• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compared maternal age at childbirth, the number of live births, and the weight of live births between Korean women and immigrant women using statistical data from the Republic of Korea for the period of 2008-2018. Methods: The analysis was conducted using data from the Microdata Integrated Service of Statistics Korea (https://mdis.kostat.go.kr/index.do). Results: Korean women and immigrant women showed a higher age at childbirth in 2018 than in 2008. The percentage of newborns of Korean women with a birth weight of less than 2.5 kg increased slightly for 3 consecutive years from 2016 to 2018, whereas for immigrant women, this percentage increased in 2017 compared to 2016 and then decreased again in 2018. Very low birth weight (less than 1.5 kg) became more common among immigrant women from 2016 to 2018. Birth at a gestational age of fewer than 37 weeks increased both among Korean and immigrant women from 2016 to 2018. In both groups, the percentage of women who had their first child within their first 2 years of marriage decreased from 2008 to 2018. Conclusion: Immigrant women had higher birth rates than Korean women, while both groups showed an increasing trend in preterm birth. Greater attention should be paid to the pregnancy and birth needs of immigrant women, and steps are needed to ensure health equity and access in order to prevent preterm births. It is also necessary to identify factors that affect preterm birth and birth of very low birth weight infants among immigrant women in the future.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.148-168
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of parents' social class on birthweight in Korea during the period of transition to a market economy, 1995-2001. Methods: All births resulting from pregnacies reported in 1995-22001(n=4,298,374) were studied with respect to social variation in birthweight. The results were adjusted for maternal age, parity, parents' education, gestational age, total births, the dead births among total births, the number of births in one delivery. Results: Between 1995 and 2001, mean birth weight was 3271g and low birth rate was 3.41%. Maternal education, faternal education, parents' occupation, the number of birth in one delivery, total births, gestational age, and the number of deaths among. total births were all independently related to the birthweight. Parents with lower education showed higher low-birthweight rates compared with parents with university level of education(OR: 2.16 for mother and 1.68 for father). Especially, mother's education showed stronger relationship with birthweight than fathers' education. The differences in birth weight by parents' social class, especially parents' educational level became stronger between 1995 and 2001. Discussion: This study suggests that the social differences of birth weight were increasing in order 1995 to 2001. Especially, this increasing tendency in variation in birth weight by social class was shown after economic crisis, 1998.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1984

