• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2004

목적: 생체 내로 이식한 신경 줄기 세포의 이동과 증식을 비침습적으로 추적하는 것은 기초와 임상에서 중요한 것으로 알려져 있다. 신경줄기 세포주(F3)를 생체내로 이식 후, 비침습적으로 추적하기 위해 사람의 hNIS 유전자를 F3 세포에 안정적으로 형질 도입하여 세포 배양 시간 및 조건에 따른 F3-NIS 세포 내에서 hNIS 유전자의 발현 변화를 알아보았다. 방법: HB1.F3는 태아 종뇌에서 신경 줄기 세포를 분리한 후 v-myc유전자로 불멸화한 신경줄기 세포주이다. CMV 프로모터 조절 받도록 hNIS와 하이그로마이신 저항 유전자를 IRES(internal ribosomal entry site)를 이용하여 재조합하였다(pIRES-NIS/Hyg). pIRES-NIS/Hyg를 리포좀을 이용하여 HB1.F3 세포를 형질전환 하였다. 탈메틸화시약(5-Azacytidine)와 히스톤탈아실화효소저해제(trichostatin; TSA)을 세포주에 24시간 처리한 후, hNIS 발현을 I-125 섭취율과 역전사효소 중합효소연쇄반응(RT-PCR)으고 측정하였다. 결과: pIRES-NIS/Hyg 재조합 유전자를 HB1.F3에 형질도입 후, 2주 동안 하이그로마이신 B를 처리해 hNIS 유전자를 안정적으로 발현하는 HB1.F3 세포를 얻었다(F3-NIS III). I-125 섭취율은 HB1.F3에 비해 F3-NIS가 12.9배 높았으며, $KClO_4$를 처리 했을 때 F3-NIS의 I-125 섭취가 완전히 저해되었다. F3-NIS를 계대 배양하면 hNIS 유전자의 발현이 1.9배 까지 서서히 감소하였다. 5-Azacytidine과 TSA를 F3-NIS에 24시간 처리한 결과, I-125 섭취율이 5-Azacytidine과 TSA 농도에 따라 증가되었다. 또한 같은 방법으로 F3-NIS 세포에 5-Azacytidine과 TSA를 처리한 후 hNIS 프라이머로 RT-PCR을 수행한 결과 hNIS mRNA가 농도에 따라 증가 되었다. 결론: hNIS 유전자 이입된 F3 세포는 계대 배양하는 동안 생물학적인 특성이 변화되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 이는 줄기 세포에 이입된 외래 유전자의 발현이 DNA 탈메틸화나 히스혼아세틸화를 통한 에피지네틱 조율 때문이라고 생각한다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2005

2003년 북제주 지역의 육상양식장에서 양식중인 넙치에서 새로운 타입의 스쿠티카섬모충을 분리하였다. 이 충은 환경에 따라 ciliate와 cyst로 변태하며 장기간 생존하였는데, ciliate stage의 크기는 영양상태가 양호한 시기 기준 평균 길이 41.8, 폭 21.0 ${\mu}m$ 이었으며, cyst stage는 평균 길이 17.0 ${\mu}m$, 폭 13.5 ${\mu}m$ 이었다. 변태하는 주 원인은 먹이 양이었다. 먹이가 부족하면 cyst로 변태하여 장기간 생존이 가능하며, 먹이가 풍부해지면 ciliate로 재변태하여 활발히 증식하였다. In vitro 배양시험 결과 MS BHI 배지에서 비브리오균 (V. lentus)을 먹이로 하여 15$^{\circ}C$에서 최고 2.9${\times}$105 ${m\ell}^{-1}$의 고밀도로 배양되었다. 환경에 대한 적응시험 결과 ciliate는 염분농도 1-55 ppt, 온도 2.5-30$^{\circ}C$, pH 6-9 범위에서 증식이 가능하였다. 특히 0$^{\circ}C$에서도 7일 이상 장시간 생존이 가능하여 환경에 대한 적응력이 매우 뛰어났다. cyst는 먹이가 없는 상태에서 장시간 생존이 가능하였는데, 5$^{\circ}C$에서는 320일 동안 생존하였으며 온도가 높아질수록 생존기간은 짧아졌다. 화합물을 이용한 in vitro 구제시험에서는 포르말린과 과산화수소 모두 200 ppm/1시간 약욕으로 구제효과가 있었으나 화합물의 약욕농도와 시간에 따라 효과가 달랐다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2008

상황버섯의 지방소화효소 억제와 항산화 활성을 구명하기 위해 상황버섯 메탄올 추출물의 췌장 lipase 억제 활성과 항산화 활성을 in vitro에서 측정하고, 흰쥐에 고지방식이와 함께 상황버섯 분말을 투여하여 지방소화효소 활성 저해를 통한 지방 흡수 억제와 항산화 효과를 in vivo에서 관찰하였다. 메탄올 추출물의 췌장 지방소화효소 활성 저해능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과, $IC_{50}$가 각각 $36.3\;{\mu}g/mL$와 $20.1\;{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났으며, DPPH 소거능은 비타민 C의 $IC_{50}$인 $18.3\;{\mu}g/mL$와 비슷하였다. 상황버섯 분말을 고지방식이에 각각 2%와 5% 첨가한 식이를 공급하고 8주간 사육한 결과, 상황버섯 첨가로 인해 식이섭취량은 증가하였으나 체중과 체지방량에는 차이가 없었으며 따라서 식이효율은 낮았지만 유의적이지는 않았다. 그러나 상황버섯 섭취로 인해 지질의 흡수가 감소되어 분변으로의 지질 배설량이 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 혈장 지질의 경우, 상황버섯 첨가군에서 혈장 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL 콜레스테롤, 간의 총 지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량이 대조군에 비해 낮아진 것으로 조사되었다. 