• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound in plant and can be converted to nitrite in the nitrogen cycle and vice versa. Therefore, it is easy to find nitrate in plants including vegetables. Especially, it is known that high levels of nitrate found in leafy vegetables. Nitrate itself is relatively non-toxic but its metabolites and reaction products such as nitrite, nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, may produce adverse health effects such as methaemoglobinaemia and carcinogenesis. To execute the risk assessment of dietary nitrate and nitrite for the intake of vegetables, it is investigated that the levels of nitrate and nitrite in 23 vegetables (798 samples). The range of concentration were 0-6,719mg/kg for nitrate and 0-1,635mg/kg for nitrite, respectively. The Estimated daily intakes (EDI) were 0.85-1.38 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate and 0.02-0.03 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite by ages. We conclude that there are no health concerns for eating various vegetables since the EDI were below the Tolerable Daily Intake (3.7 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate, 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite) level established by WHO.

• Safe Food
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2010

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.397-401
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• 2016

The quality control is a fundamental procedure for the standardization of herbal medicine to guarantee the consistency of efficacy and safety. For a long time, the quality analysis of herbal medicine has been largely dependent on the routine sensory evaluation, such as taste, smell, color, and shape. However, with the recent development of analytical instruments, various scientific approaches have been introduced in this field. On the basis of the theory that the biological activities of herbal medicine are mainly contributed by its chemical compositions, several types of chemical markers have been suggested for the quality evaluation. In addition to the analytical methods for the specific marker compound(s), including analytical marker and active marker, recently, chemical fingerprinting, a method comparing the chromatographic pattern of the whole chemical components, has been developed and widely accepted as a reliable approach for the quality control of herbal medicine. Moreover, in order to exactly understand the relationship between complex compounds and their holistic biological activities in herbal medicine, unique strategies, such as "BECCs (bioactive equivalent combinatorial components)" and "PhytomicsQC" have been established. In this article, we give an overview of the several categories of chemical markers and the recent research trends for the quality evaluation of herbal medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1050-1053
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• 2000

Biological evaluation of residual malathion after 168 hrs of single dipping exposure of White Leghorn hens to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of pesticides was investigated. Thirty-two male albino rats divided into four groups of eight each were kept on 20% isoproteinous diet prepared from the meat of these malathion dipped hens. After 30 days feeding trial, the rats were killed by decapitation. No significant change was found in erythrocytes. However, the triglyceride concentration in brain tissue was increased significantly (p<0.05) when dose level of pesticide was 1% in dipping solution. Similarly, malathion exposed poultry meat failed in altering any significant change in the pancreatic amylase and lipase activities of rats. This study concludes the virtual absence of toxic accumulation of pesticide in the meat of birds after 168 hrs of exposure in usual concentration range upto 1.5%.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the diverse characteristics of a novel commercial bolus, CLEANBOLUS-WHITE (CBW), to ascertain its suitability for clinical application. Methods: The evaluation of CBW encompassed both physical and biological assessments. Physical parameters such as mass density and shore hardness were measured alongside analyses of element composition. Biological evaluations included assessments for skin irritation and cytotoxicity. Dosimetric properties were examined by calculating surface dose and beam quality using a treatment planning system (TPS). Additionally, doses were measured at maximum and reference depths, and the results were compared with those obtained using a solid water phantom. The effect of air gap on dose measurement was also investigated by comparing measured doses on the RANDO phantom, under the bolus, with doses calculated from the TPS. Results: Biological evaluation confirmed that CBW is non-cytotoxic, nonirritant, and non-sensitizing. The bolus exhibited a mass density of 1.02 g/cm³ and 14 shore 00. Dosimetric evaluations revealed that using the 0.5 cm CBW resulted in less than a 1% difference compared to using the solid water phantom. Furthermore, beam quality calculations in the TPS indicated increased surface dose with the bolus. The air gap effect on dose measurement was deemed negligible, with a difference of approximately 1% between calculated and measured doses, aligning with measurement uncertainty. Conclusions: CBW demonstrates outstanding properties for clinical utilization. The dosimetric evaluation underscores a strong agreement between calculated and measured doses, validating its reliability in both planning and clinical settings.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 1972

Alcohol extracts of 70 Korean medicinal plants have been tested for their biological activity. Most of the extracts had slight activity only. Some extracts had more pronounced activity. The results are tabulated.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 1977

Extracts of seventy-two Korean plants were evaluated for their biological activities such as antitumor activities against sarcoma 180, leukemia SN and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, cytotoxic activities, antimicrobial activities and behavoral observations, and the results are tabulated.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-79
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• 2017

Identifying disease genes from human genome is a critical task in biomedical research. Important biological features to distinguish the disease genes from the non-disease genes have been mainly selected based on traditional feature selection approaches. However, the traditional feature selection approaches unnecessarily consider many unimportant biological features. As a result, although some of the existing classification techniques have been applied to disease gene identification, the prediction performance was not satisfactory. A small set of the most important biological features can enhance the accuracy of disease gene identification, as well as provide potentially useful knowledge for biologists or clinicians, who can further investigate the selected biological features as well as the potential disease genes. In this paper, we propose a new stepwise random forests (SRF) approach for biological feature selection and disease gene identification. The SRF approach consists of two stages. In the first stage, only important biological features are iteratively selected in a forward selection manner based on one-dimensional random forest regression, where the updated residual vector is considered as the current response vector. We can then determine a small set of important biological features. In the second stage, random forests classification with regard to the selected biological features is applied to identify disease genes. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed SRF approach outperforms the existing feature selection and classification techniques in terms of biological feature selection and disease gene identification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2007

Toxicity evaluations using oxygen uptake rate (OUR) on activated sludge process were investigated. On toxicity evaluations of heavy metals, all toxicants in experiments decreased OUR with respect to the concentrations of the toxicants, while high toxicities with cyanide and mercury were observed respectively. On toxicity evaluations of composite heavy metals, composite toxicities had similar results as to the total sum of each toxicants that presents accurate toxicity evaluation using OUR. From these results, it is concluded that activated sludge is effective indicator for toxicity evaluation on wastewater of biological treatment plants.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2013

A novel and simple method for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyran-3,4,5-tricarboxylate derivative and the evaluation of their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas citi and Pectobacterium carotovorum are reported. The structure of the isolated compounds has been determined by means of $^1H/^{13}C$ NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The reaction of alkyl isocyanides with acetylenic esters in the presence of dimethyl acetone-1,3-dicarboxylate in the present of $BF_3.SiO_2$ at ambient temperature. Some of the compound showed significant inhibition to growth of bacteria.