• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.328-333
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• 2010

Comparative molecular field analyses (CoMFA) on the antiproliferative activity of N-substituted (R) 2-amino-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole analogues (ADTs: 1-17) against bladder cancer (HCV29T) and rectal cancer (SW707) cells were studied quantitatively. The statistical predictability and fitness of CoMFA A1 model for bladder cancer cells were better than those of CoMFA F1 model for rectal cancer cells and the antiproliferative activity of ADTs depends on steric field (HCV29T: 93.1% & SW707: 83.8%). Also, from the contour maps of optimized CoMFA models, the activity for bladder cancer cells had predicted to increase when sterically favored groups were substituted on meta- and para-position, and sterically disfavored groups were substituted on one ortho-position of phenyl ring. The activity for rectal cancer cells had predicted to increase when sterically favored groups were substituted on para-position, and sterically disfavored groups were substituted on two ortho-position of phenyl ring as R-group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.689-692
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate correlations between adenosine triphosphate chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) and clinical outcomes after ATP-CRA-based chemotherapy for drug selection in patients receiving intravesical chemotherapy to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after surgery. Methods: The chemosensitivities of 12 anticancer drugs were evaluated, including 5-Fu ADM, and EPI, using ATP-CRA and primary tumor cell culture in 54 patients. In addition, a further 58 patients were treated according to clinical experience. Differences in post-chemotherapeutical effects between drug sensitivity assay and experience groups were compared. Results: The evaluable rate of the test was 96.3%, the clinical effective rate was 80.8%, the sensitivity rate was 97.6% (41/42), the specificity was 20%, the total predicting accuracy was 74.3%, the positive predictive value was 83.7% (41/49), the negative predictive value was 66.7% (2/3); in the drug sensitivity test group, the clinical effective rate was 80.8%, the experience group response rate was 63.8%, with a significant difference in clinical effects between the ATP-based sensitivity and experience groups (${\chi}^2$=7.0153, P<0.01). Conclusion: ATP-CRA is a stable, accurate and potentially practical chemosensitivity test providing a predictor of chemotherapeutic response in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.225-243
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• 1995

Benzidine Industry in Korea has started after Japan has banned its production in early 1970's, and it has been in operation in Korea for over 20 years. However, it is not known yet whether any bladder cancer has developed from benzidine exposure. This study was done to screen benzidine-exposed workers for bladder cancer, and to examine the feasibility of employing screening test at the workplace. All the workplaces that manufacture or use benzidine for more than 20 years in Korea have been covered in this study, and they include 2 benzidine manufacturing factories, 5 benzidine using factories, as well as 2 benzidine free factories as an outside control. In total, 516 workers were screened with urine stick test and urine cytology test for the evidence of hematuria and abnormal urothelial cells. Each worker was also asked about risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer including past medical history, smoking, medication and occupational history Benzidine in the air was measured by personal and area sampling. Out of 516 screened workers, 84(16.3%) workers showed positive hematuria in urine stick test, and 7(1.4%) workers showed degenerative cells in urine cytology tests. Those workers with abnormal urine test results who have been exposed to benzidine fo more than 10 years were further screened, and, in total, 23 workers were examined with intra-venous pyelography and cystoscopy. None of those screened had any evidence of bladder cancer When workers with only past hematuria history were included in the positive hematuria group, 96(18.5%) had positive hematuria. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, positive hematuria was significantly associated with benzidine exposure, history of other occupations with elevated bladder cancer risk, pyuria and glycosuria. The association got stronger as direct benzidine exposure was accounted through individual task analysis, and as exposure duration was accounted with tenure analysis. For those with benzidine exposure with more than 10 years of tenure, the odds of having positive hematuria was elevated 2.14(95%C.I is 1.08 to 4.25) times more than for those without exposure. Even though bladder cancer was not detected for several limitations including short observation period, majority of studied workers with short latency, healthy worker effect, and low sensitivity of single screening test in a cross-sectional study, the study results suggest that hematuria screening is a feasible and very useful test for bladder cancer screening among benzidine exposed workers.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.415-421
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• 2017

