• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2003

전기로 더스트, 석탄회, 석분 등 폐기물을 재활용한 소성벽돌의 미세구조 및 조성분포를 SEM과 EBS로 분석하였다. 소성벽돌 시편 중 일부에서 갈색 매트릭스 위에 노란색 영역이 발견되었고 내부에는 갈색 영역 외에 흑색 black-core 영역이 존재하였다. 표면의 노란색 영역은 Zn이 주성분이었으며 흑색 black-core 영역은 매트릭스와 조성차이는 보이지 않았다. 소성벽돌 시편의 전 부분에 걸쳐 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 mullite 결정상이 분포하고 있었으며 유리질에 의해 둘러싸여져 있었다. 이는 고령토와 석탄회 내의 alumino-silicate 화합물이 소성과정에서 meta-kaolinite를 거쳐 mullite로 전이된 것으로 사료된다. 시편 외부는 산화분위기가 조성되나 내부는 석탄회 및 더스트에 함유되어 있는 미연탄소분에 의해 환원분위기가 조성 되면서 발생한 가스에 의해 발포되어 흑색 black-core 영역에서는 수십 fm 크기의 구형 기공이 발견되었다. 벽돌 내부는 Al과 Si가 주성분이었고 소량의 Fe, K, Ca, Na를 포함하고 있었다 특히 Fe는 비정질상 표면에 원판형 Fe-rich 결정상으로 석출되어 존재하고 있었다. 시편 내부에서는 상대적으로 적은 양의 Zn이 발견되었고 외부에서는 내부에 있던 Zn이 환원되면서 표면으로 확산되어 Zn-rich 결정상을 표면에 형성하여 노란색 표피층을 형성하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2002

Mercury is one of the most frequently used heavy metal in dental clinic. Mercury poisoning rises up when someone is exposed to mercury chronically. In 1818, Amalgam was used for dental restorative procedure, and after then study about mercury toxicity has begun. Clinical signs of mercury toxicity in oral & maxillofacial area were increases of salivation, metallic taste, swelling and pain of tongue, redness and ulceration of oral mucosa, and increased mobility and loss of teeth. After we injected mercury($HgCl_{2}$) into intraperitoneum of rat, studied about histopathological changes of submandibular gland cell. Experimental group was divided into two groups by amount of mercury. (Group 1 was 0.5mg/Kg of mercury injection, group 2 was 1.0mg/Kg of mercury injection.) 1. After 3days of intraperitoneal injection, black granules were observed at macrophage cell in both group. In group 2, author found hyperchromatism of nucleus, and vacuolization of cellular matrix and nucleus of acinar cell. 2. After 1week of intraperitoneal injection, author found severe vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix, and irregular granules around nuclear membrane at mucous cell and serous cell in both group. Vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix was seen at duct cell in group 2. 3. After 2weeks of intraperitoneal injection, author could found severe vacuolization of cellular matrix, and sometimes nucleus was positioned in central area of cellular matrix at mucous and serous cell in both group. Vacuolization of nucleus and cellular matrix was found at vascular endothelial cell in group 2. 4. After 4weeks of intraperitoneal injection, destruction and distortion of gland cells were distinct. Vacuolization and destruction of nucleus and cellular matrix was found at duct cell in group 2. After intraperitoneal injection of mercury, we found equanimity of mercury and destruction of cellular matrix at serous cell, mucous cell, and duct cell of submandibular gland. So, we thought that metallic taste of mercury poisoning patient would be due to excretion of saliva containing mercury.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 카본블랙과 유기화 클레이(C18-MMT) 로 보강된 SBR 나노 복합재료를 라텍스법(latex method)으로 제조하였다. 필러의 함량은 50 phr로 고정하였으며, 카본 블랙/C18-MMT의 함량비를 50/0, 49/1, 48/2, 47/3, 45/5, 44/6, 40/10 phr로 정하고 함량비에 따른 가황 특성 및 기계적 물성을 비교하였다. 각 컴파운드의 가황 특성 및 기계적 물성을 비교 평가한 결과 carbon black(49phr)/C18-MMT(1phr) 컴파운드가 ODR에서 가장 높은 최대 토크 값을 나타내었으며, 높은 인장 강도 및 모듈러스, 인열 에너지를 나타내었다. 이러한 기계적 물성 증가는 클레이의 박리 정도 및 분산도의 향상으로 인한 C18-MMT의 우수한 보강 효과 때문이라고 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.217-218
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• 2021

With the prolonged Covid-19 epidemic, movement restrictions such as social distancing are prolonged, and as people stay indoors for a longer time, interest in indoor air pollution is increasing. Indoor air quality is not easily purified unlike outdoors. Among indoor building materials, paints and flooring contain formaldehyde that causes sick house syndrome and VOCs that contain carcinogenicity and harmfulness. For modern people who spend a lot of time living indoors for more than an hour, the occurrence of these harmful substances can be said to be fatal. In response to these risks, in July 2019, the government reinforced the standards for indoor air quality to protect the public's health by raising the detection standards for fine dust, ultrafine dust, and formaldehyde in indoor multi-use facilities. People use machines such as air purifiers to improve indoor air quality, or make efforts such as periodic ventilation. In order to reduce or support these other ancillary efforts more effectively, to reduce the generation of pollutants in the building itself, or to adsorb or purify pollutants in the air, use carbon black as an admixture to make a cement hardened body, and to grasp basic physical properties and adsorption capacity. And the result is as follows. As a result of the experiment to determine the appropriate amount of carbon black, it was confirmed that the more the amount of carbon black was added, the better it was in the formaldehyde emission test, but the tendency was not clear when measuring the flexural strength, so a further experiment to improve this is needed.

