• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

한지제지 공정 중에서 발생하는 백색슬러지와 흑색슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60)로 목재 섬유와 혼합하고 PMDI, 요소 및 폐놀수지를 이용하여 목표비중 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합보드를 제조한 결과 전반적으로 볼 때 PMDI수지를 적용한 백색슬러지-목재섬유 복합보드나 요소수지를 적용한 흑색슬러지-목재섬유 복합보드의 경우 20% 정도까지의 슬러지 첨가는 거의 통상적인 보드에 대용하는 기계적 성질을 지닌다고 믿어진다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

한지제조공정(韓紙製造工程) 중(中)에서 발생(發生)하는 백색 슬러지와 흑색 슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10, 20, 30, 40%)로 목재(木材)파티클과 혼합(混合)하고 PMDI, 요소 및 페놀수지를 이용하여 목표비중(目標比重) 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합(複合)보드를 제유(製遺)하여 기포적(機捕的) 성질(性質)을 측정한 결과 파티클보드에 한지(韓紙) 슬러지를 약 20%까지는 혼합(混合)하여 복합재(複合材)를 제조하여도 충분히 가능(可能)하리라 믿어진다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2008

In the present work, the choice of the nano carbon black and optimum mixed ratio and effectiveness of the mixed carbon black to get a raw data for a manufacturing method of conductive complex board. Optimum mixed ratio of paper sludge & water was 1 : 2.5 for reformations. HB-41-Y was cheaper than Super-P with the single carbon black. Also electric conductivity of HB-41-Y($6.406{\times}10^{-2}\;{\Omega}cm^{-1}$) was about 6.5 times higher than Super-P($9.741{\times}10^{-3}\;{\Omega}cm^{-1}$) at 20 wt% carbon black. This time optimum mixture ratio of the paper sludge and the carbon black to be about 15 wt%, optimum mixed ratio HB-41Y and Graphite about 3:1 and its electric conductivity was $5.824{\times}10^{-2}\;{\Omega}cm^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1999

한지제지 공정 중에서 발생하는 백색슬러지와 흑색슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60)로 목재 섬유와 혼합하고 PMDI, 요소 및 폐지수지를 이용하여 목표비중 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합보드를 제조한 결과 전반적으로 볼 때 백색슬러지를 20% 정도까지 혼합하고 PMDI 수지를 적용하면 통상적인 보드와 유사하거나 오히려 더 좋은 치수안정성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 흑색슬러지의 경우는 요소수지를 사용하거나 PMDI 수지의 첨가량을 증가시켜 조절한다면 20%의 슬러지 첨가량까지는 치수안정성 면에서 통상적인 보드와 큰 차이가 없는 보드를 제조할 수 있다고 믿어진다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

한지(韓紙) 제조(製造) 공정(工程) 중에서 발생하는 백색 슬러지와 흑색 슬러지를 각각 일정비율(10, 20, 30, 40%)로 목재(木材) 파티클과 혼합(混合)하고 PMDI, 요소 및 페놀수지를 이용하여 각각 목표비중(目標比重) 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 별로 복합(複合)보드를 제조(製造)하여 물리적(物理的) 성질(性質)을 측정 분석한 결과 흡수길이변화율은 대조보드에 비해 크게 증가하지 않았으며 흡수두께팽창율은 PMDI를 적용한 백색 슬러지 목재(木材) 파티클 복합(複合)보드가 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 흡수율은 흑색 슬러지 목재(木材) 파티클 복합(複合)보드의 경우 혼합(混合) 비율(比率)이 증가할수록 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1999

