• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.267-275
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• 1992

Remote afterloading high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) is a new technology and needs new biological principle for time and dose schedule. Here, authors attempt to evaluate the technique and clinical outcome in 116 patients, 590 procedures peformed at Asan Medical Center for 3 years. From Sep. 1989 to Aug 1992, 471 procedures of intracavitary radiation in 58 patients of cervical cancer and 26 of nasopharyngeal cancer,79 intraluminal radiation in 12 of esophageal cancer, 11 of endobronchial cancer and 1 Klatskin tumor and 40 interstitial brachytherapy in 4 of breast cancer, 1 sarcoma and 1 urethral cancer were performed. Median follow-up was 7 months with range $1\~31$ months. All procedures except interstitial were performed under the local anesthesia and they were all well tolerated and completed the planned therapy except 6 patients. 53/58 patients with cervical cancer and 22/26 patients with nasopharynx cancer achieved CR. Among 15 patients with palliative therapy, $80{\%}$ achieved palliation. We will describe the details of the technique and results in the text. To evaluate biologic effects of HDRB and optimal time/dose/fractionation schedule, we need longer follow-up. But authors feel that HDRB with proper fractionation schedule may yield superior results compared to the low dose rate brachytherapy considering the advantages of HDRB in safety factor for operator, better control of radiation dose and volume and patients comfort over the low dose brachytherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

LNG storage tank is a facility to store liquefied natural gas (LNG) and its safety and stability to be greatly needed. When there is a LNG leakage in case of primary container problem, a special facility such as a bund wall should be constructed to store the leaked LNG. But this method makes the land usage inefficient and construction price high. So nowadays the full containment type LNG storage tank is selected instead of constructing a bund wall. In the full containment type tank, the concrete sidewall has the ability to store LNG temporarily. There are largely two methods to give the concrete sidewall the ability. In a method, rebar should be used when constructing the side wall of the LNG storage tank. In the other method, the protecting material such as sprayed polyurethane foam should be applied on the inner surface of the concrete sidewall. Sprayed PUF keeps the temperature of the sidewall above the specified temperature during the specified periods. Recently the thermal stability reinforcing method using sprayed polyurethane foam has been applied to all LNG storage tank built in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 1996

This study was conducted to establish model between lead and ZPP concentration in blood of workers exposed to lead. Workers employed in secondary smelting manufacturing industry showed $85.1{\mu}g/dl$ of blood lead level, exceeding $60{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria for Removal defined by Occupational Safety and Health Act of Korea. Average blood lead level of workers in the battery manufacturing industry was $51.3{\mu}g/dl$, locating between $40{\mu}g/dl$ and $60{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria for Requiring Medical Removal. Blood lead level of in the litharge and radiator manufacturing industry was below $40{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria Requiring Temporary Medical Removal. Blood lead levels of workers by industry were Significantly different(p<0.05). 50(21 %) showed blood lead levels above $60{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria for Removal and 66(27.7 %) showed blood lead levels between the Criteria for Requiring Medical Removal, $40-60{\mu}g/dl$. Thus, approximately 50 percent of workers indicated blood lead levels above $40{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria Requiring Temporary Medical Removal and should receive medical examination and consultation including biological monitoring. Average ZPP level of workers employed in the secondary smelting industry was $186.2{\mu}g/dl$, exceeding above $150{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria for Removal. Seventy seven of all workers(32.3 %) showed ZPP level above $100-150{\mu}g/dl$, the Criteria for Requiring Medical Removal. The most appropriate model for predicting ZPP in blood was log-linear regression model. Log linear regression models between lead and ZPP concentrations in blood was Log ZPP(${\mu}g/dl$) = -0.2340 + 1.2270 Log Pb-B(${\mu}g/dl$)(standard error of estimate: 0,089, ${\gamma}^2=0.4456$, n=238, P=0.0001), Blood-in-lead explained 44.56 % of the variance in log(ZPP in blood).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.384-401
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• 2016

