• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2017

Anterior diastemas are common esthetic problems. One of the challenges in clinical esthetic dentistry is closing anterior diastemas without creating "black triangles" between the teeth. The success of a restorative treatment in anterior teeth depends on the esthetic integration between soft tissues and hard tissues. This report describes the successfully accomplished diastema closure case by producing the emergence profile with natural contours at the gingival-tooth interface and then generating of gingival recontouring process.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.515-520
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• 2011

One of the most challenging task in closing anterior diastema is avoiding "black triangle" between the teeth. This paper reports a case that the closure of diastema in anterior teeth could be successfully accomplished using direct adhesive restorations and gingival recontouring. The traditional technique using Mylar strip was modified to increase the emergence profile with natural contours at the gingival-tooth interface. Mylar strip was extended out of the sulcus by approximately 1 mm high from the gingival margin, and a small cotton pellet was used to provide the emergence contour. This modified approach is acceptable for the clinical situation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 1998

It is difficult to make an artificial central incisor similar to natural tooth. All ceramic porcelain of this patient is not esthetic, and there is gingival recession due to ill-fitted margin. She has class II division 1 occlusion, so upper central incisors is labioversed. Upper light central incisor is well-characterized but the yellowish brown color of dentin is appeared on the incisal third portion of the central incisor. At 1st trial, the shape and characterization of restoration is good but shade is little dark. At 2nd trial, the shape is better but patient complained on black triangle of mid interdental space, so mesiocervical portion of restoration is overcontoured to compromise the black triangle. Completed metal ceramic crown is in harmony with the adjacent central incisor in aspect of shape, shade, and characterization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.2 s.92
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• pp.92-104
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• 2005

This study aimed to reveal the concept and background of emergence of black leather jacket that began appearing in full-scale among youth sub-culture from 1950's, and to research its styles and aesthetic features on the basis of that. The researcher has intended to a theoretical frame to recreate black leather jacket which has been developing in youth sub-culture style as a resource of new design in modern fashion trend through this study There are 5 styles of black leather jacket in youth sub-culture after 1950's. Firstly, biker style black leather jacket showed ruined war heroes substituting for military uniform. Secondly, rocker style black leather jacket brought the conversion in definition of masculinity. Thirdly, greaser style black leather jacket showed the beauty of uncleanness expressing resistance and violence with tattered dirty materials and excessive metal ornaments. Fourthly, headbanger style black leather jacket was prominent in various and compound decoration due to combination of rocker and hippie features. fifthly, punk style black leather jacket was influenced greatly by Sex Pistols. There are broadly three ecstatic features oi black leather jacket among youth sub-culture. With regard to displaying terrorism, black leather jacket displayed threatening aspects with black color, formative beauty of inverted triangle, additional decoration, and animal & brutal feelings. Paradoxical trophyism showed Nihilism, disorder, and resistance through black color that symbolize bad luck and unstability, trophyism with bad flavor, tattered material effect, and destructive message painting. Masculine eroticism appeared in accordance with pursuing after pleasure and masculine sexuality through exposure of buttocks and focused penis due to jacket's short length, and fetish of black.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.438-444
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• 2021

Objectives: Loss of the interdental papilla is multi-factorial and creates a multitude of problems. Autogenous connective tissue/biomaterial-based regeneration has been attempted for decades to reconstitute the black space created due to the loss of papilla. The aim of this present study was to regenerate papillary recession defects using an amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) allograft and to evaluate the clinical outcome up to six months postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with 25 Nordland and Tarnow's Class I/II interdental papillary recession defects were treated with ACM and coronal advancement of the gingivo-papillary unit via a semilunar incision on the labial aspect followed by a sulcular incision in the area of interest. A photographic image analysis was carried out using the GNU Image Manipulation software program from the baseline to three and six months postoperatively. The black triangle height (BTH) and the black triangle width (BTW) were calculated using the pixel size and were then converted into millimeters. The mean and standard deviation values were determined at baseline and then again at three and six months postoperatively. The probability values (P<0.05 and P≤0.01) were considered statistically significant and highly significant, respectively. An analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test were carried out to compare the mean values. Results: Our evaluation of the BTH and BTW showed a statistically and highly significant difference from the baseline until both three and six months postoperatively (P=0.01). A post hoc Bonferroni test disclosed a statistically significant variance from the baseline until three and six months postoperatively (P<0.05) and a non-significant difference from three to six months after the procedure (P≥0.05). Conclusion: An ACM allograft in conjunction with a coronally advanced flap could be a suitable minimally invasive alternative for papillary regeneration.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.340-358
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to fundamentally examine the vests of the robes "Daeraebok" and "Soraebok" of the Korean Empire from the 1876 Port Opening to the 1910 annexation of Korea to Japan. Among the collections of different robes of the Korean Empire which belong to various universities and institutions, only the vests were surveyed. The shape of the vests in the Korean Empire were single-breasted and double-breasted. Most V-necklines and vests with a shawl collar look like a tailored collar, where the collar outline was shaped like a notched and picked collar, which is a mix of the step collar and roll collar of the 19th century. The rear center line was not flat, but inclined to a triangle. All vests of the robe Daeraebok were equipped with gold buttons, and those of the robe Soraebok had black satin buttons. The tailoring characteristic is that the front has a different material (dark black wool) from the back (black silk). This characteristic is expected to be an important basic piece of information in the restoration and reproduction of the vest, which was worn during the imperial period, especially to reveal its shape, characteristics and composition. This characteristic can also be used as data of cultural contents based on Korean modern history.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-45
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• 2001

