• Title/Summary/Keyword: biological immune system

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Phellinus linteus; Market and Technology Trends Analysis (상황버섯의 기술개발 동향과 시장분석)

  • Sohn, Eun-Hwa;Roh, Hyun-Sook;Park, Young-Seo;Sohn, Eun-Soo;Kang, Se-Chan;Kang, Nam-Sung;Pyo, Suhk-Neung
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 2008
  • Phellinus linteus (Sang Hwang mushroom; P. linteusis) has been widely used for a traditional medicine in Japan, Korea and China. In traditional oriental applications, P. linteus and their extracts have been exclusively used to treat various diseases like insomnia, neurasthenia, gastric ulcers, arthritis, nephritis, stress, asthma, bronchitis, neuromuscular disorders, hypertension and also as an immune system stimulator in cancer therapy. In a number of articles, it is indicated how tremendous their therapeutic values are. According to these studies, P. linteus and their extracts show immunomodulatory activities like enhancing immune system function including anti-tumor activity and inhibiting the growth of existing tumors. P. linteus and their extracts have been being studied for use as immunotherapy agents and biological response modifiers (BRMs) for the possible treatment of cancer without side effects. Recently, the cultured mycelium product of P. linteus has been developed and approved as a medicine in Korea. This review shows not only the current status of methods of developmental technology like artificial culture and various biological applications of P. linteus but also recent market trends of functional foods made from P. linteus.

Does supplementing laying hen diets with a herb mixture mitigate the negative impacts of excessive inclusion of extruded flaxseed?

  • Hossein Hosseini;Noah Esmaeili;Aref Sepehr;Mahyar Zare;Artur Rombenso;Raied Badierah;Elrashdy M. Redwan
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.629-641
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.

Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody with high species-specificity to Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase

  • Kim, Jung-Hwan;Park, Jung-Hyun;Ju, Sung-Kyu;Lee, Myung-Kyu;Kim, Kil Lyong
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.187-195
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    • 2001
  • The expression of recombinant proteins fused to 26 kDa glutathione S-transferase (GST) extracted from Schistosoma japonicum represents an attractive system for purifiying proteins of interest in a single step using GST-affinity chromatography. In addition, the GST-tag is used conveniently for detecting fused proteins since its high solubility as well as its relatively small size rarely interferes with the biological activity of the fused protein. In this regard, the GST system is frequently applied for tracing fusion proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to elucidate the physiological interactions and functional compartments of proteins. To provide a further tool in analyzing GST-fusion proteins, a new monoclonal antibody, with a high specificity to the S. japonicum GST was produced. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized both with recombinant S. japonicum GST proteins, and by the fusion of splenocytes from these mice with myeloma cells. From this, a new anti -GST monoclonal antibody, termed SARAH, was generated. The specificity and reactivity of this antibody was confirmed by ELISA and by Western blot analysis. Results: SARAH showed a high reactivity to recombinant GST and GST fusion protein but not with native mammalian GST proteins as derived from other species including humans, cows, rabbits and rats. The applicability of SARAH was further demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, where GST proteins that were expressed transiently in mouse fibroblast cells, were specifically detected without interference of endogenous GST. Conclusion: SARAH is new monoclonal antibody with a high specificity to recombinant GST proteins but not to endogenous GST in mammalian cells.

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Effects of Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 Fermentation on the Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Sea Tangle Saccharina japonica and oyster Crassostrea gigas (Lactobacillus brevis BJ20를 이용한 굴(Crassostrea gigas).다시마(Saccharina japonica) 발효 분말의 항산화 및 항염증 활성 효과)

  • Kang, Young Mi;Woo, Nam-Sik;Seo, Yong Bae
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.359-364
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    • 2013
  • Inordinate stress causes disorders of various systems in humans and activates defense mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the body. Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Sleep is an essential biological process whose underlying regulating involves numerous anatomical structures and biochemical substances that can be compromised by stress and by the immune system. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, and activation of GABAA receptors is known to favor sleep. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible application of Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 fermentation to improve the functional qualities of sea tangle Saccharina japonica and oyster Crassostrea gigas. Antioxidant activity was determined by assaying levels of radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide. L. brevis BJ20 fermentation of sea tangle and oyster enhanced both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. These results suggested that L. brevis BJ20 fermented sea tangle and oyster could be used for alleviation of stress and to promote sleep.