In this study, it was attempted to remove nitrate and carbon in a single-stage reactor using acetate as substrate. Hybrid type upflow sludge baffled filter reactor was adopted using anaerobic sludge. Sludge bed in the bottom of reactor was intended to remove carbon and nitrate by denitrification and methanogenesis. And floating media in the upper part of reactor were intended to remove remaining carbon which was not removed due to the inhibition of nitrogen oxide on methane producing bacteria. The reactor removed over 96% of COD and most of nitrate with volumetric loading rate of $4.0kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}day$, hydraulic retention time of 24hr, 4,000mgCOD/L, and $266mgNO_3-N/L$. Nitrate in anaerobic sludge was converted to nitrogen gas(denitrification) or ammonia (ammonification) according to pH of influent, COD removal efficiency was easily affected by the change of volumetric loading rates and nitrate concentration. And when influent pH was about 4.7, most nitrate changed to ammonia while when influent pH was about 6.8~7.0, most nitrate denitrified independent of $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio. Most granules were gray and a few were black. In gray-colored granule, black inner side was covered with gray substance and SEM illustrated Methanoccoci type microorganisms which were compact spherical shape. Anaerobic filter removed residual COD effectively which was left in sludge bed due to the inhibition of nitrogen oxide.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 반도체 제조공정에서 발생한 실리콘 슬러지(SS)를 재활용하여 라이다 센서에 인식 가능한 검은색 소재(SS/bTiO₂)로 제조하고, 두 종류의 라이다 센서(MEMS 및 Rotating LiDAR)를 활용하여 제조한 소재의 인식률을 확인하였다. 상세히는, SS 표면의 금속 불순물을 제거하여 이산화티타늄을 도입하고 화학적 환원을 통해 SS/bTiO₂ 소재를 제조하였다. SS/bTiO₂는 투명 페인트와 혼합하여 친수성 검은색 도료로 제조하고 스프레이 건을 사용하여 유리 기판에 도포하였다. SS/bTiO₂ 기반의 도료는 상용화된 카본 블랙 기반의 도료와 유사한 명도(L^*=15.7)를 가짐과 동시에 우수한 근적외선 반사율(26.5R%, 905nm)을 나타내었다. 더불어, MEMS 및 Rotating 라이다를 통해서도 성공적으로 인식이 되는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 프레넬 반사 원리에 의해 검은색 이산화티타늄과 실리콘 슬러지 간의 계면에서 높은 반사가 일어났기 때문이다. 본 연구를 통해, 반도체 제조공정에서 발생하는 실리콘 슬러지를 효과적으로 재활용할 수 있는 새로운 응용 방안에 대하여 제시하였다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1987년도 제6회 학술강연회초록집
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• pp.1-27
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• 1987

1. Gasoline engine sludge is a major worldwide problem 2. U.S. and European sludge have similarities 3. Stop-go driving and longer oil drains make the problem worse 4. Fuel is a major influencing factor 5. Increased use of cracked components may be cause 6. Sludge can be peproduced in controlled field tests 7. Daimler benz M102E and ford PV-2 (VE) tests have been developed to overcome problem by higher oil quality 8. The M102E and PV-2 respond in a similar way to increased dispersancy 9. High dispersant ocp viscosity modifiers appear to have unique adbantage in both tests

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the Hanji sludge(black color)-wood fiber and wood particle composited applied by waste sludges arising from the making process of Hanji (Korea paper). In experimental design, four levels of the mixed ratio of Hanji sludge to wood fiber or wood particle(10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60), three kinds of the resin(PMDI, urea and phenol resin)and three kinds of the specific gravity(0.6, 0.75 and 0.9) were designed to determine the tensile strength of Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites. From the results and discussion, it may be concluded as follows: In Hanji sludge-wood fiber and wood particle composites, tensile strengths showed decreasing tendency absolutely by increasing Hanji sludge additive, but clearly increase with the increase of specific gravity. In Hanji sludge-wood fiber composites, there were no differences between PMDI and urea resin-bonded composites, but phenol resin-boned composites were made possibly until the addition of 30% Hanji sludge. On the other hand, Hnji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.6) have very low tensile strength values. But they were made favorably until the addition of 20% Hanji sludge in Hanji sludge-wood particle composites(SpGr=0.9).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2019

Tea is the most widely consumed beverage after water in the world. The consumption of iced tea has increased in Western countries and spiked among teenagers for enjoyment, freshening up and alertness. A teenager presented with symptoms of hepatitis. Liver ultrasound revealed sludge in the gallbladder. Laboratory investigations excluded all known causes of hepatotoxicity. Detail nutritional history revealed that the patient had been drinking 1.5-2 liters of black iced tea per day for the last three months. He was immediately advised to stop drinking any tea. Gradually all symptoms disappeared and two months after discontinuation of the tea, all liver enzymes returned to normal and the sludge in the gallbladder disappeared. This case report underlines the importance of a meticulous assessment of a child's dietary behavior when investigating a case of hepatotoxicity and raises awareness about the potential side effects of tea overconsumption.