The vegetation assessment indicator has been developed recently as a biological part of the integrated assessment system for river environment to improve the efficiency of river restoration projects. This study carried out to test the vegetation assessment indicator and to reset its grade criteria on experimental streams. We classified and mapped vegetation communities at the level of physiognomic-floristic composition by each assessment unit. A total of 204 sampling quadrats were set up on the 68 assessment units at 5 experimental streams. By analyzing the vegetation data collected, we examined the appropriate numbers of sampling quadrats, the criteria of vegetation index score, classification of vegetation community, and grade criteria for vegetation assessment. The developed vegetation assessment indicator composed with the vegetation complexity index (VCI), the vegetation diversity index (VDI), and the vegetation naturalness index (VNI) was proved to reflect the current conditions of the streams sufficiently. The contribution of vegetation naturalness index to grading by vegetation assessment indicator was larger, but three indexes were closely correlated to each other. Also there was more clearer discrimination of grading with the application of adjusted criteria of vegetation assessment indicator and the standardized classification of vegetation community, but the stream segment type did not influence the vegetation assessment grade significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Two insecticides, commonly used for Chinese cabbage, etofenprox and methoxyfenozide, were subjected to a field residue trial to evaluate safeties of the residues at harvest. The pesticides were sprayed onto the crop at recommended and double doses 10 days before the prearranged harvest and then sampling was done at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 12 days after spraying. The amounts of pesticides residues in the crop were analyzed by chromatographic methods. Limits of detection (LODs) of both etofenprox and methoxyfenozide were $0.01mg\;kg^{-1}$ and mean recoveries were $96.76{\pm}2.67$ (CV=2.76%) and $95.84{\pm}2.57%$(CV=2.69%) in case of etofenprox and $103.26{\pm}3.21$ (CV=3.11%) and $94.50{\pm}1.35%$(CV=1.43%) in case of methoxyfenozide, respectively. Biological half-lives of etofenprox and methoxyfenozide were 3.2 and 3.5 days at the recommended dose and 2.7 and 3.5 days at the double dose, respectively. Initial residue levels of the pesticides at the recommended and double doses exceeded their MRLs, but final residue levels of the pesticides in the crop samples at harvest were less than their MRLs. The ratios of the EDI to ADI by intake the crop harvested 10 days after spraying were less than 4% of their ADIs, representing that residue levels of two pesticides at harvest were evaluated as safe.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 2020

This study investigated the whitening activity using seomaeyakssuk (Artemisia argyi H.) extract. Seomaeyakssuk was extracted from hot DW (AAD) and 70% ethanol (AAE). And confirmed safety through assessment of cytotoxicity. Also, whitening activities were measured through changes in the levels of extracellular melanin, melanin synthesis, cellular tyrosinase activity and transcription factor. The results confirmed that significant cytotoxicity does not appear in the concentration range of 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/㎖ of both extracts of this study. The production of extracellular melanin was slowed by AAD 45.0% and AAE 1.3% at 200 ㎍/㎖ concentration. Also, production of intracellular melanin was decreased AAD 37.2% and AAE 24.6%. In the case of intra cellular tyrosinase activity was reduced to AAD 49.2% and AAE 35.6% at 200 ㎍/㎖ concentration. The mRNA expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 significantly decreased by AAD 63.0%/AAE 58.0%, AAD 60.0%/AAE 56.0% and AAD 59.0%/AAE 53.0%, respectively, following the 200 ㎍/㎖ sample treatment when compared to the control. Both extracts showed efficient changes of production of whitening-related factor and transcription factor. But AAD was found to have a higher inhibitory effect than AAE. In other words, seomaeyakssuk was showed significant biological activities showing whitening without cytotoxicity. These results will be provided as fundamental data for further development of the new material of functional cosmetics to the results above.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

