• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1989

This study was performed to obtain the optimal condition that hydrolyzed exploded pine(Pinus densiflora), oak(Quercus serrata) and birch wood(Betula platyphylla var. japonica) by using sulfuric acid. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In hydrolysis of wood meal with sulfuric acid. maximum yield of sugar appeared that pine was 12 hours. oak and birch were 24 hours with 65% sulfuric acid. Futhermore, when wood meal and exploded woods were hydrolyzed with 65% sulfuric acid at $23^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours(primary hydrolysis), diluted to 3% and hydrolyzed again at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours(secondary hydrolysis), the maximum sugar yield of wood meals were 6 hours. those of higher steam exploded pine wood was 3 hours. of lower steam exploded oak and birch woods were 6 hours. The sugar analyses of exploded wood showed that the amount of arabinose and xylose residue rapidly decreased. content of nemicelluose decreased with increase of steaming time and pressure.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2009

It is known that heat treatment decreases the hygroscopicity of wood. Thus heat-treated wood is good for outdoor construction due to its improved dimensional stability. This study is to investigate the hygroscopicity and discoloration of spruce and birch boards heat-treated above $190^{\circ}C$. The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) at all relative humidities decreased with the increase of heat treatment temperature and/or time for both spruce and birch. It was revealed that heat-treatment temperature affected more on the hygroscopicity thaan heat-treatment time. The average basic densities decreased for the spruce specimens, but increased for the birch specimens with an increase of the treatment time and/or temperature. The same heat treatment condition (190-8) made the birch specimens darker than the spruce specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to determine the drying time from green to oven dry and estimate the moisture content of wood, such as red lauan (Shorea Spp.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Birch (Betula platyphylla), and oak (Quercus aliena), at various thickness, paralleled to fiber, of specimen for M.C. by oven dry method (100-105$^{\circ}C$). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The drying time from green to oven dry decreases as the thickness of specimen for M.C. becomes to be thined, and that time at 10mm thickness are 14 hrs, for birch wood and 24 hrs, for oak wood. 2. The relative formulae between thickness (X) of specimen for M.C. and drying lime (Y) from 12% to oven dry are showed in Fig. 3. 3. The M.C. based on the weight of specimen for M.C. at t% can be obtained from the formula (2), and the drying time to 1% are shorter than that time to oven dry by approximately three times.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1989

Steam explosion process is an efficient pretreatment method for sparating and utilizing wood main components has attracted attention in utilization of ligno-cellulosic biomass. In order to obtain the effective pretreatment condition. this study was made explosion apparatus. examined the composition. extraction of exploded wood. Wood chips of pine(Pinus densiflora oak (Quercus serrata) and birch wood (Belula platyphylla var. japonica) were treated with a high pressure steam(20-30 kg/$cm^2$, 2-6 minutes). The results can be summarized as follow; In analysis of exploded wood(EXW). It was found arabinose residues rapidly decreased with increasing of steaming time and pressure. Extractives of EXW with sodium hydroxide increased with increasing of steaming-time and- pressure especially extractives 1% sodium hydroxide has higher than other extracted method extractives of hard wood(oak, birch) has higher than pine wood. In EXW extracted with sodium hydroxide and methanol lignin was partially delignified alkali extraction was more delignified than methanol extraction hardwood than pine wood.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.82-94
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• 2009

In this study, I suggest dyed-Glued laminated woods by using birch woods which are relatively cheaper than others. Since the dyed-Glued laminated woods which have the various colors to satisfy people's tastes and the dignified grains in the old woods enable us to product freely, these can provide us with stability of supply through replacing rare materials. The making wooden furniture designed with dyed-Glued laminated woods has these following characteristics. (1) This method which uses various colored woods can fulfill consumers' tastes through dyeing wooden plates, instead of using domestic woods which have limited colors-white, yellow and black. (2) Gathering wooden plates made by setting them into various frames enables us to get in large quantities of the materials with good grains, which we can only take from old woods. (3) Producing culture products using various colors and grains has enabled us to satisfy consumers and to create pro-environmental pieces. In conclusion, this study can be an alternative idea to forest resources which have been decreasing, and be an application method of using cheaper birch woods as well. Gathering and dyeing wooden plates might bring about the economic effect and be of much help to the expansion as furniture materials as well as interior ones.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

Lately public interest in tree saps of maple and birch trees stimulated to increase demands for sap drink as a natural medical beverage. In order to understand factors affecting tree sap flows, birch species, particularly Betula platyphylla in Mt.Sobaek area, were monitored for daily sap flows according to factors, such as DBH, tapping hole sizes and direction of hole drilling on the trunks. The chemical constituents of saps were also analyzed. The sap flow initiated from the end of March and finished at the end of April. The flow maxima appeared from April 14th to April 26th. Total amounts of the sap flow obtained from birch tree were over 1,800 ml per day per one tree. Sap flows were increased with increasing DBH and tree age. Six milimeter drilled hole resulted in the highest sap flows. Sap flows increased with increases of diameter and height of the trees. Hole drilling to downward side(south-facing) of tree produced almost doubled sap flows than that of upward one(north-facing), while rightside drilling produced same amounts of saps to that of leftside one. Six mm drilling gave the best results not only in maximum flows but also effective hole occluding rates. The saps have in the range of 4.5 to 5.6 pH and l.0 - 2.0% of saccharinity. Sucrose, glucose, fructose and high mineral contents were found in the saps of birch tree. The tree saps could be utilized not only medicinal drink, but also one of the healthy beverages.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.206-220
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• 2023