혈장 GPT 활성은 상황버섯 2%와 5% 첨가군에서 각각 대조군에 비해 43%와 45% 감소하였다. 혈장, 적혈구 및 간의 항산화 효소 활성을 측정한 결과, 상황버섯의 첨가로 T-SOD 활성은 영향을 받지 않았으나, GSH-Px는 간과 혈장에서 활성이 증가하였다. 실험식이를 공급하고 2주, 4주 및 8주에 림프구를 분리하여 DNA 손상 정도를 측정한 결과, 상황버섯을 2주간 섭취한 후의 림프구 DNA 손상이 대조군에 비해 큰 것으로 조사되었으나, 4주간 섭취한 군에서는 차이가 없었고, 8주에서는 DNA 손상이 억제되었으며 2% 첨가군에서 DNA 손상 억제 정도가 가장 크게 나타났다. 림프구에 $H_2O_2$로 산화스트레스를 가하고 DNA 손상 정도를 측정한 결과, 상황버섯 첨가군의 DNA 손상이 대조군에 비해 식이섭취기간에 비례해서 낮아졌고, 5% 첨가보다는 2% 첨가군에서 억제 효과가 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과들로부터, 상황버섯은 생체 내 항산화 효소계의 활성유도와 산화스트레스로 인해 생성된 라디칼의 활발한 소거를 통해 세포의 산화적 손상을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 한국인 분변으로 부터 분리, 동정된 Lactobacillus 속 균주의 종별 출현빈도, 산 생성능, 인공 위액 및 인공 담즙에 대한 내성, cholesterol 저하능력 등이 검토되었다. 생후3일부터 37세까지의 총 13명의 남·여의 분변으로부터 총 52균주의 Lactobacilli가 분리되었고 이 중 L. acidophilus가 19주로 가장 많았으며 다음으로 L. plantarum 순이었다. 분리주 중 L. acidophilus로 동정된 17주와 L. casei로 동정된 3주에 대해서 생리적 특성을 검토한 바 각각 다음과 같은 결과가 얻어졌다. 인공위액에 대한 내성 실험결과 L. acidophilus a-4는 pH 2.5에서 3시간 경과 후에도 전혀 사멸하지 않고 100% 생존하는 것으로 나타났으며, L. acidophilus a-2와 L. casei b-3도 75%이상의 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 나머지 13주는 40%이하의 생존율을 나타내어, 균주 별로 인공위액에 대한 내성은 큰 차이를 나타났다. 내 담즙성을 측정한 결과 L. acidophilus a-3를 포함한 4주는 성장에 지장을 받지 않았으나 대부분의 분리 균주는 생균수가 처리전 보다 $54{\sim}99%$ 정도로 감소되는 것으로 나타나 인공위액 내성과 마찬가지로 균주에 따라 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 환원 탈지유를 이용한 산생성능에 있어서는 두 L. acidophilus 균주 (a-2 및 a-16)가 60시간 경과 후 $2.1{\sim}2.3%$의 적정 산도까지 도달하였고 이때 pH는 $3.5{\sim}3.6%$이었다 60시간 배양 후 적정 산도가 0.8%에 도달하지 못한 것은 총 20주중 10주였다. 한편 cholesterol 저하능을 측정한 결과 공시한 20개 분리주 중에서 L. acidophilus a-2 주와 a-6 주가 70% 이상의 우수한 저하능력을 나타냈고, 12균주가 60% 이상의 저하능을 나타냈다. cholesterol 저하능은 동일 균종이라 하더라도 분리원(사람)은 물론 동일 분리원에서 유래된 균주 간에도 큰 차이가 나타났다. 담즙산에 대한 내성과 cholesterol 저하능력과의 관련성은 상호간의 유의적인 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 실험에서 얻은 몇 균주는 인체에 섭취될 경우 사멸하지 않고 소화관 하부까지 도달할 수 있는 잠재성이 있었으며, 따라서 이들 분리주는 정장제로 이용될 수 있다고 생각되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2023

기존 아민 수용액 기반 CO₂ 포집 공정을 산업적으로 적용할 경우 CO₂ 탈거 및 용매 재생에 따른 재생 에너지가 크다는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문은 CO₂에 대한 높은 흡수 용량과 함께 흡수제에 포함된 물의 조성을 낮춤으로써 재생 에너지를 저감할 수 있는 저수계 흡수제를 제안하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 디아민인 MAPA (3-methylaminopropylamine)와 함께 물의 일부를 대신하여 물에 비해 CO₂에 대한 물리적 용해도가 높고 비열이 낮은 NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone)를 흡수제에 도입하였다. 흡수제의 CO₂에 대한 흡수 용량(α_rich)과 순환 흡수 용량(Δα) 및 흡수 속도는 충전탑을 이용하여 측정하였다. 2.5M의 MAPA를 포함한 흡수제를 사용했을 경우 NMP가 10 wt% 포함된 경우에 최대 순환 흡수 용량을 얻을 수 있었다. 총괄물질전달 계수는 NMP의 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 0.5보다 더 높은 CO₂ 로딩 값에서는 NMP의 농도 증가에 따른 물질전달 계수의 증가 폭이 줄어들었다. lean 로딩 값이 낮은 경우에는 점성에 의한 물질전달 저항이 낮아서 NMP 첨가에 따라 총괄 물질전달 계수가 증가하나 로딩 값이 증가함에 따라 흡수제의 점도가 증가하면서 CO₂와 MAPA의 확산도가 낮아지며 이에 따라 총괄 물질전달계수가 급격히 감소하였다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.45-46
