• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.553-566
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• 1997

Origin, behavior and enrichment of environmental toxic elements from the Deokpyeong area were investigated on the basis of major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry. Coaly metapelites of the Deokpyeong area are subdivided into grey phyllite, dark grey phyllite, coaly slate and black slate, which are interbedded along the Ogcheon Supergroup. The coaly slate had been mined for coal, but mining is closed. The coaly and black slates are lower contents of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$, and higher contents of LOI, CaO, $Na_2O$ and BaO as compared with the phyllitic rocks. Rare earth elements are highly enriched in the coaly and black slate. Average compositions (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the coaly and black slate are revealed as As=127, Ba=30,163, Cd=18, Cr=740, Cu=84, Mo=378, Pb=43, Sb=12, Se=44, U=144, V=8,147 and Zn=292, which are extremely high concentrations than those in the NASC compositions. Major elements (average enrichment index; 5.34) in the coaly metapelites are mostly depleted, excepting $P_2O_5$ and BaO, normalized by NASC. Rare earth elements (average enrichment index; 1.48) are enriched in the coaly slate. On the basis of NASC, minor and/or environmental toxic elements in the coaly metapelites were strongly enriched of all the elements with the exception of Co, Cs, Ni and Sr. Average enrichment index of trace elements in coaly metapelite is 31.51 (coaly slate; 51.94 and black slate; 15.46). Especially, enrichment index of potentially toxic elements (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, U, V and Zn) of the rock is 46.10 (grey phyllite; 7.15, dark grey phyllite; 4.77, coaly slate; 88.96 and black slate; 22.11). These coal formations were deposited in basin of boundary between terrestrial and marine environments deduced to carbon, sulfur (C/S=2.2 to 275.7), trace and rare earth elements characteristics. Irregular behavior and dispersion between major, minor and rare earth elements of those metapelites indicates a variable source materials, incomplete mixing of differential source and/or reequilibrium of diagenesis and metamorphism.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

금산지역 항공 자력자료에 대하여 2차원 수치모델링 및 역산조합으로 구한 사전정보를 이용하는 3차원 자력역산을 수행하고 지질정보와 대비하여 함우라늄 층과 여타 옥천누층군 단위 암상에 대응하는 자기감수율의 공간적 분포특성을 고찰하였다. 체적당 자기감수율 분포 및 수평 슬라이스 시각화를 통해 흑색셰일형 함우라늄층인 흑색 점판암과 대응하는 자력이상 값은 우라늄 광화대와 전체적으로 양호한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 회색 혼펠스층 우라늄 광화대의 간접 지시자인 마전리층 및 암회색 점판암층 역시 석영반암 경계에서부터 동남쪽으로 발달하는 자력선구조 특성을 잘 보여주었다. 인접한 강한 자기감수율 이상을 보여주는 암회색 점판암과 분리하여 인지 가능한 함우라늄 흑색 점판암층의 최대 깊이는 고도 306m 기준으로 약 150m 안팎으로 판단하였다. 한편, 흑색 점판암층 남쪽의 마전리층은 다소 높은 자기감수율 분포를 보여주나 자기감수율의 공간적 변동이 심한 특징을 보이며 관입암인 주라기 화강암은 낮은 자기감수율 특성을 보여주는 반면, 백악기 화강암은 상대적으로 높은 자기감수율 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.4544-4554
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• 1977

The objective of this study was to measure and compare the radiation heat load generated through a few chosen shade-materials that would protect animals from the direct solar radiation heat in summer condition. The results obtained from this study are as follows; 1. when the materials were used in original state, the most effective material for radiation heat reduction was slate, followed by aluminum and galvanized steel successively. 2. The radiation heat load under the white top and black underside aluminum was 2.5 Cal. per hour per square cm less than that under the bare aluminum of their diurnal peak. 3. When the modified galvanized steel was used, the radiation heat load was reduced as much as 2.4 cal per hour per square cm by attaching plywood under the galvanized steel, 3.9 cal per hour per square cm by attaching plywood and coating white paint on the top of the galvanized steel. The galvanized steel covered by hay material showes similar result as that of the galvanized steel lined with plywood. 4. In case of slate, the radiation heat reduction value was increased by using bare slate, white top slate and white-top-black-underside slate in the descending order. 5. The calculated value of radiosity of inside surface of aluminum was about 20 percent of the radiation heat load, the reduced value of radiosity by coating paint was considered to be indirect indication of the effect of total radiation heat load reduction of painted surface. 6. About an hour of the time lag of radiation heat load peak on sept. 10 for slate materials should be investigated more comprehensively in future.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.567-586
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• 1997