Low birth weight baby, defined as the baby born with less than or equal to 2,500g of body weight by WHO has been a great concern in the fold of maternal and child health since the low birth weight is a major cause of high perinatal mortality. Any measure to prevent the low birth weight baby is most desirable not only for saving the life of a baby but also for levelling up the health of the whole society. The authors attempted to figure out how some known maternal risk factors are related to the low birth weight and to measure their strengh of associations in terms of relative risk using hospital birth records. For this study, hospital birth records of 66 low birth weight cases and sex-parity matched 198 normal controls were chosen from Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical Center, and the data were analyzed in regards to several maternal factors. The risk factors studied were mother's age, mother's ABO blood type, previous histories of abortion, low birth weight baby, fetal wastage, and maternal diseases represented by anemia, hypertension, proteinuria, and glucosuria. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mean body weight of the cases and controls were 1,955g and 3,251g, respectively, and the heights were 41cm for cases and 50cm for controls. Mean gestation periods of cases and controls were 34 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. 2. Young mother(less than or equal to 20 years of age) or old mother(more than or equal to 30 years of age) experienced more frequently the delivery of low birth weight babies than mothers in between 21 and 29 years of age. But the difference was not statistically significant. 3. Mothers whose blood type was O tended to have slighty higher frequency of low birth weight babies while B mothers have lower frequency. But the difference was not statistically significant too. 4. Those mothers who had experienced low birth weight baby in the past tended to give more births of low birth weight babies. This factor is even statistically significant and the relative risk of the prior experience of low birth weight was 6.7. 5. Mothers with experience of fetal losses and mothers of more than two pregnancies had higher frequency of low birth weight than the mothers with no fatal losses and of first pregnancy, but the difference was not statistically significant. 6. Statistically significant higher frequency of low birth weight were found in mothers with hypertension(odds ratio=4.07), anemia(odds ratio=22,33), and proteinuria(odds ratio=2.79). In summary, these study results strongly suggest that in order to prevent the low birth weight, special care should be made when the mother is too young or too old, and when the mother has experienced deliveries of low birth weight and fetal deaths. Medical control for the maternal diseases such as anemia and hypertension is also needed before or during the pregnency.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.366-381
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 질분만을 한 여성의 만족을 측정하기 위해 질분만만족 측정도구를 한국어로 번안하고 한국형 질분만만족 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 평가하는 것이다. 한국형 질분만만족 측정도구는 205명의 산모를 대상으로 평가하였고, 준거타당도를 평가하기 위해 분만경험지각을 측정하였다. 탐색적 요인분석결과 6요인, 23문항으로 나타났다. 확인적 요인분석결과 좋은 수렴타당도와 판별타당도를 보였고, 요인간 상관관계는 0.11~0.57이었다. 한국형 질분만만족 측정도구는 분만경험지각 측정도구와 좋은 동시타당도를 나타냈다. 전체 문항의 내적일관성 신뢰도인 Cronbach alpha는 .91, 하부요인은 .80에서 .90 사이였다. 따라서 한국형 질분만만족 측정도구는 신뢰도와 타당도가 검정된 도구이므로 산후 2, 3일째 병원에서 산모의 질분만만족 평가에 사용할 수 있다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the temperamental differences between the normal infants and low-birth-weight infants. The subjects of this study were 70 mothers with normal infants and 62 mothers with the low-birth-weight. Convenient sampling was done at three regions. The infant temperament scale developed by Pridham & others (1994) was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS WIN program. The results were as follows; 1) There was a significant difference in total temperament score between the low-birth-weight infants and normal infants. The scores of the low-birth-weight infants were significantly lower than those of normal infants in the subscales of amenability and persistence, activity, and reactivity. In adaptability, there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) In both groups, there were no significant difference by socio-economic status of parents, delivery type, and birth order. But, in the case of low-birth-weight infants, the temperament score of infants over 6 months was significantly higher than that of infants under 6 months. 3) In the correlation analysis among subscales of the temperament, amenability and persistence, activity, and reactivity showed the significant relationship. But adaptability showed significant correlation only with the amenability and persistence. In conclusion, temperament score of low-birth-weight infants were significantly lower than that of normal infants. It was suggested that parenting education for low-birth-weight infants would be needed to understand and impact the positive infant temperament.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 1988

우리 나라의 최근 농촌 지역에서의 출생 신고의 법정 기간내 신고율과 출생 신고의 정확도를 알아보기 위해 경북 군위군에 거주하는 모든 유배우 가임 여성 4,014명을 1985년 4월 1일부터 1987년 3월 31일까지 2년간 면보건요원들이 추적 조사하여 찾아낸 모든 출생아 766명의 출생일자와 1987년 9월 30일자로 면사무소의 주민 등록 대장을 열람하여 얻은 동기간내 출생한 것으로 신고된 944건의 출생 신고 기록을 대조하였다. 추적 조사한 766명중 576명(75.2%)이 출생후 6개월 이내에 신고된 것으로 확인되었으며 96명 (12.5%)은 출생신고를 하였다고 진술하였으나 기록이 없었다. 추적 조사에 등록되어 있고 생후 6개월 이내에 출생신고가 확인된 576명의 법정 신고 기간인 30일 이래 신고율은 61.3%였다. 법정 기간내 신고율은 산모의 연령이 20세 미만이거나 35세 이상인 경우, 교육 수준은 국민학교 졸업자에서 그리고 출산 순위가 늦을수록 낮았다. 출생 월별 신고율은 10월부터 3월 시아의 출생아가 4월에서 9월 사이의 농번기의 출생아에 비해 높았다. 신생아기에 사망한 7명은 모두 출생 신고를 하지 않았다. 추적 조사에 등록되어 있고 6개월 이내에 출생 신고가 확인된 576명의 실제 출생 연월일과 주민등록표의 출생 연월일의 일치율은 78.0%였고 6.8%는 실제 출생일보다 더 이른 날짜로 신고되어 있고 15.3%는 더 늦은 날짜로 신고되어 있었다. 일치율은 산모의 연령이 35세 이상인 경우에 54.5%로 그리고 출산 순위가 4순위 이상일 때 56.3%로 특별히 낮았다. 또 산모의 학력이 높을수록 일치율이 높았으며, 남아가 여아보다 높았다. 3월에 출생한 경우에 실제 출생일보다 이른 날짜로 신고하는 율이 17.4%로 다른 달에 비해 높았고 이들은 대부분이 음력으로 신고하였는데 이것은 취학 연령을 고려한 것으로 생각된다. 최근 우리 나라 농촌 지역의 법정 기간내 신고율 및 신고의 정화도는 향상되고 있으나 아직도 선진국에 비해 낮은 편이며 출생 신고 자료에 의한 영아 사망률은 매우 부정확한 실정이다. 법정 기간내 신고율과 신고 내용의 정확도를 높히기 위해 분만 개조를 한 의료인으로 하여금 부모의 주소지로 직접 출생 신고를 하도록 하고 비의료인에 의한 가정 분만의 경우에는 현행 신고 제도대로 하는 것이 권장된다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2001