In the case of radiation therapy for prostate cancer, a balloon infused with a certain amount of air through the anus is used to reduce rectal dose. Because of the reason, radiation therapy for prostate cancer has acquired CBCT for daily image induction. In order to maintain the anatomical structure most similar to the first CT taken before treatment, it is pretreated, but it can not be said to be perfectly consistent. In two actual treatment regimens, the volume of the bladder was measured as 45.82 cc and 63.43 cc, and the equivalent diameter was 4.4 cm and 4.9 cm. As a result of this study, the mean volume of the bladder was estimated to be 56.2 cc, 105.6 cc by 20 CBCT. The mean dose of CBCT was 1.74% and the mean Bladder mean dose was 96.67%. In case B, PTV mean dose was 4.31%, Bladder mean Dose was estimated to be 97.35%. The changes in the volume of the bladder resulted in changes in the dose of PTV and bladder. The correlation coefficient of bladder dose according to the change of bladder volume showed linearity of mean dose $R^2=-0.94$. The correlation coefficient of the PTV dose according to the volume change of the bladder showed linearity of mean dose $R^2=0.04$. It was found that the dose change of PTV was larger than that of bladder according to the change of bladder volume.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3549-3553
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• 2012

Primary small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is a rare but aggressive disease with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. It accounts for less than 1 % of all the primary cancers seen in the urinary bladder. Diagnosis and management of this entity poses a challenge to the clinician due to the lack of a standardized protocol for its treatment. Herein we discuss primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in its entirety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7869-7873
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• 2014

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, are immunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We tested the association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the risk of bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association of these SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotype distributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, among patients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancer was significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype (OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+CC (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygous genotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover among high risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 beta heterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86, p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggests that IL-12(3'UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ (methylene diphosphonate) were obtained and analysed in 574 patients with biopsy-proven malignancy, who visited Seoul National University Hospital from April, 1979 to June, 1931. Clinical staging was done in all patients without bone scan information and compared with bone scan to determine the predictive value of bone scanning. 1. Primary site of the maligancies were lung in 152, breast in 97, stomach in 43, colon in 15, esophagus in 9, liver and pancreas in 11, kidney in 14, bladder in 27, prostate in 22, thyroid in 20, skin in 11, bone in 9, head and neck in 36, ovary and uterus in 17, hematopoietic and lymphoretic ular system in 33, nervous system in 10, and others in 9 cases. Primary site was not defined in 39 cases. 2. Bone scans were positive in 186 cases (32.4%), which, included 48 cases (31.6%) of lung cancer, 27 cases (27.8%) of breast cancer, 12 cases(28%) of stomach cancer, 6 cases(40%) of colon cancer, 6 cases(43%) of kidney tumor, 4 cases(15%) of bladder cancer, 14 cases(64%) of prostate cancer, 3 cases(15%) of thyroid cancer and 66 other cases. 3. Bone scans were suspicious in 64 cases (11.2%) which included 29 cases (19.1%) of lung cancer, 10 cases (10.3%) of breast cancer, 4 cases (9.3%) of stomach cancer, one case (7%) of colon cancer, 3 cases(11%) of bladder cancer, 2 cases(10%) of thyroid cancer and 15 other cases. 4. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malignancy (which included 20 cases of lung cancer in stage I, II, 38 cases of breast cancer, 13 cases of stomach cancer, 8 cases of kidney tumor, 14 cases of thyroid cancer in stage $I{\sim}III$, and 6 cases of colon cancer, 14 cases of bladder cancer, 8 cases of prostate cancer in stage $A{\sim}C$, bone scans were positive in 5 cases (4.1%) which included 3 cases of lung cancer one case of breast cancer and one case of prostate cancer, and considered as further advanced stage. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malgnancy, bone scans were suspicious in 21 cases (17.4%) which inlcuded 9 cases of lung cancer, 4 cases of breast cancer, 2 cases of stomach cancer, one case of colon cancer, 3 cases of bladder cancer, and 2 cases of thyroid cancer. From these results, we concluded bone scan was useful in detecting bone metastasis in patients of early stage of malignancy, determining prognosis and establishing therapentic plan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3315-3318
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• 2013