In recent years, clinicians' and dentists' esthetic demands in dentistry have increased rapidly. The ultimate goal in modern restorative dentistry is to achieve "white" and "pink" esthetics in the esthetically important zones. Therefore, modern esthetic dentistry involves not only the restoration of lost teeth and their associated hard tissues, but increasingly the management and reconstruction of the encasing gingiva with adequate surgical techniques. Interdental space are filled by interdental papilla in the healthy gingiva, preventing plaque deposition and protecting periodontal tissue from infection. This also inhibits impaction of food remnants and whistling through the teeth during speech. These functional aspects are obviously important, but esthetic aspects are important as well. Complete and predictable restoration of lost interdental papillae remains one of the biggest challenges in periodontal reconstructive surgery. One of the most challenging and least predictable problems is the reconstruction of the lost interdental papilla. The interdental papilla, as a structure with minor blood supply, was left more or less untouched by clinicians. Most of the reconstructive techniques to rebuild lost interdental papillae focus on the maxillary anterior region, where esthetic defects appear interproximally as "black triangle". Causes for interdental tissue loss are, for example, commom periodontal diseases, tooth extraction, excessive surgical periodontal treatment, and localized progressive gingiva and periodontal diseases. If an interdental papilla is absent because of a diastema, orthodontic closure is the treatment of choice. "Creeping" papilla formation has been described by closing the interdental space and creating a contact area. In certain cases this formation can also be achieved with appropriate restorative techniques and alteration of the mesial contours of the adjacent teeth. The presence of an interdental papilla depends on the distance between the crest of bone and the interproximal contact point, allowing it to fill interdental spaces with soft tissue by altering the mesial contours of the adjacent teeth and positioning the contact point more apically. The interdental tissue can also be conditioned with the use of provisional crowns prior to the definitive restoration. If all other procedures are contraindicated or fail, prosthetic solutions have to be considered as the last possibility to rebuild lost interdental papillae. Interdental spaces can be filled using pink-colored resin or porcelain, and the use of a removable gingival mask might be the last opportunity to hide severe tissue defects.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2002

The black triangle is a common clinical finding in aged people with gingival recessions. Among other prosthetic treatment molalities such as composite resin filling and laminate venners, the all ceramic restoration procedure can lead to most successful result. With improved bonding strength and ceramic properties, the tooth preparation design for all-ceramic crown can be modified to minimize the reduction of sound tooth structure without loosing properties of conventional preparation design. Case selection is an important factor in acheiving succesful prosthesis. In this case report, the leucite reinforced pressable ceramic, $Authentic^{TM}$ [Ceramay, Germany] was used to fabricate the prosthesis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

With the understanding of tooth crown biomechanics and the progress of dentin adhesives, bonded porcelain restorations including a porcelain laminate veneer present an extended spectrum of indications for anterior teeth. Porcelain laminate veneer as a restoration offers the conservative solution that balances the functional and esthetic needs of the anterior dentition. Porcelain's stiffness, its surface characteristics, and the biomechanical strength achieved through bonding to tooth surface enable the restoration of the tooth as a whole supporting occlusal force and masticatory function. Namely, the optical effects inherent in the tooth and the lifelike features of the porcelain make that this restoration approaches the ultimate in esthetic satisfaction for both the dentist and the patient. A 49-year-old female patient with the incisal discoloration of upper central incisors and black triangle between the central incisors was referred to correct her esthetic problems with prosthodontic approach. The patient was satisfied with two porcelain laminate veneers that were made according to prof. Magne and Belser's recommendation.