Medicinal herbs have been shown to have protective functions for skin and hair. We investigated the effects of complex of soluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and phytochemicals on the functions of skin and hair. In previous report, we evaluated the safety of supramolecules and found their anti-microbial effects and anti-fungal effect against Gram (+) and Malassezia furfur which is known to cause dandruff. Here we present that functional supramolecules-containing cream promotes the biological skin activity by inducing the collagen formation. And treatment of supramolecules-containing hair tonic increased the rate of hair growth of mouse. Taken together, supramolecular cosmetic compounds containing water insoluble phytochemicals and water soluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin exhibit the potential ability for hair growth promotion and delaying the aging of skin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 2010

Rosa rugosa has been used as a folk medicine with various pharmacological properties for a long time in Asia. Recently, it has been reported that the extract of fractions from different parts of Rosa rugosa have various pharmacological effects on diverse diseases including diabetes, inflammatory diseases and tumor. We investigated effects of fructus extracts of Rosa rugosa(RRF) and semen extracts of this herb(RRS) on macrophage to evaluate the possibilities as a biological response modifier. We showed increased effects on tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity, TNF-$\alpha$ and NO production in RRF-treated groups without direct tumor cell cytotoxicity. RRS-treated groups increased direct tumor cell cytotoxicity at high dose without tumoricial activity except increasing of TNF-$\alpha$ release. These results provide further possibilities for the beneficial immunomodulating effects of RRF on immune system with relatively larger safety margin rather than RRS.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-269
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• 2014

Traditional agriculture technology is absolutely valuable not only to preserve biological diversity but construct an eco-friendly agricultural system. As the awareness of food safety has been growing, traditional technologies in the past agriculture literatures have obtained more attention sine chemical or synthesized fertilizer and agricultural pesticide were not used in these traditional agriculture ways. This study aims to evaluate development values on six kinds of agriculture literatures published before initial 1970s using Delphi technique and Correspondence analysis. The domains of assesment are include livestock sanitation, breeding management, feeding program and an extra part which 261 traditional agriculture technologies were first extracted from. From these technologies, livestock experts deducted 228 items and selected items more than 3.0 from all three areas including usefulness, scientific characteristic and economical efficiency utilizing Delphi technique.: 35 items from usefulness, 31 items from scientific characteristic, and 18 items from economical efficiency. The 23 technology items were finalized after adding five modern feasibility items recommended by experts to 18 items gaining more than 3.0 in at least three areas. The agriculture technologies were categorized into four areas where were analyzed using Correspondence analysis. The results revealed that 'sustainable farming technology', 'scientific character verification', ' modernized technology development', and 'intellectual property right' were placed closely one another except 'economy efficiency'. The result implicated that scientific verification and economy efficiency should be considered in order to sustain traditional agriculture technology into a modernized way and to protect intellectual property right of these technologies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.282-293
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• 2020

This study investigated a long-term variation trend of water quality, fish compositions, and ecological health conditions in the Gwanpyeong stream located in the nearby Daejeon metropolitan city to understand the impact of urban development projects on the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling was made in four surveys (2009, 2010, 2016, 2019) before and after urbanization. The urban development was conducted in 2008, resulting in the stream's ecological disturbance, and the stream restoration was conducted in 2012. Thus, stream monitoring was conducted to analyze the ecological trends before and after the restoration. The multi-metric models for Fish Assessment Index(FAI) and necropsy-based Health Assessment Index(HAI) were applied in the fish community and organ-level, respectively, to assess the ecological health of the stream. Minimum turbidity and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) occurred in the mid-stream(St. 2), and this was probably due to rapid current velocity in the riffle zone. We collected 18 fish species, and the dominant species was Zacco platypus (40.6%). In 2016 immediately after the stream restoration, the relative proportions of sensitive species and insectivore species were the highest along with highest values in the species diversity and species richness index, resulting in the best condition in the ecological health, based on FAI model values. However, the ecological health, based on the FAI, became worse in the latest survey conducted in 2019. The analysis of the HAI model based on the organ-level approach showed skin erosion in the fish of upper stream, kidney defects in downstream, and the liver and gill defects observed in all sites, indicating that the anatomical health was also affected.