• Title/Summary/Keyword: bivariate distribution

검색결과 210건 처리시간 0.023초

최소무강우시간(Inter-Event Time)에 따른 강우사상 특성 및 이변량 확률분포형 적합성 검토 (Assessment of the Properties and Suitability for Bivariate Probability Distribution of Rainfall Event along the Inter-Event Time)

  • 주경원;신주영;김한빈;허준행
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.463-463
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    • 2017
  • 최근 다변량 확률모형 연구 및 기후변화에 따른 강우패턴 연구의 증가에 따라 시계열로 기록되어 있는 강우량 자료로부터 강우사상(Event)을 분리하는 연구 또한 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 일반적으로 강우사상은 최소무강우시간(Inter-Event Time)을 기준으로 전후강우가 독립적인 강우인지 연속적인 강우인지 구별하는데 이 최소무강우시간을 결정하는 방법이 각 사용되는 분야마다 일관되지 않은 점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 30년 이상 기록된 기상청 강우관측소 자료를 이용하였으며, 설계강우의 시간분포를 위한 Huff 4분위법에서 사용되는 6시간의 최소무강우시간분터 지수확률분포 방법으로 얻어지는 최소무강우시간(일반적으로 12시간 내외)까지 최소무강우시간의 변화에 따라 분리된 강우사상의 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 강우사상의 이변량 빈도해석 적합성을 검토하기 위해 연최대강우량 사상을 선정하여 빈도해석을 수행하였으며 최소무강우 시간에 따라 이변량 확률분포형 적합성을 검토하였다.

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Macroeconomic Environments and Demand for Retail Space in Shopping Centres in Malaysia

  • ZAKARIA, Zukarnain;ISMAIL, Mohd Roslan;ARUMUGAM, Vijayesvaran
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권10호
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    • pp.297-303
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    • 2021
  • The performance of the retail industry in a country, which simultaneously reflects the demand for retail space, is significantly influenced by the macroeconomic environment of said country. However, in the case of Malaysia, studies regarding this issue are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the macroeconomic determinants of the demand for retail space in shopping centers in Malaysia through the study of six variables: per capita income, private expenditure, inflation rate, interest rate, total population, and the number of tourists arrival. The nexus between these variables and the demand for retail space in shopping centers were examined by cointegration and causality tests, and regression analysis using quarterly data for the period 1993Q1 to 2016Q4. The results from bivariate cointegration tests indicate that inflation rate, interest rates, population size, and the number of tourists arrival have significant long-run relationships with the demand for retail space of Malaysian shopping centers. Meanwhile, the Granger causality tests show that only population size can cause the demand for shopping centers' retail space. Finally, the results from the regression analysis revealed that income per capita, private expenditure, interest rates, and population are the variables that significantly influence the demand for the retail space of the Malaysian shopping centers.

Spatial Point-pattern Analysis of a Population of Lodgepole Pine

  • Chhin, Sophan;Huang, Shongming
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.419-428
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    • 2018
  • Spatial point-patterns analyses were conducted to provide insight into the ecological process behind competition and mortality in two lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands, one in the Lower Foothills, and the other in the Upper Foothills natural subregions in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. Spatial statistical tests were applied to live and dead trees and included Clark-Evans nearest neighbor statistic (R), nearest neighbor distribution function (G(r)), and a variant of Ripley's K function (L(r)). In both lodgepole pine plots, the results indicated that there was significant regularity in the spatial point-pattern of the surviving trees which indicates that competition has been a key driver of mortality and forest dynamics in these plots. Dead trees generally showed a clumping pattern in higher density patches. There were also significant bivariate relationships between live and dead trees, but the relationships differed by natural subregion. In the Lower Foothills plot there was significant attraction between live and dead tees which suggests mainly one-sided competition for light. In contrast, in the Upper Foothills plot, there was significant repulsion between live and dead trees which suggests two-sided competition for soil nutrients and soil moisture.

Do Islamic Stock Markets Diversify the Financial Uncertainty Risk? Evidence from Selected Islamic Countries

  • AZIZ, Tariq;MARWAT, Jahanzeb;ZEESHAN, Asma;PARACHA, Yaser;AL-HADDAD, Lara
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2021
  • The study investigates the diversification behavior of Islamic stocks against US financial uncertainty. Considering limitations found in the literature, a comprehensive index of financial uncertainty (FU) is used, developed by Jurado, Ludvigson, and Ng (2015). The empirical analysis uses monthly data from four Islamic markets - Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Turkey - for the period from January 2010 to September 2019. Results of the bivariate EGARCH models show that Islamic stocks can be used for diversification purpose against the financial uncertainty of the US because the volatility of US uncertainty does not propagate in the Islamic stock markets. Moreover, findings show that the spillover effect of financial uncertainty varies with the FU forecast horizon. The spillover effect of FU increases with an increase in the FU forecast horizon and becomes significant over 3-month and 12-month periods in the case of Saudi Arabia. The current volatility of Islamic stock returns is independent of the size of shocks in past volatility. The leverage effect and asymmetry have been found in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. The findings validate the arguments of the literature that Islamic markets are resilient facing uncertainties and perform well during crisis periods. The findings are important for investors in making better portfolio decisions.