• Carbon letters
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2009

Various silanes, amino silane, vinyl silane, sulfur silane (TESPD), and ZS (TESPD/zinc soap complex), are added into chlorinated isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (CIIR)/soft clay/carbon black (CB) and CIIR/hard clay/CB compounds and they are investigated with respect to the vulcanization characteristics, the processability, and the mechanical properties. Comparing hard clay and soft clay filled compounds, hard clay (Suprex) filled system shows a higher die C tear than the soft clay (GK) filled one. The other properties (Mooney, extrusion torque/pressure, torque rise ($M_H-M_L$), modulus at 300%) are close to each other. Among various silanes, the ZS treated hard clay (Suprex) compound shows the highest mechanical property following hard clay(S)/vinyl silane(V) and soft clay(GK)/vinyl silane(V) compounds. The TESPD and the ZS effectively helps a formation of a strong 3-dimensional network structure between silica and CIIR via coupling reaction due to bifunctional nature of TESPD. In addition to that, the ZS added compounds show both a better processability and mechanical properties compared to the S2 ones at low concentration due to improved compatibility between zinc soap and CIIR matrix. Only the ZS added compound shows both improved processabilities (Mooney, Extrusion torque-& pressure) and improved mechanical properties (degree of crosslinking, elongation modulus, tear, and fatigue to failure counts) on both CIIR/hard clay/CB and CIIR/soft clay/CB compounds.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2550-2555
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• 2002

Hybrid composites usually are defined as composites having different types of reinforcements such as fibers and particles. The major advantage of hybrid composites is able to control the material properties such as optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. For this reason, hybrid composites are widely used in automotive, marine, household, and electrical industries. The objective of this work was to investigate processing characteristics in the compression molding of hybrid thermoplastic composites. The mechanical properties of composites manufactured in various forming conditions were monitored. The composites contained randomly oriented long carbon fiber and carbon black in polypropylene(PP) matrix were used. The carbon fiber contents of composites were 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and carbon black contents were 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight. Compression molding was conducted at various mold temperatures. Crstallinity was also measured by using X-RD. The tensile modulus of the composites increased with increasing the mold temperature. However, the impact strength of the composites decreased as the mold temperature increased.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2008

Carbon blacks could be used as the filler for the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were used as the matrix for the carbon black fillers. Porous carbon blacks were prepared by $CO_2$ activation. The activation was performed by treating the carbon blacks in $CO_2$ to different degrees of burnoff. During the activation, the enlargement of pore diameters, and development of microporous and mesoporous structures were introduced in the carbon blacks, resulting in an increase of extremely large specific surface areas. The porosity of carbon blacks was an increasing function of the degree of burn-off. The surface area increased from $80\;m^2/g$ to $1142\;m^2/g$ and the total pore volume increased from $0.14073\;cc{\cdot}g^{-1}$ to $0.9343\;cc{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Also, the C=O functional group characterized by aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters was enhanced during the activation process. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of raw N330 carbon blacks filled with PVA was about 1 dB and those of the activated carbon blacks increased to the values between 6 and 9 dB. The EMI SE of raw N330 carbon blacks filled with PVDF was about 7 dB and the EMI SE increased to the range from 11 to 15 dB by the activation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2012

This paper explores the use of a variety of carbon nanoparticles to impart electrical, thermal conductivity, good frictional properties to silicon nitride matrices. We used the highly promising types of carbon as carbon nanotubes, exfoliated graphene and carbon black nanograins. A high-efficiency attritor mill has also been used for proper dispersion of second phases in the matrix. The sintered silicon nitride composites retained the mechanical robustness of the original systems. Bending strength as high as 700 MPa was maintained and an electrical conductivity of 10 S/m was achieved in the case of 3 wt% multiwall carbon nanotube addition. Electrically conductive silicon nitride ceramics were realized by using carbon nanophases. Examples of these systems, methods of fabrication, electrical percolation, mechanical, thermal and tribological properties are discussed.

• Carbon letters
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• 제1권3_4호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2001

The effect of electrochemical surface treatments in KOH chemical solution on microstructures of carbon blacks was investigated in terms of surface functional values and XRD measurements. And their mechanical interfacial properties of the carbon blacks/rubber composites were studied by the composite tearing energy ($G_{IIIC}$). It was found that the development of basic-surface functional groups lead to the significant physical changes of carbon blacks, such as, decrease of the interlayer spacing ($d_{002}$), increase of the crystalline size along c-axis ($L_c$), and increase of degree of crystalline (${\chi}_c$). This treatment is possibly suitable for carbon blacks to be incorporated in a hydrocarbon rubber matrix, resulting in improving the hardness and tearing energy of the resulting composites.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.71-74
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• 2005

In this paper, the effects of the MWCNTs on the PTC characteristics of the conventional CB/polymer nanocomposites were investigated. For the uniform dispersion of the MWCNTs in the polymer matrix., nitricacid-treated MWCNTs were dispersed with the dissolved HOPE in the solvent. After evaporating solvent, the dried master batches in the oven were melt blended mixed with CB and HDPE to obtain the PTC materials. The initial resistivity of PTC materials decreased and the PTC intensity increased with the MWCNTs. During three repeated heating and cooling cycles, the PTC materials containing MWCNTs showed a great reproducibility due to the conductive network structures of CB particles and MWCNTs.