• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2017

Transfer printing is a method to combine printing and dyeing technology by the use of sublimation. It is an environmentally-friendly printing method that saves costs, reduces the production processes by the omission of the washing process, and saves time by maintaining quality. Due to the development of transfer printing, a high value added printing technology is available now but color fastness to sublimation of the printing products is still low since there are few dyes that have an affinity to the fabrics and the application technology is still inadequate. Specially, in case of high concentration black dyes, eco-label type black dyes, which is a substitution for general dispersal dyes, have been developed while general dispersal black dyes are still used, creating issues such as color differences on the surface and back side of the fabrics and contamination by friction after transfer printing. There are also some restricted substances such as allergens. To address these issues, high concentration black dyes and application technology that are environmentally-friendly and that have over 16 K/S through the use of single dyes with excellent color fastness, fixation ability, and similar melting temperature were developed for this study.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

Compared with synthetic dyes, natural dyes have inferior colorfastness as a result of the exposure of the material to any environment that may be encountered during the processing, testing, storage, display or use of the dyed materials. Especially, colors on fabrics fade excessively after washing. Therefore, it is problem to infer the historic textiles with natural-dyed fabrics. The object of this study is to analyse the factors affected to colorfastness and color change during washing. In experimental, fifteen natural dyes were dyed by the Korean traditional dyeing methods onto natural fiber fabrics: cotton, silk, ramie, and flex. Total 49 dyed fabrics in combination with dyes and fibers were used for the specimen. The Launder-Ometer was used for evaluating the effects of exposure to repetitive washing from 1 to 20 washing cycles (KS K 0430). Color difference(ΔE) in the CIEL＊A＊B＊ color-order system were determined by spectrophotometer at 100 bserver. Washing caused significant changes in the color of natural-dyed fabrics. The degree and nature of color changes on the fabrics were dependent on the combination of fiber and the dye type used. The groups of violet(Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc) and black color(Ailanthus altissima Swingle, Phus trichocarpa Miq) yielded excellent colorfastness to repetitive washing. The group of indigo blue color(Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) was also very resistant to color change in washing except silk. Whereas the dye groups of Red, Yellow, Orange, Brown colors indicated greatest changes in color, particularly Carthamus tinctorius L.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 1994

Wool and silk fabrics dyed with C.l. Acid Black 155 were subjected to sputter etching and exposed to a low temperature argon plasma. Color depth of shade of the fabrics increased considerably, but sputter etching was more effectively than argon low temperature plasma treatment. And measured for any significant chemical modification by ESCA (XPS). Sputter etching and argon low temperature plasma treatments incorporated oxygen atoms into the surface.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2014

To improve the deep coloring effect of PET fabrics, the alkali treated and black dyed PET fabrics were treated with 2 kinds of low refractive compounds such as acrylic resin and silicone resin. The color depth effect of treated PET fabrics was evaluated as lightness(L) change by UV-visible spectrophotometer. As the weight loss of PET fiber treated with alkali increased, the color depth of PET fabrics increased. Lightness(L) of PET fabrics treated with deep coloring agent was lower than that of untreated PET fabrics. The optimum concentration of treated PET with deep coloring agent was 4% o.w.s. The deep coloring effect of PET fabrics treated with silicone resin was higher than one treated with acrylic resin. PET fabrics treated with silicone resin only might be more appropriate process than PET fabrics treated with acrylic and silicone resin for giving deep coloring effect for polyester fabrics.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

Natural dyes have poor colorfastness as a result of the exposure of the dyed fabric to sunlight encountered during the display or wearing. As colors on fabrics fade excessively under sunlight, it is a problem to infer and restore the historic textiles with natural-dyed fabrics to original colors. The object of this study is to analyse the factors affected to color change under light. In experimental, fifteen natural dyes were dyed by the Korean traditional dyeing methods onto natural fiber fabrics: cotton, silk, ramie, and flex. Total 49 dyed fabrics in combination with dyes and fibers were used for the specimen. The Weather-O-meter was used for evaluating the effects of exposure to light for 2.5 to 450 hours. The process of color changes in the CIEL *A*B* color-order system to the exposure time were determined by spectrophotometer at 10$^{\circ}$ observer. Sunlight exposure caused significant changes in the color of natural-dyed fabrics. The degree and nature of color changes on the fabrics were dependent on the combination of fiber and the type of dye used. The groups of violet(Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb.et Zucc.) and black color(Ailanthus altissima Swingle, Phus trichocarpa Miq) yielded excellent colorfastness to light. The group of indigo blue color(Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) was also very resistant to fading in both exposure except silk. Whereas the dye groups of Red, Yellow, Orange, Brown colors indicated greatest changes in fading, particularly Carthamus tinctorius L.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