Regime Dependent Volatility Spillover Effects in Stock Markets Between Kazakhstan and Russia

  • CHUNG, Sang Kuck;ABDULLAEVA, Vasila Shukhratovna
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권8호
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 2021
  • In this study, to capture the skewness and kurtosis detected in both conditional and unconditional return distributions of the stock markets of Kazakhstan and Russia, two versions of normal mixture GARCH models are employed. The data set consists of daily observations of the Kazakhstan and Russia stock prices, and world crude oil price, covering the period from 1 June 2006 through 1 March 2021. From the empirical results, incorporating the long memory effect on the returns not only provides better descriptions of dynamic behaviors of the stock market prices but also plays a significant role in improving a better understanding of the return dynamics. In addition, normal mixture models for time-varying volatility provide a better fit to the conditional densities than the usual GARCH specifications and has an important advantage that the conditional higher moments are time-varying. This implies that the volatility skews implied by normal mixture models are more likely to exhibit the features of risk and the direction of the information flow is regime-dependent. The findings of this study contain useful information for diverse purposes of cross-border stock market players such as asset allocation, portfolio management, risk management, and market regulations.

An Analysis of the Exchange Rate Regime of Nepal: Determinants and Inter-Dynamic Relationship with Macroeconomic Fundamentals

  • DAHAL, Suresh Kumar;RAJU, G. Raghavender
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제9권7호
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    • pp.27-39
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    • 2022
  • The exchange rate is an important macroeconomic variable that influences internal and external balances. Nepal follows a dual exchange rate such that the Nepali rupee (NPR) is pegged with the Indian rupee (INR) but floats with the United States dollar (USD) and all other currencies. There have been very few studies on the exchange rate of Nepal, of which the majority focus on the bivariate relationship between exchange rate and another variable. However, this paper analyses the multivariate relationship between the USD-NPR exchange rate and major macroeconomic variables. Determinants of Nepal's exchange rate have been derived with multiple regression using the ordinary least square (OLS) approach. Since the explanatory variables could not significantly capture the movement of the dependent variable, a long-run relationship between Nepal and India's exchange rate has been analyzed using Engle-Granger cointegration to establish a relationship as suggested by a graphical representation. This explains that Nepal's exchange rate long run is determined by India's exchange rate than its own fundamentals. In addition, the macro-linkages of Nepal's macroeconomic variables have been analyzed using Standard Vector Autoregressive models followed by impulse response analysis which is useful for policy decisions. Some policy implications indicating the sustainability of Nepal's pegged regime have been drawn based on the empirical analysis.

분단위 자료를 이용한 강우의 공간상관구조 분석 (Analysis of Rainfall Spatial Correlation Structure Using Minutely Data)

  • 유철상;박창열;김경준;전경수
    • 한국방재학회 논문집
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.113-120
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 분단위 강우자료(MMR)를 이용하여 시간해상도에 따른 강우의 공간상관구조 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 이 변량 혼합대수정규분포를 이용하여 강우를 모형화하였다. 본 연구에서의 분석은 중부지역의 26개 우량관측소 지점자료를 이용 하였으며, 호우 발생 특성별(장마, 태풍, 대류성 강우)로 수행하여 서로 비교될 수 있도록 하였다. 집성시간은 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60분을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 현재의 분단위 관측지점 자료는 임의 지점의 분단위 강우강도로 내삽하여 추정하는데 적절하지 않음을 확인하였다. 만일 적절한 자료분해 및 내삽 방법론이 구비된다면, 분단위 관측지점 자료를 이용하는 것보다 시자료와 같이 밀도 있는 관측망의 자료를 이용하는 것이 보다 현실적인 분단위 강우강도 추정 방안이 될 수 있을 것이다.