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• 2015

Clubroot disease of crucifers has occurred since 1957. It has spread to the whole China, especially in the southwest and nourtheast where it causes 30-80% loss in some fields. The disease has being expanded in the recent years as seeds are imported and the floating seedling system practices. For its effective control, the Ministry of Agriculture of China set up a program in 2010 and a research team led by Dr. Yueqiu HE, Yunnan Agricultural University. The team includes 20 main reseachers of 11 universities and 5 institutions. After 5 years, the team has made a lot of progresses in disease occurrence regulation, resources collection, resistance identification and breeding, biological agent exploration, formulation, chemicals evaluation, and control strategy. About 1200 collections of local and commercial crucifers were identified in the field and by artificiall inoculation in the laboratories, 10 resistant cultivars were breeded including 7 Chinese cabbages and 3 cabbages. More than 800 antagostic strains were isolated including bacteria, stretomyces and fungi. Around 100 chemicals were evaluated in the field and greenhouse based on its control effect, among them, 6 showed high control effect, especially fluazinam and cyazofamid could control about 80% the disease. However, fluzinam has negative effect on soil microbes. Clubroot disease could not be controlled by bioagents and chemicals once when the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae infected its hosts and set up the parasitic relationship. We found the earlier the pathogent infected its host, the severer the disease was. Therefore, early control was the most effective. For Chinese cabbage, all controlling measures should be taken in the early 30 days because the new infection could not cause severe symptom after 30 days of seeding. For example, a biocontrol agent, Bacillus subtilis Strain XF-1 could control the disease 70%-85% averagely when it mixed with seedling substrate and was drenching 3 times after transplanting, i.e. immediately, 7 days, 14 days. XF-1 has been deeply researched in control mechanisms, its genome, and development and application of biocontrol formulate. It could produce antagonistic protein, enzyme, antibiotics and IAA, which promoted rhizogenesis and growth. Its The genome was sequenced by Illumina/Solexa Genome Analyzer to assembled into 20 scaffolds then the gaps between scaffolds were filled