조선시대 왕실 출판 과정에서 책판의 주요 수종으로 사용된 나무는 '자작목(自作木)'이라고 기록되어 있다. 명칭을 보면 껍질이 하얀 자작나무가 연상되지만, 문헌에 기록된 산지(産地)와 쓰임을 살펴보면 조선시대의 '자작목'은 우리가 알고 있는 자작나무와는 다른 나무로 추정된다. 본고는 조선시대 왕실 출판에 사용된 '자작목'이 실은 거제수나무이고, 현재 우리가 알고 있는 껍질이 하얀 자작나무는 우리말 봇나무 즉 '화목(樺木)'이었음을 밝히고자 한다. 더불어 조선시대 거제수나무를 지칭하던 '자작목'이 어떠한 연유로 껍질이 하얀 자작나무를 지칭하게 되었는지 살펴본다. 당시 일본에서는 '화(樺)'라는 글자를 산벚나무라는 의미로 사용하였는데, 18세기 중반에 일본의 백과전서류가 조선으로 들어오면서 지금의 자작나무를 의미하는 '화목'과 혼용되게 되었다. 더욱이 '화목'의 우리말인 '봇나무'와 산벚나무의 우리말인 '벗나무'는 발음마저 비슷하여, 이후 두 나무는 '벗나무'로 표기가 통일되었다. 그러던 것이 20세기에 들어 세 나무의 공식적인 명칭이 정리되었다. 1910년 대한제국농상공부고시와 1912년 조선총독부고시에 의하여 '화목'은 '자작나무'가 되었고, 이후 산벚나무를 뜻하는 '벗나무'는 '벚나무'가 되었다. 그리고 본래의 '자작목'에는 '거제수'라는 이름만이 남게 되었다. 오늘날 한자 사전에서는 '화(樺)'의 뜻을 '1. 벚나무 2. 자작나무'라고 설명하고 있는데, 여기서도 세 나무의 명칭이 혼용되었던 역사적 배경을 엿볼 수 있다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.98-100
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• 2008

자작나무버섯은 자작나무류 수종에 발생하는 버섯으로 상업적 가치가 있는 것으로 판단되나, 우리나라에서는 매우 드물게 발생하고 있어 물박달나무를 이용하여 원목재배를 시도하였다. 자작나무버섯은 4월에 균 접종 후 2년차의 8윌초에 버섯을 형성하여 10월에 성숙하였다. 버섯은 골목 1개당 1개 또는 2개 발생하여 생중량 $212{\sim}1,298\;g$을 수확하였다. 그래서 자작나무버섯의 원목재배는 자실체 대량 생산이 가능하며 버섯을 이용한 새로운 연구가 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.417-430
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• 2020

4종의 판상형 목재제품의 방염제 도포량과 침지시간에 따른 방염성능을 분석하기 위하여 소방청의 방염성능기준에 따라 목재제품의 탄화길이와 탄화면적을 측정하였다. 잣나무 합판, 낙엽송 합판, 편백 판재, 타공처리된 자작나무 합판에 자체 개발된 방염제를 각각 300, 500 g/㎡씩 도포하고 방염처리되지 않은 시험편과 비교하였다. 일반적으로 방염제의 도포량이 증가함에 따라 탄화길이와 탄화면적이 감소하여 방염성능이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으나, 낙엽송 합판을 제외하고 탄화길이와 탄화면적의 감소량이 크지 않았다. 타공처리된 자작나무 합판의 침지시간에 따른 방염성능은 60분의 침지시간까지 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나, 그 이후 점차 완만해지는 경향을 보였다. 방염제의 도포량과 침지시간에 따른 목재제품의 방염성능은 추후 방염성능 기준에 맞는 불연·준불연 목재의 생산을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Heat treatment was performed to improve sound absorption properties for four tree species; Tulip tree, Korean Paulownia, Red pine and Costata birch, at temperature of $175^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$under vacuum condition. Sound absorption properties of two kinds of boards, which were in radial and tangential sections, were measured under a frequency range of 100 to 3200 Hz by the two microphone transfer function method. It was found that sound absorption properties were increased by heat treatment and the efficiency was higher at $200^{\circ}C$ than that at $175^{\circ}C$. Even Costata birch had a little effect on low temperature of $175^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$ heat treatment for sound absorption property, the efficiencies of sound absorption were 14, 19%, respectively. The efficiencies of sound absorption ranged 22 to 120% for heat-treated Tulip tree, Korean Paulownia.