Gall bladder carcinoma is the most common cancer of biliary tree, characterized by rapid progression and a very high mortality rate. Detection at an early stage, however, is indicative of a very good prognosis and prolonged survival. The practice of histopathological examination of gall bladder specimens removed for clinically benign conditions and its usefulness has been a subject of controversy. The present prospective study was carried out over a period of four years in order to find out the incidence of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma in cholecystectomy specimens received in our histopathology laboratory and to analyze their clinico-pathological features. A total of 4,115 cases were examined. Incidentally detected cases comprised 0.44%, which accounted for 72% of all gall bladder carcinomas detected. The majority were in an early, surgically resectable stage. From the results of this study we recommend that in India and other countries with relatively high incidences of gall bladder carcinoma, all cholecystectomy specimens should be submitted to histopathology laboratory, as this is the only means by which malignancies can be detected at an early, potentially curable stage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.320-332
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• 2005

Objectives: The aim of the experiment is to identify any anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke on stomach, liver, urinary bladder, prostate and kidney cancer cells. Materials & Methods: For cancer cells, AGS stomach, Hep3B and Hep3G2 liver, HT-1197, HT-1376 urinary bladder, PC3 prostate, and A-704 kidney cancer cells, all obtained from Korean Ce 11 Line Bank, were used. The boiled extract of Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke (10 and 20 microliters) was injected into cultures, and the cultures were observed at 0, 6 and 12 hours, and from then on at 12 hours intervals up to 72 hours. The destruction of stomach, liver, urinary bladder, prostate and kidney cancer cells were measured through Trypan blue exclusion testing. The suppresion on viability of stomach, liver, urinary bladder, prostate and kidney cancer cells was measured via MTT assay. Anti-cancer mechanisms were assessed by analyzing the cell cycle. Results: In morphologic change, AGS, Hep3B, HepG2 showed the withdrawn and floating appearance that is typical in cellular impairment. The destruction of AGS, HT-1197, HT-1376, A-704, PC-3, Hep3B and HepG2 cancer cells in each test group was greater than that in the control group to a statistically significant degree. The suppression on viability of AGS, HT-1197 and Hep3G in each test group was greater than that in the control group to a statistically significant degree. Analysis of the cell cycle after injection of D... Focke showed inhibition of cell division in all test groups(AGS, Hep3B, HepG2, HT-1197, HT-1376, PC3, A-704). Conclusions: The results of this experiment suggest that Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke has statistically significant anti-tumor effects on stomach, urinary bladder, kidney, prostate and liver cancer, of which stomach and liver cancer are prominently significant. This in vitro experiment supports a role for Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke as a potential cancer treatment, but progressive research on Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke and its anti-tumor effects is needed to develop a practical application for it in cancer treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6819-6822
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new scoring system in Korean patients with hematuria at high risk of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 319 consecutive patients presenting with painless hematuria without a history of bladder cancer were analyzed, from the period of August 2012 to February 2014. All patients underwent clinical examination, and 22 patients with incomplete data were excluded from the final validation data set. The scoring system included four clinical parameters: age (${\geq}50$ = 2 vs. <50 =1), gender (male = 2 vs. female = 1), history of smoking (smoker/ex-smoker = 4 vs. non-smoker = 2) and nature of the hematuria (gross = 6 vs. microscopic = 2). Results: The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) of the scoring system was 0.718 (0.655-0.777). The calibration plot demonstrated a slight underestimation of bladder cancer probability, but the model had reasonable calibration. Decision curve analysis revealed that the use of model was associated with net benefit gains over the treat-all strategy. The scoring system performed well across a wide range of threshold probabilities (15%-45%). Conclusions: The scoring system developed is a highly accurate predictive tool for patients with hematuria. Although further improvements are needed, utilization of this system may assist primary care physicians and other healthcare practitioners in determining a patient's risk of bladder cancer.