Concentrations of several heavy metals in soils derived from black shale and slate have been reported to be higher than the average concentrations in non-polluted soils. This study describes and characterizes soil minerals, and investigates the distribution of heavy metals in soils, and then examines their relationship. Soils in the study area are mainly consist of guartz and feldspars with minor amount of kaolin, illite, vermiculite, chlorite and illite-vermiculite interstratified minerals. Mineral compositions are similar in mountain-, farmland-, and paddy-soils. The residual soils derived from sandy phyllites contain less illites than those from black shale and black slate. Heavy metals appear to be more concentrated in soils than in rocks. The concentrate ratios in soils to rocks ranges 1.1 times for Cr, 2 for Cu, 1.4 for Ni. The contour maps of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu contents using 0.43N $HNO_3$-extraction imply that these elements are highly concentrated in the soils near the past uranium exploration region, coal seams, black slate beds and tailings than other parts of the study area. The proportions of the day in most soils are less than 10%. In spite of small proportions of the clay, the concentrations of heavy metals from clay fractions to the total concentrations are high: 1~2.4 times for Co, 1.4~2.5 for Cu, 1.2~2.6 for Ni, 1~5 for Pb, 1~2.7 for Zn and 1.6~1.8 for Cr and V. The contents of organic carbons in clay fractions are also 1.5~3.9 times higher than in silt and sand fractions. Cu, Pb and organic carbons show positive relationship in all size fractions. In the size-fractionated soil profile samples, the contents of heavy metals and organic carbons show analogous trends with depth. For the clay fractions of soil profile samples, the contents of heavy metals with depth have analogous trends to abundances of vermiculites, which have the high CEC in main clay minerals.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.163-173
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• 1986

Black and graphite slates from the Okcheon metamorphic belt contain enriched values of uranium (average 200~250ppm) and molybdenum (average 150~200ppm). Uranium mineralization is closely associated with quartz and sulfide veinlets which are formed diagenetically in graphite slate. The uranium minerals were concentrated in outer part of graphite nodules. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of organic carbon from the metasediments including uranium bearing graphite slate range from -15.2 to -26.1‰ with a mean of -23.5‰. Meanwhile, ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of coal and coaly shale from some Paleozoic coal fields of South Korea vary from -19.4 to -23.9‰ with an average of -22.5‰. Isotopic compositions of vein calcite in uranium bearing slate range from -13.4 to -15.4‰ in ${\delta}^{13}C$ and +11.3 to +15.1‰ in ${\delta}^{18}O$ could indicate a reduced organic carbon source isotopically exchanged with a graphite of biogenic origin. Metamorphic temperature determined by a calcite-graphite isotope geothermometer was 383~$433^{\circ}C$ which corresponded to greenschist facies by Miyashiro (1973) and is consistent with metamorphic facies estimated by mineral assemblages (Lee, et al., 1981, and Kim, 1971). The fixation of uranyl species by carbonaceous matter in marine epicontinental environment, and remobilization of organouranium by diagenetic processes have attributed to the enrichment of uranium and heavy metals in the graphite slate of Okcheon metamorphic belt.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

금산지역의 흑색셰일형 우라늄광상에 대하여 항공 자력 및 방사능 탐사를 수행하였다. 각 자료의 암상분석과 선구조 분석에 의한 전반적인 지질 및 구조지질적 특성을 살펴보고 이에 기반한 우라늄 광화대의 특성화를 시도하였다. 자극화변환과 하향연속 이상도에서 우라늄광상을 배태하고 있는 흑색 및 암회색 점판암대의 뚜렷한 양의 이상을 인지함으로써 자력탐사의 적용성을 확인하였다. 이차미분 및 곡률을 이용한 선구조 분석을 통해 회색 혼펠스대와 흑색 점판암대를 대표하는 선구조를 도출하고 우라늄 광화대의 추가 부존 가능영역을 추정하였다. 이에 대한 우라늄광 배태여부는 방사능 총이상 및 우라늄 이상도에서 최종 확인하였다. 결론적으로 열변성기원의 우라늄광화대는 국부적인 반면, 흑색셰일형 광화대는 조사지역 전체에 북동-남서방향으로 연속되어 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 우라늄 광화대는 방사능 총이상의 선구조 분석을 통해 단층과 교차하는 곳은 단절되는 전형적인 구조지질적 특징을 보여주었다. 이상의 고찰로부터 항공 자력 및 방사능 탐사는 상호 보완적이며 따라서 병행 수행하는 것이 자료분석 및 해석에 매우 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1990