by long fragment PCR amplification to obtain complet genmone with 4,061,186 bp in size. The whole genome was found to have 43.8% GC, 108 tandem repeats with an average of 2.65 copies and 84 transposons. The CDSs were predicted as 3,853 in which 112 CDSs were predicted to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism. Among those, five NRPS/PKS giant gene clusters being responsible for the biosynthesis of polyketide (pksABCDEFHJLMNRS in size 72.9 kb), surfactin(srfABCD, 26.148 kb, bacilysin(bacABCDE 5.903 kb), bacillibactin(dhbABCEF, 11.774 kb) and fengycin(ppsABCDE, 37.799 kb) have high homolgous to fuction confirmed biosynthesis gene in other strain. Moreover, there are many of key regulatory genes for secondary metabolites from XF-1, such as comABPQKX Z, degQ, sfp, yczE, degU, ycxABCD and ywfG. were also predicted. Therefore, XF-1 has potential of biosynthesis for secondary metabolites surfactin, fengycin, bacillibactin, bacilysin and Bacillaene. Thirty two compounds were detected from cell extracts of XF-1 by MALDI-TOF-MS, including one Macrolactin (m/z 441.06), two fusaricidin (m/z 850.493 and 968.515), one circulocin (m/z 852.509), nine surfactin (m/z 1044.656~1102.652), five iturin (m/z 1096.631~1150.57) and forty fengycin (m/z 1449.79~1543.805). The top three compositions types (contening 56.67% of total extract) are surfactin, iturin and fengycin, in which the most abundant is the surfactin type composition 30.37% of total extract and in second place is the fengycin with 23.28% content with rich diversity of chemical structure, and the smallest one is the iturin with 3.02% content. Moreover, the same main compositions were detected in Bacillus sp.355 which is also a good effects biocontol bacterial for controlling the clubroot of crucifer. Wherefore those compounds surfactin, iturin and fengycin maybe the main active compositions of XF-1 against P. brassicae. Twenty one fengycin type compounds were evaluate by LC-ESI-MS/MS with antifungal activities, including fengycin A $C_{16{\sim}C19}$, fengycin B $C_{14{\sim}C17}$, fengycin C $C_{15{\sim}C18}$, fengycin D $C_{15{\sim}C18}$ and fengycin S $C_{15{\sim}C18}$. Furthermore, one novel compound was identified as Dehydroxyfengycin $C_{17}$ according its MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data, which molecular weight is 1488.8480 Da and formula $C_{75}H_{116}N_{12}O_{19}$. The fengycin type compounds (FTCPs $250{\mu}g/mL$) were used to treat the resting spores of P. brassicae ($10^7/mL$) by detecting leakage of the cytoplasm components and cell destruction. After 12 h treatment, the absorbencies at 260 nm (A260) and at 280 nm (A280) increased gradually to approaching the maximum of absorbance, accompanying the collapse