• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.153-160
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• 2018

3D ultrasound bladder scanners are getting popular in hospitals for the patients with bladder dysfunction. A current bladder scanner adopts a mechanical scan to acquire 3D images and requires two motors and complicated mechanical devices. In this paper, we propose a new ultrasound bladder scanner using hand-motion scan. Instead of two motors and mechanical devices, it has a motion sensor to record transducer positions during hand-motion scan. The experiments with a bladder phantom and volunteers showed similar measurement accuracy to a conventional 3D ultrasound bladder scanner. We expect that the proposed method will reduce the cost and size of the bladder scanner.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3273-3277
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• 2015

Network scale up (NSU) is a novel approach to estimate parameters in hard to reach populations through asking people the number of individuals they know in their active social network. Although the method have been used in hidden populations, advantages of NSU indicate that exploration of applicability to disease like cancer might be feasible. The aim of this study was to assess the application of NSU to estimate the size of the population of breast, ovarian/cervical, prostate, and bladder cancers in the South-east of Iran. A total of 3,052 (99% response rate) Kermanian people were interviewed in 2012-2013. Based on NSU, participants were asked about if they know any people on their social network who suffered from breast, ovarian/cervical, prostate, and bladder cancers, if yes, they should enumerate them. A total of 1,650 persons living with four types of cancers (breast, ovary/cervix, prostate, and bladder) were identified by the respondents. Totally, the prevalence of people living with the four types of cancers was 228.4 per 100,000 Kermanian inhabitants. The most prevalent cancer was breast cancer, at 168.9 per 100,000, followed by prostate cancer with 116.9, ovarian/cervical cancer with 99.8, and bladder cancer with 36.3 per 100000 Kerman city population. NSU values provide a usable but not very precise way of estimating the size of subpopulations in the context of the four major cancers (breast, ovary/cervix, prostate, and bladder).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.181-184
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• 2012

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux with urinary tract infection or congenital renal diseases in children. The procedure is relatively simple and cost-effective, and complications are very rare. The iatrogenic complication of VCUG range from discomfort, urinary tract infection to bacteremia, as well as bladder rupture. Bladder rupture is a rare complication of VCUG, and only a few cases were reported. Bladder rupture among healthy children during VCUG is an especially uncommon event. Bladder rupture associated with VCUG is usually more common in chronically unused bladders like chronic renal failure. Presented is a case of bladder rupture that occurred during a VCUG in a healthy 9-month-old infant, due to instilled action of dye by high pressure. This injury completely healed after 7 days of operation, and it was confirmed with a postoperative cystography. The patient's bladder volume, underlying disease, velocity of the contrast media instilled, catheter size, and styles of instillation are important factors to prevent bladder rupture during VCUG. Management of bladder rupture should be individualized, but the majority of infants are treated with the operation. In conclusion, bladder rupture is a rare complication, however, delicate attention is needed in order to prevent more dire situations.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

Current clinical methods for diagnosing urination disorder are invasive, expensive, and very inconvenient to perform continuous monitoring. EIT is a non-invasive technique that injects electrical current through an external electrodes and measures the induced voltage to visualize the internal electrical (impedance) characteristics, which makes it possible to monitor bladder conditions with low cost. The signal characteristics of the measured voltage data changes according to the current pattern injected through the electrode and affects reconstruction performance. In this paper, image reconstruction performance is compared and analyzed according to the injected current patterns to maximize the sensitivity to the variation of bladder size.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 1994

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare tumor which occurs in about 0.48 % of all bladder tumors. We report cytologic features of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a 66-year-old man who had painless total gross hematuria, which was confirmed by partial cystectomy. In urine cytology, abundant tumor cells appeared in scattered and clustered forms in a bloody background. The tumor cells were small and uniform in size with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The nuclei of the tumor cells were hyperchromatic, characteristically molded and showed inconspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasms were scanty and pale blue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.205-208
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• 2017

