) were heterozygotes and 4 patients(4.2%) were homozygote. There was no significant difference in patient characteristics in the dose and bleeding case groups. CYP2E1 polymorphism showed a little difference among the groups but was not statistically significant, however, lower INR value was observed in homozygote genotype groups. It was also revealed that genotype allele frequencies of CYP2E1 in Korean was close to other Asian groups but was significantly different from other Caucasian and African-American populations.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트용 고품질 그라우트를 개발하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용하기 위해 그라우트의 화학 혼화제로 고성능 감수제와 증점제의 양과 사용방법이 유동성, 블리딩률, 체적변화 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 증점제와 고성능 감수제가 유동성에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토한 결과, 증점제와 고성능 감수제를 조합사용한 경우에는 고성능 감수제의 사용량이 너무 적으면 응집현상이 발생하여 유동성이 저하되나, 고성능 감수제 사용량 0.1% 이상부터 유동성이 크게 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 증점제의 사용량이 증가할수록 블리딩률이 감소하며, 고성능 감수제는 0.05%까지 블리딩률이 증가하나, 0.1%부터 블리딩률이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고성능 감수제와 증점제를 각각 0.15%를 조합한 그라우트의 배합이 유하시간, 플로우, 블리딩 및 체적변화 측면에서 가장 양호한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

Background: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with ischemic stroke risk in the aging population. Observational studies have indicated beneficial effects of direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) against ischemic stroke compared to warfarin. This study aimed to investigate ischemic stroke incidence and bleeding risk in patients on DOAC therapy. Methods: Using the database of Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment-Aged Patient Sample 2015, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. Study subjects with NVAF diagnosis and prescribed anticoagulants were enrolled. Propensity score (PS) matching by age, sex, comorbidities, and medications were used. The clinical outcomes were major adverse cerebro-cardiovascular events (MACCEs, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, cardiac death) and bleeding events. A cox proportional hazard model analysis was performed to compare the outcomes with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Total 4,773 elderly patients with NVAF were initially included. Four PS-matched groups including rivaroxaban vs. warfarin-only (n=1,079), dabigatran vs. warfarin-only (n=721), rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran (n=721), and switchers of warfarin to rivaroxaban vs. warfarin-only (n=287) were analyzed. Every group showed statistically similar results of MACCEs and bleeding events, except for the group of rivaroxaban vs. dabigatran. Rivaroxaban users showed higher risks of bleeding events than dabigatran users (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.01-4.99). Conclusion: In the elderly patients with NVAF, efficacy and safety outcomes among oral anticoagulants including DOACs and warfarin were similar, while rivaroxaban are more likely to have higher bleeding risks than dabigatran. Further research using large size sample is needed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2015

본 연구는 지하식 LNG 저장탱크의 시공에 앞서 연약지반의 개량을 위하여 현장 원위치의 흙과 시멘트, 벤토나이트 등을 사용하는 소일-시멘트 연속벽체를 효과적으로 시공하는 SMW 공법에 대한 배합설계 및 현장적용 사례를 실험적으로 규명하기 위한 것이다. 현장조건을 고려하여, 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 벤토나이트를 주재료로 선정하였고, 흙의 단위용적중량은 $1,833kg/m^3$을 적용하였으며, 이에 따른 물-시멘트비 4종류와 배합속도 3수준을 대상으로 블리딩 및 압축강도 실험을 실시하였다. 실험은 실내실험 및 현장적용 사례로 나누어 수행되었으며, 실험을 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. (1) 물-시멘트비가 감소할수록, 배합속도(rpm)이 증가할수록, 블리딩량 및 블리딩율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. (2) 물-시멘트비 150% 이하에서 현장적용강도(1.5 MPa)를 만족하였으며, 현장 코아강도는 공시체 강도에 비해 8~23% 증가하였다. 따라서 적용현장 조건을 고려하여 단위시멘트량 $280kg/m^3$, 벤토나이트 $10kg/m^3$, 물-시멘트비 150%, 그리고 배합속도 90 rpm을 현장시공의 최적배합으로 제안하였으며, 현장적용 사례의 실험결과로부터 요구되는 성능을 만족하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of acupuncture therapy when applied to patients who are undergoing anticoagulants / antiplatelet medication therapy combined with herbal medicine using a retrospective, case-control study. Methods : 428 charts of patients were reviewed in this study. Odds ratio between case of bleeding-related adverse event and control was calculated as main analysis. Exposures were anticoagulants / antiplatelet medication, Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine and combination of both drugs. Additionally, odds ratios were calculated according to the severity of bleeding-related adverse events. Results : The results were as following: 1. Analysis of all bleeding-related adverse events showed there was no increased risk of combined therapy compared with other exposures and control group. 2. Analysis of only clinically significant adverse events showed there was no increased risk of combined therapy compared with other exposure and control group. 3. Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine group showed a tendency of increased risk of bleeding-related adverse events in all analysis but was not statistically significant. Conclusions : The results suggest that Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine-anticoagulant / antiplatelet medication combined therapy may not increase risk of bleeding-related adverse events in acupuncture therapy. By executing various modules of analysis, it was possible to acquire useful data for possible future studies. Further research is needed to confirm such results.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2023