Development of transgenic rice lines expressing the human lactoferrin gene

  • Lee, Jin-Hyoung;Kim, Il-Gi;Kim, Hyo-Sung;Shin, Kong-Sik;Suh, Seok-Cheol;Kweon, Soon-Jong;Rhim, Seong-Lyul
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.556-561
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    • 2010
  • Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein that is found in high concentrations in human milk. Human lactoferrin (hLF) has several beneficial biological activities including immune system modulation and antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we devolved a method of hLF expression through introducing the hLF gene construct into Oriza sativa cv. Nakdong using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. The expression of the hLF gene under the control of the rice glutelin promoter was detected in the seeds of transgenic rice plants. Transformed rice plants were selected on media containing herbicide(DL-phosphinothricin) and the integration of hLF cDNA was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The expression of the full length hLF protein from the grains of transgenic rice plants was verified by Western blot analysis. The lactoferrin expression levels in the transformed rice grains determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay accounted for approximately 1.5% of total soluble protein. Taken together, these data indicate that rice grains expressing hLF can be directly incorporated into infant formula and baby food.

Complete genome sequence of Pediococcus acidilactici CACC 537 isolated from canine

  • Jung-Ae Kim;Hyun-Jun Jang;Dae-Hyuk Kim;Youn Kyoung Son;Yangseon Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.65 no.5
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    • pp.1105-1109
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    • 2023
  • Pedi coccus acidilactici CACC 537 was isolated from canine feces and reported to have probiotic properties. We aimed to characterize the potential probiotic properties of this strain by functional genomic analysis. Complete genome sequencing of P. acidilactici CACC 537 was performed using a PacBio RSII and Illumina platform, and contained one circular chromosome (2.0 Mb) with a 42% G + C content. The sequences were annotation revealed 1,897 protein-coding sequences, 15 rRNAs, and 56 tRNAs. It was determined that P. acidilactici CACC 537 genome carries genes known to be involved in the immune system, defense mechanisms, restriction-modification (R-M), and the CRISPR system. CACC 537 was shown to be beneficial in preventing pathogen infection during the fermentation process, help host immunity, and maintain intestinal health. These results provide for a comprehensive understanding of P. acidilactici and the development of industrial probiotic feed additives that can help improve host immunity and intestinal health.

Immunostimulating Effect of a Well-known Thai Folkloric Remedy in Breast Cancer Patients

  • Thisoda, Piengpen;Ketsa-ard, Kanchana;Thongprasert, Sommai;Vongsakul, Molvibha;Picha, Pornthipa;Karbwang, Juntra;Na-Bangchang, Kesara
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.2599-2605
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    • 2013
  • The study aimed to evaluate immune-stimulating effects of a well-known Thai folkloric remedy when used for adjuvant therapy with conventional chemotherapeutics for treatment of breast cancer. Immunostimulating influence of the remedy (215 mg/kg body weight per day) on NK cell activity and TNF-${\alpha}$ release from the monocytes/macrophages were investigated in a total of 15 healthy women and 13 female patients with breast cancer (Group 1). The effect of breast tumor surgery on NK cell activity was further investigated in 18 female patients with breast cancer (Group 2). NK cell cytotoxic activity was determined by chromium release cytotoxic assay using K562, an erythroleukemic cell line. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from monocytes/macrophages separated from blood samples was determined through a biological assay using actinomycin D-treated L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence and absence of LPS. Baseline NK cell activity of the monocytes/macrophages separated from Group 2 patients expressed as %cytotoxicity was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects at E:T ratios of 100:1 and 25:1. In healthy subjects, there was no change in NK cell cytotoxic activity (%cytotoxicity or LU) following 1 and 2 weeks of treatment with the remedy compared with the baseline at various E:T ratios but the binding activity (%binding) was significantly increased after 2 weeks of treatment. The addition of one or two conventional chemotherapeutic regimens did not significantly reduce the NK cytotoxic activity but did affect release of TNF-${\alpha}$ in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated samples. Surgery produced a significant suppressive effect on NK cell activity. The use of the remedy as an adjunct therapy may improve therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles of conventional chemotherapeutic regimens through stimulation of the immune system in cancer patients.

