• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 1999

Talairach atlas consists of three orthogonal sets of coronal, sagittal, and axial slices. This atlas has recently an important role as a standard brain atlas in diagnosing disease related with brain function and analyzing cause of brain disease. The 3D digital volume data set reconstructed from the atlas is widely applied to visualization and quantitative analysis of results processed in the digital computer. This paper represented application method of bi-linear interpolation technique, proposed tri-planar interpolation algorithm for 3D volume data reconstruction of Talairach atlas. And we implemented Talairach atlas editor and discussed problems in volume reconstruction of Talairach atlas. The bi-linear method was applied to only one set of the slices and considered the on intensity value in the interpolation process. The tri-planar technique concurrently uses three orthogonal sets of slices with the same information of brain structures. Talairach atlas editor visualized three sets. of atlas slices on the same coordinate and had editing function. Using the atlas editor, we represented problems in volume reconstruction by showing inconsistency of brain structures among three sets of atlas slices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 1994.12a
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• pp.15-26
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• 1994

Bovine somatotropin(bST) or bovine growth hormone (bGH) is a protein of 191 amino acids produced by the anterior pituitary gland of cattle. Recombinant bovine somatotropin(rbST) is biosynthetic versions of the naturally occurring pituitary hormone in cows. The use of rbST in dairy cows promises to improve the efficiency of milk production around the world. Using recombinant DNA technology, bST can now be produced in commercial quantities. The recombinant bST(rbST) is biologically identical to the found in the bovine pituitary. Milk from rbST-treated cows has been found to have the same nutritional value and composition as milk from untreated cows. In November of 1993, rbST finally was approved by the FDA, nearly 10 years after filing a licence applica-tion. rbST has been one of the most extensively studied animal drug products to be reviewed by the agency. Three scientific facts will help to reassure the public about the safety of the milk suppy.: 1. rbST has no biological activity in humans when indigested orally or when given by intramuscular injection. 2. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) is not orally active. Any changes in IGF-1 levels in milk are well within normal variation and are lower than those reported in human milk. 3. All cow's milk contains bST, and no significant change in bST levels in milk occurs as a result of giving cows supplemental bST. Based on the scientific evidence, the public can be confident that milk and meat from rbST-treated cows is safe to consumers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tumbling condition (time and temperature) on the quality characteristics of restructured chicken breast ham. Tumbling conditions were 10, 30, and 60 min at 3 or $-3^{\circ}C$, respectively. After tumbling, quality characteristic regarding the treatments processed by each condition were measured. There were no significant differences in pH levels among tumbling time or temperature. Treatments involving 60 min of tumbling had significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC) than that tumbled for 10 min, but WHC was not affected by the tumbling temperature. The tumbling condition at $-3^{\circ}C$ for 60 min demonstrated the most effective cooking yields for restructured chicken breast ham. Myofibrillar protein solubility of treatments tumbled for 60 min had the highest value of all, regardless of tumbling temperature. The hardness of treatments tumbled at $-3^{\circ}C$ were lower than those at $3^{\circ}C$; however, the springiness of treatments tumbled for 60 min were significantly higher than those regarding the treatments tumbled for 10 and 30 min. Therefore, tumbling technology for 30 min or more at $-3^{\circ}C$ can produce restructured chicken breast ham of excellent quality.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Ovarian cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related death in women, but the main biological causes remain open questions. Hormonal factors have been considered to be an important determinant causing ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and its analogs have clinically therapeutic value in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, numerous studies have shown that the potential of GnRH-II in normal reproductive system or reproductive disorder. GnRH-I receptors have been detected in approximately 80% of ovarian cancer biopsy specimens as well as normal ovarian epithelial cells and immortalized ovarian surface epithelium cells. GnRH-II receptors have also been found to be more widely expressed than GnRH-I receptors in mammals, suggesting that GnRH receptors may have additional functions in reproductive system including ovarian cancer. The signal transduction pathway following the binding of GnRH to GnRH receptor has been extensively studied. The activation of protein kinase A/C (PKA/PKC) pathway is involved in the GnRH-I induced anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, GnRH-I induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation plays a role in anti-proliferative effect and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and the activation of transcriptional factors related to cellular responses. However, the role of GnRH-I and II receptors, there are discrepancies between previous reports. In this review, the role of GnRH in ovarian cancer and the mechanisms to induce anti-proliferation were evaluated.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2003

In this paper, a classifier of urine analysis system was designed using preprocessing and fuzzy algorithm. Preprocessing were processed by normalizing data of strip using calibration curve composed of achromatic colors value and by calculating three stimulus. FUZZY classifier capable of analyzing a qualitative concentration of test items was composed of fuzzifier by gaussian shaped membership function, inference of MIN method, and defuzzifier of centroid method through verification by measuring standard solution and by classifying concentration classes. After tuning membership function according to relating standard solution with urinalysis sample, the possibility to adapt classifier designed for urine analysis system near a bed was verified as classifying measured urinalysis samples and observing classified result. Of all test items, experimental results showed a satisfactory agreement with test results of reference system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2002