of P. brassicae resting spores, and nearly no complete cells were observed at 24 h treatment. The results suggested that the cells could be lyzed by the FTCPs of XF-1, and the diversity of FTCPs was mainly attributed to a mechanism of clubroot disease biocontrol. In the five selected medium MOLP, PSA, LB, Landy and LD, the most suitable for growth of strain medium is MOLP, and the least for strains longevity is the Landy sucrose medium. However, the lipopeptide highest yield is in Landy sucrose medium. The lipopeptides in five medium were analyzed with HPLC, and the results showed that lipopeptides component were same, while their contents from B. subtilis XF-1 fermented in five medium were different. We found that it is the lipopeptides content but ingredients of XF-1 could be impacted by medium and lacking of nutrition seems promoting lipopeptides secretion from XF-1. The volatile components with inhibition fungal Cylindrocarpon spp. activity which were collect in sealed vesel were detected with metheds of HS-SPME-GC-MS in eight biocontrol Bacillus species and four positive mutant strains of XF-1 mutagenized with chemical mutagens, respectively. They have same main volatile components including pyrazine, aldehydes, oxazolidinone and sulfide which are composed of 91.62% in XF-1, in which, the most abundant is the pyrazine type composition with 47.03%, and in second place is the aldehydes with 23.84%, and the third place is oxazolidinone with 15.68%, and the smallest ones is the sulfide with 5.07%.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

동계기온의 지속적인 상승에도 불구하고 낙엽과수의 동해발생빈도는 줄지 않고 있지만, 동해 경감을 위해 필수적인 사전경보시스템에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 급격한 기후변화에 적응하지 못하는 기존의 '최저기온 의존 동해경보시스템'을 보완하기 위해 생물계절이론에 근거한 휴면심도를 동해위험도 판정의 추가기준으로 제시한다. 평년 기온자료와 생물계절모형에 근거한 휴면심도의 경시변화양상은 낙엽과수의 교과서적인 내동성 변화추세와 일치하였다. 개별 연도의 기온자료에 의해 추정된 휴면심도는 연차 변이가 현저하였으며 동일 연도 내 지역간 변이도 확인할 수 있었다. 전북 김제시 백구면 Campbell Early 주산지 10개 포도원을 대상으로 소기후모형과 인근 기상관서 기후자료에 의해 연도별 최저기온을 복원하고, 최저기온 발생일의 휴면심도를 생물계절모형으로 추정하였으며, 동해정도를 조사하였다. 최저기온휴면심도 피해율 사이의 관계를 분석하여 동해위험도 판정식을 작성하고, 이를 근거로 경북 영천, 충북 옥천, 충남 아산, 경기 화성 등 4개 포도 주산지 시군에 대해 1971-2000 평년의 동해위험지도를 30 m 공간해상도로 제작하였다. 화성지역의 경우 1996년의 동해사례에 의해 동해위험지도의 신뢰성을 부분적으로 검증할 수 있었다. 월동기간 중 실측기온자료에 의해 임의날짜의 휴면심도를 추정하고, 기상청 예보기온을 소기후모형에 의해 30m해상도의 국지기온 예상분포도로 변환한 다음, 내일 아침의 동해가능성을 동해위험도 판정식에 의해 판정할 수 있는 실시간 동해경보시스템을 설계하였다. 이 시스템의 실제 운영을 위해 필요한 프로그램을 작성하고 하드웨어를 갖추어 기상청 국가농업기상센터에 이전, 설치하였다. 산출되는 최저기온 및 동해위험정보는 표준지리정보로 가공되어 기상청 농업 기상정보서비스를 통해 시범적으로 제공될 예정이다.되지 않았으며 상처에 의하여서도 전혀 반응을 하지 않았다. 고에서는 이와 같은 비상통신과 관련하여 수행하고 있는 국외 비상통신 관련표준화 현황 및 해외 주요국가 별 구축 동향에 대해서 기술한다.