Chemicals from Cimicifuga dahurica and Their Inhibitory Effects on Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production by LPS-stimulated Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

  • Thao, Nguyen Phuong;Lee, Young Suk;Luyen, Bui Thi Thuy;Van Oanh, Ha;Ali, Irshad;Arooj, Madeeha;Koh, Young Sang;Yang, Seo Young;Kim, Young Ho
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.194-198
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    • 2018
  • Inflammation is a biological response caused by overactivation of the immune system and is controlled by immune cells via a variety of cytokines. The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines enhances abnormal host immunity, resulting in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ might be one way to treat these conditions. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim., which is traditionally used as an antipyretic and analgesic in Korea. In primary cell culture assays, 12 compounds were found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p40, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$) in vitro in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with LPS.

Immune-Enhancing Alkali-Soluble Glucans Produced by Wild-Type and Mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  • Ha Chang-Hoon;Lim Ki-Hong;Jang Se-Hwan;Yun Cheol-Won;Paik Hyun-Dong;Kim Seung-Wook;Kang Chang-Won;Chang Hyo-Ihl
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.576-583
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    • 2006
  • The alkali-soluble glucan of the yeast cell wall contains $\beta-(1,3)-$ and (1,6)-D-linkages and is known to systemically enhance the immune system. In the previous study [6], in order to isolate cell wall mutants, a wild-type strain was mutagenized by exposure to ultraviolet light, and the mutants were then selected via treatment with laminarinase $(endo-\beta-(1,3)-D-glucanase)$. The mass of alkali- and water-soluble glucans produced by the mutant was measured to be 33.8 mg/g of the dry mass of the yeast cell. Our results showed that the mutants generated the amount of alkali-soluble glucan 10-fold higher than that generated by the wild-type. Structural analysis showed that the alkali-soluble glucan from the mutants was associated with a higher degree of $\beta-(1,6)-D-linkage$ than was observed in conjunction with the wild-type. Yeast cell wall $\beta-glucan$ was shown to interact with macrophages via receptors, thereby inducing the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-\alpha)$ and nitric oxide. Alkali-soluble $\beta-glucans$, both from water-soluble and water-insoluble glucan, exhibited a higher degree of macrophage activity with regard to both the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-\alpha)$ and nitric oxide and direct phagocytosis, than did the positive control ($1{\mu}g$ of lipopolysaccharide).

Sex hormones alter the response of Toll-like receptor 3 to its specific ligand in fallopian tube epithelial cells

  • Zandieh, Zahra;Amjadi, Fatemehsadat;Vakilian, Haghighat;Aflatoonian, Khashayar;Amirchaghmaghi, Elham;Fazeli, Alireza;Aflatoonian, Reza
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.154-162
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The fallopian tubes play a critical role in the early events of fertilization. The rapid innate immune defense is an important part of the fallopian tubes. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as a part of the innate immune system, plays an important role in detecting viral infections. In this basic and experimental study, the effect of sex hormones on the function of TLR3 in the OE-E6/E7 cell line was investigated. Methods: The functionality of TLR3 in this cell line was evaluated by cytokine measurements (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1b) and the effects of sex hormones on TLR3 were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Additionally, TLR3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and a TLR3 function-blocking antibody were used to confirm our findings. Results: The production of IL-6 significantly increased in the presence of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) as the TLR3 ligand. Using a TLR3-siRNA-ransfected OE-E6/E7 cell line and function-blocking antibody confirmed that cytokine production was due to TLR3. In addition, 17-${\beta}$ estradiol and progesterone suppressed the production of IL-6 in the presence and absence of poly(I:C). Conclusion: These results imply that sex hormones exerted a suppressive effect on the function of TLR3 in the fallopian tube cell line when different concentrations of sex hormones were present. The current results also suggest that estrogen receptor beta and nuclear progesterone receptor B are likely to mediate the hormonal regulation of TLR3, as these two receptors are the main estrogen and progesterone receptors in OEE6/E7 cell line.