Study purposes were to evaluate ultrasonographic characteristics of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and quantitate bladder tumor size in dogs. Heterogeneous mass, wall involvement, and broad-based attachment were significantly associated with TCC, but not prominently the trigone region. Mass size evaluation revealed a significant correlation between progressive disease (PD) in TCC patients with piroxicam therapy. Largest diameter of target lesion/body weight (cm/kg) ratio showed a high mean value in PD. A value > 0.3 was associated with PD with 83% sensitivity and 66% specificity. The results suggest that ultrasonography can provide evidence for diagnosing and predicting a prognosis for TCC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6063-6066
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• 2012

Although alteration in the haptoglobin phenotype has been reported in patients with bladder cancer, serum haptoglobin levels have not been evaluated. We hypothesized that serum haptoglobin can be used as a biomarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of haptoglobin in bladder cancer and to determine the relationship with clinicopathological features. A total of 68 serum specimens obtained before surgery were used to investigate haptoglobin expression using the sandwich ELISA technique. Serum haptoglobin levels were higher in the patients with bladder cancer compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). Additionally, the levels of haptoglobin protein increased with increasing tumor grades (p<0.001) and were significantly higher in patients with metastatic disease and the presence of lymphovascular involvement, lymph node metastases and increasing tumor burden (p<0.0001). This study suggests that elevated haptoglobin levels are associated with a higher stage, grade, and extent of distant metastasis and larger tumor size. Haptoglobin may therefore provide a useful diagnostic and treatment biomarker for patients with bladder cancer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2015

Controlled broadband acoustic scattering laboratory experiments were conducted using a linear chirp signal (95-220 kHz), and x-ray images of live and model fish with an artificial swim bladder were analyzed to investigate the changes in orientation and frequency dependence of target strength (TS) due to morphological differences in fish swim bladders. The broadband echoes from live and model fish were measured over an orientation angle range of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ in the dorsal plane and in approximately $1^{\circ}$ increments. The location of nulls in the simulated echo response of the SINC [sinc function] model was overlaid on the TS map, showing the orientation and frequency dependence of fish TS, and they matched very well. It was possible to infer the equivalent fish scattering size (or swim bladder) using the null spacing in the experimentally obtained broadband TS map. Good agreement was observed for inferring the equivalent scattering size between the SINC model and the broadband echoes measured for the three fish species (black scraper Thamnaconus modestus; goldeye rockfish Sebastes thompsoni; and whitesaddled reef fish Chromis notatus). Some results of this inference are discussed.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a decrease in indwelling catheter size and preoperative education on bladder discomfort and nursing needs. The study was conducted on patients in the recovery room after their surgery. Methods: This study is a randomized control trial. Data were collected from September 2011 to February 2012 at a university hospital in Bundang, Korea. The sample consisted of 75 patients, excluding one patient from the experimental group 2. From among the patients that were sent to the ICU, 24 were in experimental group 1, 24 were in experimental group 2, and 27 were in the control group. Data were collected and analyzed using a chi-square test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences between the bladder discomfort experienced by patients in experimental group 1 and the control group, and experimental group 2 and the control group. Then nursing needs of the control group were higher than those of the experimental groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: The decrease in indwelling catheter size and preoperative nursing education is an effective nursing intervention in perioperative care.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4539-4543
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• 2013

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most predominant type of urinary bladder tumor. As cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is recently introduced as an attractive target molecule in bladder TCC, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of this marker and its association with several clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Pathology department of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2006-2011. Ninety-two paraffin embedded blocks were selected from patients with urinary bladder TCC who underwent cystectomy or transurethral resection (TUR). Then, we assessed COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical staining using antibody against COX-2. Staining in more than 5% of tumor cells was considered as positive expression. Results: COX-2 was expressed in 50 % of our patients. This marker was markedly expressed in high grade bladder TCC (62.1%) versus other grades and there was statistically a significant difference in COX-2 expression between various grades (p=0.008). In addition, patients' age, lymphatic and perineurial invasion were associated with the expression of COX-2 (p=0.001, 0.015 and 0.039, respectively). However, other parameters such as stage, tumor size, venous invasion and lymph node metastasis did not show any significant relationship with this marker (all, p>0.05). Conclusions: COX-2 was expressed in urinary bladder TCC especially in high grade forms, advocating its probable role in the differentiation of this tumor. Accordingly, COX-2 could be a valuable biological target molecule in the evaluation and treatment of patients with bladder TCC.