급식성과는 급식경험 기간과 음(-)의 상관관계를, 아침식사횟수와는 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였으며, 서비스 품질의 특성 영역은 각 영역들에 대한 급식성과 점수가 높을수록 다른 영역의 급식성과 점수가 높은 유의적인(p <0.01) 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때, 균형된 영양공급이 다른 어느 시기보다 더 중요한 우리의 청소년들의 학교급식에 대한 만족도를 높이기 위해서 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 먼저, 학교급식에 대한 식단 작성 시 학생들이 학교에서 제공되기 원하는 식단에 대한 의견을 받고 그 의견에 대한 결과를 게시하여 학생들이 제공되기 원하는 식단을 급식 시 제공하여 학생들이 식단선택에 동참할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것이 바람직하겠다. 또한 영양사는 학급의 반대표와의 정기적인 모임을 가짐으로서 학생들의 불만사항 및 개선 요구사항에대해 서로 의견을 교환하여 설문지조사가 아닌 직접적인 대화를 하여 문제점을 파악하고자 하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하겠다. 특히 아침식사의 결식 빈도가 높았고 이는 급식성과에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 학교에서 제공하는 음식의 섭취정도에도 영향을 주고 있으므로 학생들에게 학부모와 전담교사 및 학교영양사는 학생들에게 이상적인 아침식사에 대한 교육은 물론이고 아침식사를 실천할 수 있도록 다양한 방안에 대해 함께 연구해야 하겠다. 정부차원에서 학교급식에 아침식사 프로그램을 도입할 수 있는 방안을 연구하고, 아침을 결식하는 학생이 학교에서 수업시작 하기 전에 간단한 식사를 할 수 있는 정책 도입이 필요하다acid의 생성량(生成量)을 측정(測定)하였는데 periodate의 소비량(消費量)은

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제10권
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• pp.69-100
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• 1968

1 : 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 가장 큰 미생물원(微生物源)이 되는 누룩중(中)의 미생물군(微生物群)과 효소(酵素)를 조사하기 위(爲)하여 충남대학교(忠南大學校) 농과대학(農科大學)에서 제조(製造)한 누룩(S)와 시판(市販) 누룩(T)을 공시(供試)하여 사상균(絲狀菌), 호기성세균(好氣性細菌), 유산균(乳酸菌) 및 효모(酵母)를 검색(檢索) 계수(計數)하고 특(特)히 효모(酵母)는 TTC-agar 처리(處理)로서 그 정색별(呈色別)에 따라 유별(類別)하였으며 또한 Amylase 및 Protease 역가(力價)를 측정(測定)하여 얻은 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (a) S 누룩 1gm. 중(中)에는 Aspergilles eryzae group: $240{\times}10^5$, Black aspergilli: $163{\times}10^5$, Rhizopus: $20{\times}10^5$, Penicillia: $134{\times}10^5$, 호기성(好氣性) 세균(細菌): $9{\times}10^6{\sim}2{\times}10^7$, 유산균(乳酸菌): $3{\times}10^4$개(個)이였으며 T 누룩 1gm.중(中)에는 Aspergilles oryzae group: $836{\times}10^5$, Black aspergilli: $268{\times}10^5$, Rhizopus: $623{\times}10^5$, Penicillia: $264{\times}10^5$, 호기성(好氣性) 세균(細菌): $5{\times}10^6{\sim}9{\times}10^6$, 유산균(乳酸菌): $3{\times}10^4$개(個)이였다. (b) S 누룩중(中) 호기성세균(好氣性細菌)은 $80{\sim}90%$가 Bacillus subtilis 계(系)인것 같았으며 T 누룩의 것은 70%내외(內外)가 구균(球菌)이었고 유산균(乳酸菌)은 양(兩)누룩이 다 약(約) 80%가 구상유산균(球狀乳酸菌)이였다. (c) S 누룩 1gm.중(中)의 효모(酵母)는 약(約) $6{\times}10^4$개(個)로서 이 중(中) TTC Pink 효모(酵母)가 56.5%, Red pink 효모(酵母): 16%, Red 효모(酵母): 8%, White 효모(酵母): 19.5%이었으며 T 누룩 1gm.중(中)의 효모(酵母)는 약(約) 개(個)로서 이 중(中) Pink: 42%, Red Pink: 21%, Red: 28%, White: 9%이였다. (d) S 누룩 1gm.중(中)의 효소력(酵素力)은 액화형(液化型) amylase: $D^{40}^{\circ}_{30}^'=32\;W.V.$, 당화형(糖化型) amylase: 43.32 A.U., Acid protease 181 C.F.U., Alkaline pretease: 240 C.F.U.이였으며 T 누룩 1gm.의 효소력(酵素力)은 액화형(液化型) amylase: $D^{40}^{\circ}_{30}^'=32\;W.V.$, 당화형(糖化型) amylase: 34.92 A.U., Acid protease 138 C.F.U., Alkaline pretease: 31 C.F.U.