This study was based on 3 necropsies of patients affected with Balantidium coli dysentery from two pig farms. Grossly, the lesions involved the large intestine from cecum to rectum. Many variable-sized ulcers were diffusely scattered on the mucosa of the cecum and the colon which were covered with a necrotic, grayish white, slate black, or black membrane. The mucosa affected reddened and swollen. Microscopically, numerous balantidia penetrated In the mucosa of the colon and there they induced necrosis and desquamation of the epithelial cells, where inflammatory cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells were infiltrated.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.19-41
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• 1986

Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

• 지질공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

연구지역의 지질은 흑색천매암, 석회암 및 함역천매암과 중생대 관입안인 흑운모화강암과 석영반암으로 구성되어 있다. 이 중 흑색천매암이 분포하는 구간에서 건설 중인 도로 사면에서 절토사면 현황도(face map)를 4월부터 6월까지 3개월간 작성하였으며 이때 탄질슬레이트 분포지 부근을 포함 사면 내에는 3-4개소에서 사면붕괴와 산 정상부에는 최고 3 m의 변위를 보이며 움직이고 있음이 확인 되었다. 사면 붕괴의 원인은 엽리 및 단층 등의 불연속면의 경사방향이 사면의 경사방향과 일치하는 곳에서 붕괴가 발생하였고 탄질 슬레이트는 빗물을 머금을 때 팽창성을 가짐도 붕괴가 일어나는 원인이다. 반면 본 사면의 도로 맞은편 사면에서는 같은 암상 및 지질구조 조건을 가지고 있으나 엽리 및 불연속면들의 경사 방향이 사면의 경사 방향과 반대방향이므로 안정된 사면을 유지하고 있다. 사면의 붕괴가 일어난 곳에서 안정화를 위해 절개 후 복구(cut and cover) 방법으로 도로의 양쪽 사면 사이 도로 상에 터널 구조물을 설치하여 절개식 터널(cut and cover tunnel)을 시공하였으며 시공 후 사면은 안정화 되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.373-386
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• 2011

옥천변성대의 대표적인 우라늄 광화대인 괴산군 덕평리 일대의 흑색점판암과 이에 협재하는 함우라늄 탄질점판암을 상호 구분하여 이들에 대한 지구화학적 연구를 수행함으로써 우라늄 광상의 생성환경에 대해 고찰하였다. 희토류원소 함량은 탄칠점판암이 평균 254 ppm로서 혹색점판암(169 ppm) 보다 높고, 표준시료로 표준화한 결과 탄질시료의 Eu이 현저히 부화되어 나타난다. 산화환원지시원소에 해당하는 원소들의 경우 V, Cr, Co, Ni, Mo, 및 U 등이 흑색점판암에 비해 탄질점판암에서 현저히 부화되어 있는데, 특히, V은 흑색점판암에 비해 24배, Mo은 62배, U은 60배 가량 높게 산출된다. 이 밖에 백금족원소의 경우 Pd와 Pt가 탄질점판암에서 높은 함량을 나타낸다. 정의 Eu 이상을 비롯해 표준 해수기원 셰일에 비해 현저히 부화된 상기 원소들의 산출은 이들이 단순한 해수로부터 침전된 것이 아닌 고온의 환원환경인 해저열수활동과 관련된 퇴적환경에서 생성되었음을 시사한다. 넓은 조성변화를 나타내는 주성분 원소비 ($SiO_2/Al_2O_3$: 3.98~11.88, $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$: 25.6~139.06, $K_2O/Na_2O$: 6.80~46.85)도 퇴적물의 근원암이 퇴적암과 화성암이 혼재되었을 가능성을 나타내며, 또한 황의 함량이 흑색점판암에서 평균 0.6 wt.%인 반면, 탄질점판 암에서는 2.6 wt.%로 높게 나타나는 것은 탄질점판암이 황을 다량 포함하는 열수환경의 영향을 받았음을 보여준다. 이와 같은 지화학적 특징은 옥천변성대와 지구조적으로 대비되며 퇴적분기성 기원으로 알려진 남중국형 백금족광상(Mo-Ni-Zn-PGE)의 생성환경과도 유사한 특징이다. 이상으로 보아 덕평려 일대 우라늄광화작용은 해저열수활동의 영향을 받고 산소가 결핍된 유기물이 풍부한 퇴적분지에서 형성된 것으로 해석된다.