UV-induced surface copolymerization has been widely applied as a simple, useful and versatile approach to improve the surface properties of textiles. C.I. Reactive Black 5 and acrylic acid (AA) were continuously grafted onto cotton by UV irradiation. The photografting may occur by the copolymerization of AA with the vinylsulfone reactive dye which photochemically converted from the bissulfatoethylsulfone reactive group. The graft yield and color yield were influenced by UV energy, the dye and photoinitiator concentrations, a mole ratio of AA to dye, and pH. The coloration of cotton fabrics having a K/S of 7.0 can be obtained under a UV irradiation energy of 15$J/cm^2$ by the photografting of an aqueous alkaline formulation of 6% dye concentration containing 3% photoinitiator concentration on the weight of monomers, and a 3:1 mole ratio addition of AA to the dye. Furthermore, the photochemically dyed cotton fabrics showed comparable washing (staining) and rubbing fastness to conventional reactive dyeing method except shade change in the wash fastness and light fastness.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

Compared with conventional adsorption-based coloration, the photoreactions of dyes such as photo-copolymerization and photo-crosslinking under UV irradiation can be employed for the coloration of textiles, which can be carried out without salt addition at room temperature. C.I. Reactive Black 5, a homo-bifunctional reactive dye containing two sulfatoethylsulfone groups, is used as a photo-reactive dye for wool fibers. Upon UV irradiation, the photo-reactive dye was grafted onto wool fabrics without photoinitiators. Since the disulfide bonds in the cystine residues of wool can be easily photodecomposed to active thiyl radicals which initiate the polymerization, the dye can be polymerized to an oligomeric dye of a degree of polymerization of 12 or more. The grafted fabrics reached a grafting yield of 2.3% o.w.f. and a color yield (K/S) of 18.2 by the photografting of an aqueous dye concentration of 9% using a UV energy of 25J/$cm^2$. Furthermore, the photochemically dyed wool fabric showed higher colorfastness properties to light, laundering and rubbing comparable to conventional reactive dyeing.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Textile dyeing with vat dyes has the highest color fastness although one and the same dye of all vat dyes cannot always satisfy every color fastness requirement. So we examined cotton, nylon 6, and polyester fabrics dyed with vat dyes. Cotton, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were dyed with vat dyes such as C. I. Vat Blue 1, Blue 19, Black 9, Green 1, Orange 2, and Violet 1 containing sodium hydrosulfite and NaOH. Oxidation were carried out by a sodium peroxoborate after dyeing. The dyed materials were soaped at the boil after oxidation. Especially hydrolysis and overreduction for dyed polyester with vats dyes containing -NHCO- and -NH- groups such as C. I. Vat Blue 6, Black 25, Black 27, Red 10, and Green 3 occurred. It seems that these phenomena are due to a high dyeing temperature. Wash and rubbing fastness of nylon are higher than that of cotton and polyester. Light fastness of cotton is higher than that of polyester and nylon.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate dyeing characteristics of silk, cotton and rayon fabrics using dyeing solution extracted from different varieties of tea. Comparative results of CIE Lab values of 360 pieces of dyed fabrics were studied to quantify the effects of dye concentrations (100%, 150%, and 200%) and mordants (Fe, Cu, Sn, Al). In addition, the color difference values (${\Delta}E$) of the dyed and mordanted fabrics were evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: First, among all of the 360 pieces of silk, cotton and rayon fabrics, the best dyeing effects was observed on silk fabrics. Second, the dyeing effect of the eight different types of tealeaves belonging to green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea tended to enhance as the degree of fermentation increased. Third, when the fabrics were mordanted with Fe, Cu, Sn, Al mordants, various colors such as brown, brownish red, brownish yellow, gray, and reddish brown were obtained.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. In previous study, dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out and Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. For further evaluation of its efficacy as a new natural dye resource, effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for silk fiber. Metasequoia cone colorant showed good affinity toward silk fiber showing YR Munsell color and maximum dye uptake was shown at pH 3.5. Post-mordanting with Cu and Fe improved dye uptake, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabrics with mordanting showed YR Munsell color. Fe mordanted fabrics appeared dark gray~black color. Colorfastness to washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics showed grade 2. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorant can be used as a new dye resource for silk fiber getting brownish yellow to dark gray/black color depending on mordant type. In addition, it showed antimicrobial functionality.