이였다. 2 : S, T 누룩으로서 탁주(濁酒)를 담금하여 전양조(全釀造) 기간중(期間中) 매(每) 12시간(時間)의 미생물군(微生物群) 및 효소력(酵素力)의 소장(消長)을 측정(測定)하고 주효모(主酵母)라고 인정(認定)한 Pink와 Red 효모(酵母)를 분리배양(分離培養)하여 유산첨가(乳酸添加)로 pH를 4.2로 조절(調節)한 S, T 각구(各區)술덧에 $1{\times}10^6ml$개(個)를 첨가(添加) 양조(釀造)한 각(各)술덧중(中)의 미생물군(微生物群)의 소장(消長)을 측정(測定)하여 얻은 결과(結果)는 다음과 같으며 이 실험에서도 효모(酵母)는 TTC 정색별(呈色別)로 유별(類別) 계수(計數)하였다. (a) 각시료구(各試料區)에서 사상균(絲狀菌)은 담금후(後) $2{\sim}3$일경(日頃)부터 검출(檢出)되지 않았으며 호기성(好氣性) 세균(細菌)은 담금 직후(直後) 술덧 매(每) ml 당(當) S 누룩 사용(使用)의 3구(區)에서 $15{\times}10^7{\sim}35{\times}10^7$개(個), T 누룩 사용(使用)의 3 구(區)에서 $8.2{\times}10^7{\sim}12{\times}10^7$개(個)가 검출(檢出)되어 이중(中) 구균(球菌)은 유산(乳酸) 무첨가(無添加)로 담금한 S 및 T구(區)에서는 36시간경(時間頃)까지 많은 증식(增殖)을 하다가 기후(其後) 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되고 유산(乳酸) 첨가(添加)로 담금한 SP, SR, TP, 및 TR 구(區)에서는 처음부터 거의 검출(檢出)되지 않고 Bacillus는 각구(各區)에서 다 같이 많은 기복(起伏)이 있는 소장(消長)을 하였으나 말기(末期)에는 초기(初期)의 약(約) $1/5{\sim}1/10$ 수(數)로 감소(減少)되었다. (b) 유산균(乳酸菌)은 담금후(後) 24시간경(時間頃)에 S 구(區)에서는 술덧 매(每) ml 당(當) 약(約) $7.4{\times}10^7$ 개(個)가 검출(檢出)되어 $3{\sim}4$일경(日頃)까지 약(約) $2{\times}10^8$ 개(個)로 증식(增殖)하고 그후(後) 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)되어 말경(末頃)에는 약(約) $4{\times}10^5$ 개(個)가 존재(存在)하였으며 T 구(區)에서는 24시간경(時間頃)에 검출(檢出)되었으며 3일경(日頃)에는 약(約) $3{\times}10^7$ 개(個), 말경(末頃)에는 약(約) $2{\times}10^5$ 개(個)가 존재(存在)하였다. 한편 SP, SR, TP, 및 TR 구(區)에서는 각구(各區)마다 24시간경(時間頃)에 약(約) $4{\times}10^5$ 개(個)로 현저(顯著)히 적은 수(數)가 검출(檢出)되었으며 기후(其後) 별(別) 변동(變動)없는 소장(消長)을 하거나 사멸(死滅)되어 거의 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. (c) 각구(各區)술덧에서 검출(檢出)된 유산균(乳酸菌)은 대부분(大部分) 구상균(球狀菌)이였으며 또한 유산균(乳酸菌)의 소장(消長)은 술덧중(中)에 생성(生成)되는 유산(乳酸) 및 Alcohol 함량(含量)과 부합(符合)되는 경향(傾向)이였다. (d) 효모(酵母)는 24시간경(時間頃)부터 증식(增殖)이 뚜렷하여 술덧 매(每) ml당(當) S 구(區)에서는 약(約) $2{\times}10^8$ 개(個)가 되고 48시간경(時間頃)에는 약(約) $4{\times}10^8$ 개(個)가 되어 계속(繼續)하다가 후기(後期)에 다시 증가(增加)되어 $5{\sim}7{\times}10^8$ 개(個)가 되었으며 T 구(區)에서는 24시간경(時間頃)에 $4{\times}10^8$ 개(個)가 되었고 기후(其後) 기복(起伏)을 보이면서 $2{\sim}5{\times}10^8$ 개(個)로 계속(繼續)하였다. (e) S, T 양구(兩區)술덧중(中)에서 소장(消長)한 효모(酵母)는 TTC Pink 효모(酵母)가 90%이상(以上)을 차지하고 Red pink 및 Red 효모(酵母)는 전양조기간(全釀造期間)을 통(通)하여 $2{\times}10^6{\sim}3{\times}10^7$ 개(個) 사이에서 소장(消長)하였다. (f) SP 에서는 효모(酵母)는 24시간경(時間頃)에 S 구(區)보다 2배(倍)가 되는 약(約) $5{\times}10^8$ 개(個)의 Pink 효모(酵母)가 검출(檢出)되었으며 중기말경(中期末頃)까지는 S 구(區)보다 많은 수(數)이였으나 후기(後期)에는 별차(別差)없는 수(數)가 되었다. (g) SR 구(區)에서 소장(消長)하는 총효모수(總酵母數)는 SP 구(區)와 대차(大差)는 없었으나, 첨가(添加)해준 Red 효모(酵母)는 초기(初期)에 다소(多少) 많이 검출(檢出)되고 3일후(日後)부터는 S 구(區)와 별차(別差)없는 수(數)로 소장(消長)하였으며 TR구(區)에서도 Red 효모(酵母)가 초기(初期)에는 T 구(區)에 비(比)해서 많았으나 중기이후(中期以後)부터는 T 구(區)와 별차(別差)없는 경향(傾向)이어서 Red 효모(酵母)를 가(加)한 구(區)에서도 Pink 효모(酵母)가 훨씬 우세(優勢)함을 보여 본실험(本實驗)에서 검출(檢出)된 Red 효모(酵母)는 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에서 후기(後期)까지 계속(繼續) 생육(生育)은 하나 많은 증식(增殖)은 하지 않았다. (h) TP 구(區)에서 Pink 효모(酵母)는 2일경(日頃)에 약(約) $5{\times}10^8$ 개(個)가 되어 T 구(區)에 비(比)해서 많고 