베링공해 명태 트롤어업의 국가별 어획량, CPUE 및 월별 어장 (Analysis on the national catch, CPUE and monthly fishing grounds of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma by the trawl fishery in the high seas of the Bering Sea)

  • 조현수
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2016
  • Annual and monthly pollock catches, CPUE and fishing grounds in the high seas of Bering Sea between 1984 and 1992 were analyzed for centroid distribution and bivariate ellipses of trawlers of South Korea, Japan, Poland and China. The catch amount differed by country as 56.1%, 21.7%, 20.4% and 1.8% were caught by Japan, Korea, Poland and China respectively. Japan recorded the highest mean CPUE at 5.7 ton/hour while it was 4.3 ton/hour for Poland, 3.9 ton/hour for Korea and 2.4 ton/hour for China. Cumulative catch varied by month, with the minimum of 137,000 ton in March and the maximum of 848,000 ton in December. Monthly mean of CPUE was the lowest in February (2.0 ton/hour) and the highest in November (6.3 ton/hour). The centroid distribution of monthly fishing ground was located at a southern spot ($56^{\circ}$ 05'N, $178^{\circ}$ 55'E) in January, and it moved anti-clockwise toward $56^{\circ}$ 37'N, $178^{\circ}$ 24'E in December. Fishing grounds were scattered more by the east-west direction than by the south-north direction. The fishing grounds were similar for Korean, Japanese and Polish trawlers, but Chinese trawlers that fished only from July to December showed distinctively different fishing grounds from the others.

이변량 지역빈도해석을 이용한 우리나라 극한 강우 분석 (Bivariate regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfalls in Korea)

  • 신주영;정창삼;안현준;허준행
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제51권9호
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    • pp.747-759
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    • 2018
  • 다변량 빈도해석과 지역빈도해석의 장점을 동시에 가지는 다변량 지역빈도해석은 다양한 변수를 고려함으로써 수문 현상에 대하여 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있고 많은 가용 자료 수로 인하여 높은 정확도의 분석결과를 도출할 수 있다. 현재까지는 우리나라의 강우 자료를 이용하여 다변량 지역빈도해석이 시도된 적이 없어 국내의 강우 자료를 대상으로 다변량 지역빈도해석의 적용성을 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다변량 지역빈도해석의 매개변수 추정, 최적 분포형 선정, 확률수문량 성장곡선 추정 등에 집중하여 이변량 수문자료인 연 최대 강우량-지속기간 자료에 대하여 이변량 지역빈도해석의 적용성을 평가하였다. 기상청 71개 지점에 대하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 적용된 지역강우자료의 최적 copula 모형으로는 Frank와 Gumbel copula 모형이 선택되었고 주변분포형에 대해서는 지역별로 Gumbel과 대수정규분포와 같은 다양한 분포형이 최적 분포형으로 선택되었다. 상대제곱근오차(relative root mean square error)를 기준으로 지역빈도해석이 지점빈도해석보다 안정적이고 정확한 확률수문량 곡선 추정을 하였다. 이변량 강우분석에서 지역빈도해석을 적용하면 안정적인 수공구조물 설계기준 제시와 강우-지속기간 관계를 모형화 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

강우공간상관구조의 변동 특성 (On the Variations of Spatial Correlation Structure of Rainfall)

  • 김경준;유철상
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제40권12호
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    • pp.943-956
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    • 2007
  • 강우장의 특성을 정량화하는 여러 통계적 특성치 중에 자주 사용되는 공간상관함수(또는 공간상관도)는 강우의 평가나 설계 그리고 강우장을 모형화하는데 중요하게 사용된다. 그러나 강우의 공간상관 구조는 여러 요인에 의해 많은 변동성을 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 강우의 공간상관구조에 대한 변동특성은 유역을 대표하는 공간상관구조를 결정하는데 문제점으로 작용한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이변량 혼합분포를 이용하여 강우를 모형화한 후 정규분포와 대수정규분포를 고려하여 월별, 자료의 시간간격별로 공간상관도를 유도하고 그 변동특성을 파악하였다. 대상유역인 금강유역의 28개 강우관측소의 자료를 이용한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. (1) 무강우자료에 대한 영향을 고려한 결과, 세 가지의 경우(Case A, B, C) 중에서 Case A(+,+)의 경우가 #0#에 대한 공간상관함수의 왜곡이 최소가 되기 때문에 가장 적절한 경우이다. (2) 일반적으로 사용되는 정규분포보다는 이론적 그리고 실증적으로 더 적절한 대수정규분포를 사용해야 함이 바람직하다. (3) 월별 공간상관함수 중 지수함수적인 감소경향이 가장 뚜렷한 7월의 경우가 유역을 대표하는 공간상관함수로 적절하다. (4) 자료의 시간해상도별 공간상관도는 다르게 유도되기 때문에 각각에 대한 경우를 고려해야 한다.