In this study, blood flow in a carotid artery supplying blood to the human's brain has been numerically simulated to find out how the blood flow affects the genesis and the growth of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. Velocity Profiles and hemodynamic parameters have been investigated for the carotid arteries with three different stenoses under physiological flow condition. Blood has been treated as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. To model the shear thinning properties of blood for non-Newtonian fluid, the Carreau-Yasuda model has been employed. The result shows that the wall shear stress(WSS) increases with the development of stenosis and that the wall shear stress in Newtonian fluid is highly evaluated compared with that in non-Newtonian Fluid. Oscillatory shear index has been employed to identify the time-averaged reattachment point and this point is located farther from the stenosis for Newtonian fluid than for non-Newtonian fluid The wall shear stress gradient(WSSG) along the wall has been estimated to be very high around the stenosis region when stenosis is developed much and the WSSG peak value of Newtonian fluid is higher than that of non-Newtonian fluid.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 1995

The correlation technique has been widely used in ctRl data processing. The proposed CLT (clus- tering threshold) technique is a modified CCT (correlation coefficient threshold) technique and has many advantages compared with the conventional CCT technique. The CLT technique is explained by the following two steps. First, once the correlation coefficient map above the proper TH value is obtained using the CCT technique which is discrete and includes splash noise data, then the spurious pixels are rejected and the real neural activity pixels extracted using an nxn matrix box. Second, a clustering operation is performed by the two correction rules. The real neuronal activated pixels can be clustered and the false spurious pixels can be suppressed by the proposed CLT technique. The proposed CLT technique used in the post processing in ctRl has advantages over other existing techniques. It is especially proved to be robust in noisy environment.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, both disease susceptibility and drug response are considered to be related to the characteristics of an individual's physiology and psychology: a theory which is central to traditional Korean medicine. Based on such observable characteristics, Sasang constitutional medicine classifies people into four constitutional types. Genetic studies of Sasang constitution would help reveal the inheritance patterns and models of the typological traits and, moreover, help with traditional medical diagnosis and treatment. To investigate the heritable aspect of Sasang constitution, we collected various pedigrees from South Korea. The study population has 101 pedigrees composed of 593 individuals. The determination of the Sasang constitution type of each individual was performed by doctors who diagnose the Sasang constitutional type of individuals as part of their professional practice. We calculated estimates of familial correlation and heritability. Parent-Offspring pairs showed the strongest familial correlation of Sasang constitutional type, with the correlation values of 0.21 and 0.28, followed by sibling pairs with the value ranging between 0.14 and 0.25. From the heritability analysis conducted with the Variance-Component method, the heritability of TE (Tae-Eum) type, SY (So-Yang) type, and SE (So-Eum) type were 55%, 41%, and 47%, respectively. This pattern of heritability was consistent with different set of analyses, which suggest the robustness of our result. Our result clearly shows that the Sasang constitution type is heritable, and further genetic analysis based on our result will shed light on the biological mechanism of Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2008

1. Objectives This is a case of refractory ascites due to hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Sasang Constitutional Medication. Refractory ascites, which did not respond to diuretics, was improved with Jeoryeongchajeonja-tang. 2. Methods We recorded the patient's abdominal circumference, body weight and urine output daily. We also investigated the TTKG(transtubular potassium gradient) values 3 times during the treatment course. 3. Results the TTKG value of the patient was siginificantly decreased. TTKG values before administration of Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang were 8.41, 10.82, respectively and 4.25 after administration of Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang. 4. Conclusions We guess that Jeoryeongchajeonja-tang functions as an aldosterone antagonist or increases spironolactone activity through interaction between Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang and spironolactone. But the mechanism of Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang is not clear, so we need more clinical study of refractory ascites improved with Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang and biological study of interaction between Jeotyeongchajeonja-tang and spironolactone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1287-1291
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• 2009

The genes of cyanide hydratase(CHT), a kind of nitrilases whichhydrolyze cyanide to formamide were extracted from N. crassa and A. nidulans, the two fungal strains. The recombinant forms of the CHT originated from N. crassa and A. nidulans were prepared with N-terminal hexahistidine purificationtags or no tags, and expressed in E. coli. The enzymes were purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. They were compared according to their pH activity profiles, and kinetic parameters. The N. crassa CHT has the wider pH range of activity above 50% and three-fold higher turnover rate (6.6 ${\times}$ $10^8$ $min^{-1}$) than the A. nidulans, meanwhile the CHT of A. nidulans has the higher $K_m$ value. Expression of CHT in both N. crassa and A. nidulans were induced by the presence of KCN, regardless of any presence of nitrogen sources. Max. 82% of KCN was degraded in 60 min for biological degradation tests.