• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the extent of drought resistance based on physiological responses of Calystegia soldanella under water deficit. In order to investigate the changes of plant growth, stomatal density, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, osmolality, total ion contents, the contents of carbohydrate and proline, C. soldanella was grown under well watered and drought stressed conditions for 12 days. In this study, water-deficit resulted in remarkable growth inhibition of C. soldanella. The effect of water-deficit on plant growth was associated with low osmotic potential of soil. On day 12 after drought treatment, dry weight, relative water contents, number and area of leaves and stem length were lower than those of control. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were significantly reduced in water stressed plant to regulate inner water contents and $CO_2$ exchange through the stomatal pore. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents were not different in comparison with the control, indicating that the efficiency of photosystem II was not affected by drought stress. This results could be explained that water-deficit in C. soldanella limits the photosynthetic rate and reduces the plant's ability to convert energy to biomass. A significant increase in total ion contents and osmolality was observed on day 7 and day 12. Accumulation of proline in leaves is associated with the osmotic adjustment in C. soldanella to soil water-deficit. Consequently, this increase in osmolality in water stressed plant can be a result in the increase of ion contents and proline.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2012

The propolis was collected from the whole part of Korea Peninsula, such as central, southern, and Jeju island, to analyze the general composition including total flavonoid and phenolic contents, heavy metals, colors, amino acids, and crude lipid. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of middle region in Korea Peninsula (4.26% and 13.06 g/100 g gallic acid) were higher than southern region (2.53%, 10.9 g/100 g gallic acid) and Jeju island (0.03%, 7.22g/100 g gallic acid), respectively. The heavy metals contents showed that Zn contents were found in $0.44{\pm}0.2ppm$ and a harmful heavy metal such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, As, and Hg were not detected at all in our experiment. The colors of extracted propolis showed a various spectrum from yellow to red purple. Various amino acids were also detected as proline, valine, methionine and the average crude lipid contents of propolis were 42.4%. All data collected in South Korea were very first executed in our institution for the purposes of utilizing and developing the industrial insects, honeybees as well as silkworm.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.689-695
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• 1996

Harringtonine and homoharringtonine known as anti-cancer agents were isolated from Korean native plumyew(Cephalotaxus koreana) using column chromatography(CHCl3:MeOH=19:1, Rf=0.28). The structure of the mixture of two compounds was characterized by 1H-NMR. Comparison of our spectra of harringtonine and homoharringtonine with previously reported ones indicated that the two are identical. The contents of harringtonine and homoharringtonine in the needles, stems, and roots of Korean native plumyew were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The contents of both compounds varied with the site of location and the part of plant. The content of harringtonine was higher in needles and roots than in stems, whereas the content of homoharringtonlne was lower than harringtonine. Homoharringtonine contents in needles at Mt. Palgong, Mt. Dukyu, Mt. Baekyang, Mt. Jiri, and Namhae were higher than in stems and roots. But homoharringtonine contents in needles al Mt. Jokye and Jindo were lower than in stems and roots.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2007

Understanding dietary habits is one of the most important factors in studying food webs and other ecological processes. Here we designed universal primers to amplify portions of the 18S and 28S rDNA sequences to examine gut contents using PCR techniques. The gut contents of sailfin sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) and pacific squid (Todarodes pacificus) were examined. In total, 11 families of prey were identified with 18S and 28S rDNA using the universal primers. The DNA sequence data indicated that the primer sets successfully amplified a wide spectrum of species and represented gut contents in a relatively convenient way. We found that information in the NCBI database was not yet sufficient to discriminate the species we isolated. In addition, technology for the separation of heterogeneous PCR products and better resolution and quantification protocols would help increase data accuracy.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the effect of salt stress on physiological characteristics such as plant growth, photosynthesis, solutes related to osmoregulation of Beta vulgaris. A significant increase of dry weight was observed in 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl. The contents of Chl a, b and carotenoid were lower in NaCl treatments than the control. On 14 day after NaCl treatment, photosynthetic rate (P_N), the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance of CO₂ (g_s) were reduced by NaCl treatment. On 28 day after NaCl treatment, the significant reduction in g_s and E was shown in NaCl 200 mM. However, P_N and water use efficiency (WUE) in all NaCl treatments showed higher value than that of control. Total ion contents (TIC) and osmolality were higher than the control. On 14 day after treatment, the contents of proline (Pro) increased significantly in 200 mM and 300 mM NaCl concentration compared with control, whereas on 28 day in all treatments it was lower than that of the control. The contents of glycine betaine (GB) increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. The contents of Na⁺, Cl^-, GB, osmolality and TIC increased with the increase of NaCl concentrations. These results suggested that under severe NaCl stress conditions, NaCl treatment did not induce photochemical inhibition on fluorescence in the leaves of B. vulgaris, but the reduction of chlorophyll contents was related in a decrease in leaf production. Furthermore, increased GB as well as Na⁺ and Cl^- contents resulted in a increase of osmolality, which can help to overcome NaCl stress.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1991

Cultures of hairy root induced from ginseng(Panax C.A. Meyer) transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (strain A4, ATCC 15834) were established and morphologically two different hairy root strains (HB1, HB2) were obtained. To determine the optimum growth rate, the hairy root (HB2) was cultured in various liquid medium supplemented with or without plant growth hormone. The growth rate of hairy root cultured on MS medium was 1.3-3.1 times higher than those cultured on other media, and the optimum sucrose concentration and pH were 3-6%, 5.5-6.5, respectively. Also, the growth rate of hairy root was increased when 0.02 M ammonium nitrate, 1.2 mM potassium phosphate (monobasic) and 0.5 mg/l IBA were supplied to liquid medium. The saponin patterns and contents of hairy root (HB2) were determined by TLC and HPLC. The crude saponin contents were 4.67% and the total saponin contents were 1.0%, on dry weight basis.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.204.1-204
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.186-197
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• 2012

The proliferation of bioinformatics in modern biology marks a modern revolution in science that promises to influence science education at all levels. This study analyzed the contents of standards in the 7th and 2007 and 2009 revised high school biology curricula and compared the contents, amount and the presentation styles of bioinformatics with those of biotechnology in biology textbooks. In result, first of all, there are some vague expressions about biotechnology and bioinformatics in the 7th and 2007 revised curriculum. There is a clear expression about biotechnology in 'life science I' and 'advanced biology' of 2009 revised curriculum. Second, more biotechnology is introduced than bioinformatics in 'science', 'biology I', 'biology II', 'life science I' textbooks. Third, in 'biology for high class' textbook, amount of biotechnology contents in the 2007 revised curriculum didn't increase. An more effort to introduce bioinformatics to science high school student is needed according to revising curricula.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.158.3-159
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.374.1-374
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text