기후(其後) 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)이나 T 구(區)보다는 많으며 후기(後期)에서는 역시(亦是) T 구(區)와 별차(別差)없는 수(數)가 되었다. (i) 술덧중(中)의 효모(酵母) 소장(消長)과 동시(同時)에 Alcohol 생성량(生成量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) Pink 효모(酵母)를 첨가(添加)한 구(區)에서 초기(初期)에 다소(多少) 많은 생성량(生成量)을 보였으나 중기(中期) 이후(以後)는 효모(酵母) 무첨가구(無添加區)와의 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었고 또 Alcohol생성(生成)은 효모(酵母) 총수(總數)와 비례(比例)하지 않았다. (j) 액화형(液化型) Amylase는 담금 후(後) 12시간경(時間頃)까지 가장 강(强)하고 24시간경(時間頃)에 일단(一旦) 감소(減少)되었다가 시간경(時間頃)에 최고(最高)로 증가(增加)된 후(後) 74시간경(時間頃)까지 서서(徐徐)히 감소(減少)되고 기후(其後)는 급(急)히 감소(減少)를 보였다. (k) 술덧발효중(醱酵中) Alkaline protease는 불규칙적(不規則的)이기는 하나 계속(繼續) 감소(減少)되는 소장(消長)이었고 Acid protease는 24시간경(時間頃)에 최고(最高)로 증가(增加)하였다가 급(急)히 감소(減少)된 후(後) 다시 증가(增加)하는 불규칙적(不規則的)인 소장(消長)을 보였으나 Alkaline protease 보다는 계속(繼續) 강(强)하였었다. 3 : 본실험(本實驗)에서 가장 많이 검출(檢出)된 TTC Pink 효모(酵母)와 계속(繼續) 나타난 2주(株)의 Red Pink 효모(酵母) 및 1주(株)의 를 동정(同定)하고 이들의 생리적성질(生理的性質)을 검사(檢査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. (a) TTC Pink 효모(酵母)(B-50P)와 2주(株)의 Red Pink 효모(酵母)(B-54RP 및 B-60RP)는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 형(型)이였고 Red 효모(酵母)(B-53P)는 Hansenula subpelliculosa 형(型)이였다. (b) 분리동정(分離同定)한 발효력(醱酵力)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) 2주(株)의 TTC Red Pink 효모(酵母)가 가장 강(强)하고 Pink 효모(酵母)가 다소(多少) 떨어지며 Red효모(酵母)는 현저(顯著)히 약(弱)함을 보였고 특(特)히 Pink 및 2주(株)의 Red Pink 효모(酵母)는 초발효력(初醱酵力)이 강(强)하여 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 적합(適合)함을 알았으며 Red효모(酵母)는 발효력(醱酵力)은 약(弱)하나 Ester생성력(生成力)이 강(强)하여 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 중요(重要)한 역할(役割)를 하는것을 알았다. 따라 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에는 TTC Red Pink 및 Pink로 정색(呈色)되는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 형(型)이 우량(優良)함을 추정(推定) 할 수 있었다. (c) 분리동정(分離同定)한 4주(株)효모(酵母) 아초산내성(亞硝酸耐性)은 강(强)하였으며 유산내성(乳酸耐性)은 국즙(麴汁) 배지(培地)에서 3%정도(程度)이었으나 Red효모(酵母)는 더 강(强)하였고 Alcohol 내성(耐性)은 Hayduck배지(培地)에서 Pink 및 Red Pink 효모(酵母)는 3%정도(程度)이고 맥아즙(麥芽汁) 배지(培地)에서는 13%정도(程度)이었으나 Red 효모(酵母)는 이들보다 훨씬 약(弱)하였으며 Gelatin 액화(液化)는 2주(株)가 다 40일(日)까지 (-)이였다. 4 : 탁주양조중(濁酒釀造中)의 발효도(醱酵度)는 2일경(日頃)에 총발효율(總醱酵率)의 $70{\sim}80%$가 이루어지고 $3{\sim}4$일경(日頃)까지 90%내외(內外)가 진행(進行)되어 주발효(主醱酵)는 이 시기(時期)에 종료(終了)됨을 보였으며 또한 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 있어서 담금한 총전분량(總澱粉量)에 대(對)한 주정(酒精) 발효율(醱酵率)은 65%내외(內外)가 됨을 알 수 있었다. 5 : 제등(齊藤)가 탁주(濁酒)술덧에서 분리(分離)한 Saccharomyces coreanus가 본실험(本實驗)에서 전연(全然) 검출(檢出)되지 않은 이유(理由)는 1930년경(年頃)부터 누룩제조(製造)에 국균(麴菌)을 종균(種菌)으로 접종(接種)하였으며 또한 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 일본국(日本麴)도 혼합사용(混合使用)하여서 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)에 있어서 미생물상(微生物相)이 완전(完全)히 달라진 탓이 아닌가 생각되며 이것을 뒷받침 하는 것으로 과거의 약탁주(藥濁酒) 고유미(固有味)가 달라진 것을 들 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.