This study has been performed to analyze association between general housing status and demographic characteristics such as family extension period, total fertility within a family, male birth rates, and birth order among the elderly in Korea. In this study, 183 subjects aged late 60s to 70s were interviewed for their childbearing history under legal marriage and current housing status such as tenure, residence(urban vs rural), and household composition. In this study , average term from the first to the last birth is 11.88 years, and total number of live births is 4.51. The average rate of male firths among live births within a family is 0.532, which is close to data of Korean statistical office in 1995. There were some association of housing status and the fertility; those living in rented units have longer family extension period and rural elderly have higher rate of male children. in addition, there is a significant impact of birth order on tenure. Majority of the first-born subjects were home owners by virtue of bequeath eligibility, and the rate of home owners was 50% higher than the second-born group. Overall in this study, it is recommended that when planning elderly living facilities, service policies be differentiated by both housing & fertility characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.931-936
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• 2009

Body weights of 862 Angora goats between birth and 36 months of age, recorded on a semiyearly basis from 1988 to 2000, were used to estimate genetic, permanent environmental and phenotypic covariance functions. These functions were estimated by fitting a random regression model with 6th order polynomial for direct additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects and 4th and 5th order polynomial for maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects, respectively. A phenotypic covariance function was estimated by modelling overall animal and maternal effects. The results showed that the most variable coefficient was the intercept for both direct and maternal additive genetic effects. The direct additive genetic (co)variances increased with age and reached a maximum at about 30 months, whereas the maternal additive genetic (co)variances increased rapidly from birth and reached a maximum at weaning, and then decreased with age. Animal permanent environmental (co)variances increased with age from birth to 30 months with lower rate before 12 months and higher rate between 12 and 30 months. Maternal permanent environmental (co)variances changed little before 6 months but then increased slowly and reached a maximum at about 30 months. These results suggested that the contribution of maternal additive genetic and permanent environmental effects to growth variation differed from those of direct additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects not only in expression time, but also in action magnitude. The phenotypic (co)variance estimates increased with age from birth to 36 months of age.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of nursing students' during Leboyer. Methods: Eleven senior nursing students were recruited from April to June in 2010. After completing informed consents, data were collected through in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim before analyzing. Nursing students were asked about their observational experiences during Leboyer births. Data were analyzed by using the Colaizzi style. Results: Interviews revealed 4 categories and 9 themes. The categories were: 'Respecting and blessing new baby', 'Keeping calm and joyful birth atmosphere', 'Reminding the meaning of nursing', 'Comparing Leboyer and convenience birth and making up their mind'. Conclusion: This study showed that observation of Leboyer birth is helpful for nursing students in order to have positive impression about childbirth. Furthermore, it is suggested that an exploration of the experiences of women and their husbands during Leboyer births would be helpful. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that the Leboyer birth, which focuses on baby's human right, should be introduced women's health nursing field as an effective birth strategy.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1265-1276
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• 2004

Purpose: This study tries to explore mothers' stress patterns and the related factors influencing mothers' stress over time after giving birth to premature babies. Method: Eighty four mothers who had given birth to premature babies were selected from Hospitals in B city. Data was collected using a self-reporting questionnaire that the mothers' stress level. Result: The mothers' stress after giving birth to premature babies gradually diminished and the stress pattern of mothers changed over time. Mother's age, occupation, income level, gestational period of the measures baby, weight at birth, nutrition type, lactation mode, number of complications, and existence or non-existence of an operation were analyzed as the factors that affected the mother's stress. Conclusion: The stress pattern of mothers giving birth to premature babies changed overtime. Based on the study results, it is considered that the nursing intervention programs should be developed in order to reduce the stress of premature baby's mothers with time elapse.