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare endoscopy as primary versus secondary prophylaxis to prevent future bleeding in children with esophageal varices. Methods: A systematic literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases for relevant studies on the outcome of rebleeding events after endoscopy in primary prophylaxis compared to that in secondary prophylaxis. The following keywords were used: esophageal varices, children, endoscopy, primary prophylaxis and bleeding. The quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and statistically analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 174 children were included from four eligible articles. All four studies were considered of high-quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Patients who received primary prophylaxis had 79% lower odds of bleeding than those who received secondary prophylaxis (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.66; I²=0%, p=0.008). Patients in the primary prophylaxis group underwent fewer endoscopic procedures to eradicate varices than those in the secondary prophylaxis group, with a mean difference of 1.73 (95% CI, 0.91-2.56; I²=62%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Children with high-risk varices who underwent primary prophylaxis were less likely to experience future bleeding episodes and required fewer endoscopic procedures to eradicate the varices than children who underwent secondary prophylaxis.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2014

Dabigatran is the first oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Because dabigatran is excreted mainly by the kidneys, serum levels of dabigatran can be elevated to a supratherapeutic range in patients with renal failure, predisposing to emergent bleeding. We describe the case of a 66-year-old man taking dabigatran 150 mg twice daily for atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction who presented with hematochezia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Laboratory evaluation showed a hemoglobin level of 6.3 g/dL, platelets of $138,000/mm^3$, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 10 s, and an international normalized ratio (INR) of 8.17. Colonoscopy showed a bleeding anal fissure. Hemostasis was provided by hemoclips and packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were transfused. Since then, there was no further hematochezia, however, bleeding including oral mucosal bleeding, hematuria, and intravenous site bleeding persisted. At presentation, his serum creatinine was 4.96 mg/dL (baseline creatinine, 0.9 mg/dL). Dabigatran toxicity secondary to acute kidney injury was presumed. Because acute kidney injury of unknown cause was progressing after admission, he was treated with hemodialysis. Fresh frozen plasma transfusion was provided with hemodialysis. At 15 days from admission, there was no further bleeding, and laboratory values, including hemoglobin, partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time were normalized. He was discharged without bleeding. After 2 months, he undergoes dialysis three times per week and no recurrence of bleeding has been observed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.840-847
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• 2003

최근 전력사용량의 증가에 따라 화력발전소에서 발생하는 석탄회량도 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인한 환경오염, 생태계 파괴 등의 문제가 크게 대두됨에 따라 이러한 석탄회를 재활용하기 위한 노력이 국가 사회적으로 시급히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 물-시멘트비 및 바텀애쉬 대체율에 따른 콘크리트의 공학적 특성을 비교검토하기 위하여, 물-시멘트비를 40, 50, 60%, 바텀애쉬 대체율을 0, 10, 20, 35, 50%로 설정하여 제조한 콘크리트의 특성을 비교 분석함으로서 바텀애쉬의 효율적 활용방안 및 이용기술의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 실험결과, 블리딩량의 경우 바텀애쉬 대체율이 증가할수록 다소 감소하였으며, 바텀애쉬를 대체한 콘크리트의 염화물 함유량은 대체율이 증가할수록 상대적으로 증가하였으나, 콘크리트 표준시방서에서 제안하고 있는 $0.30kg/m^3$ 이하를 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 압축강도의 경우 바텀애쉬를 대체한 콘크리트와 플레인콘크리트가 유사한 수준으로 나타났으며, 바텀애쉬 대체율이 증가할수록 상대적으로 중성화 깊이가 증가하였으나 물-시멘트비가 감소함에 따라 이러한 차이가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2014

This study aimed at summarizing published study findings on the diagnostic value of rectal bleeding (RB) and informing clinical practice, preventive interventions and future research areas. We searched Medline and Embase for studies published by September 13, 2013 examining the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with RB using highly inclusive algorithms. Data for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and positive predictive value (PPV) of RB were extracted by two researchers and analyzed applying Meta-Disc (version 1.4) and Stata (version 11.0). Methodological quality of studies was assessed according to QUADAS. A total of 38 studies containing 5,626 colorectal cancer patients and 73,174 participants with RB were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.45-0.48) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.96-0.96) respectively. The overall PPVs ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 with a pooled value of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05-0.08). Being over the age of 60 years, change in bowel habit, weight loss, anaemia, colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives and feeling of incomplete evacuation of rectum appeared to increase the predictive value of RB. Although RB greatly increases the probability of diagnosing colorectal cancer, it alone may not be sufficient for proposing further sophisticated investigations. However, given the high specificity, subjects without RB may be ruled out of further investigations. Future studies should focus on strategies using RB as an "alarm" symptom and finding additional indications to justify whether there is a need for further investigations.