• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.76-86
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to measure emissions of gases (ammonia ($NH_3$), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and odor from two shallow pit pig nursery rooms. Gas and odor reduction practices for swine operations based on the literature were also discussed. Methods: This study was conducted for 60 days at a commercial swine nursery facility which consisted of four identical rooms with mechanical ventilations. Two rooms (room 1 (R1) and room 2 (R2)) with different pig numbers and ventilation rates were used in this study. The pig manure from both the R1 and R2 were characterized. Indoor/outdoor temperatures, ventilation rates/duration, $NH_3$, $H_2S$, $CO_2$, and VOC concentrations of the ventilation air were measured periodically (3-5 times/week). Odor concentrations of the ventilations were measured two times on two days. Three different types of gas and odor reduction practices (diet control, chemical method, and biological method) were discussed in this study. Results: The volatile solids to total solids ratio (VS/TS) and crude protein (CP) value of pig manure indicated the pig manure had high potential for gas and odor emissions. The $NH_3$, $H_2S$, $CO_2$ and VOC concentrations were measured in the ranges of 1.0-13.3, 0.1-5.7, 1600-3000 and 0.0-1.83 ppm, respectively. The $NH_3$ concentrations were found significantly higher than $H_2S$ concentrations for both rooms. The odor concentrations were measured in the range of $2853-4432OU_E/m^3$. There was significant difference in odor concentrations between the two rooms which was due to difference in pig numbers and ventilation duration. The literature studies showed that simultaneous use of dietary control and biofiltration practices will be more effective and environmentally friendly for gas and odor reductions from pig barns. Conclusions: The gas and odor concentrations measured in the ventilation air from the pig rooms indicate an acute need for using gas and odor mitigation technologies. Adopting diet control and biofiltration practices simultaneously could be the best option for mitigating gas and odor emissions from pig barns.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.20 no.5 s.94
• /
• pp.341-344
• /
• 2005

This research was performed for developing of biological treatment process of odor gas such as MEK, $H_2S$, and toluene, which was generated from the food waste recycling process. To establish the operational conditions of odor gas removal by small-scale biofiltration equipment, it was continuously operated by using toluene as a treating odor object. When the odor treating microorganisms were adhered to fibril form biofilter, high removal efficiency over $93\%$ was obtained by biofilm formation. At 400 ppm of inlet odor gas concentration and 10 sec of retention time, the removal efficiency was $76\%$ and $93\%$ in 1 st stage reactor and End stage reactor, respectively. However, the removal efficiency remained over $97\%$ at the operational conditions above 15 sec of retention time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.665-674
• /
• 2015

The final goal of this research is to develop a botanical biofiltration system, which combines green interior, biofiltering, and automatic irrigation, which can purify indoor air pollutants according to indoor space and the size of biofilter. The biofilter used in this experiment was designed as an integral form of water metering pump, water tank, blower, humidifier, and multi-level planting space in order to be more suitable for indoor space utilization. This study was performed to compare indoor air quality between the space adjacent to a botanical biofilter and the space away from the biofilter (control) without generation of artificial indoor air pollutants, and to evaluate plant growth depending on multiple floors within the biofilter. Each concentration of indoor air pollutants such as TVOCs, monoxide, and dioxide in the space treated with the biofilter was lower than that of control. Dracaena sanderiana ‘Vitoria’ and Epipremnum aureum ‘N Joy’ also showed normal growth responses regardless of multiple floors within the biofilter. Hence, it was confirmed that the wall-typed botanical biofilter suitable for indoor plants was effective for indoor air purification.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.56-61
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of application of SCB liquid fertilizer produced after slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) on turfgrass growth in golf course during 6 month period from May to October in 2008. The change of soil properties by applying CF and SCB was unaffected respective treatments. As compared with NF, turf color index of CF, S-1 and S-2 increased by 1.8%, 2.5%, and 3.4%, respectively and chlorophyll content by 13%, 19%, and 25%, respectively. Dry weight of S-1 and S-2 was increased by 15% and 26% than that of CF. As compared with CF, N uptake rate in S-1 and S-2 was increased by 21% and 37%, P uptake rate 57% and 28%, and K uptake rate 16% and 27%, respectively. S-2 showed the best effect for turf color index, chlorophyll content, dry weigh and nutrient uptake rate in creeping bentgrass. These results suggested that an mixed application of SCB and compound fertilizer was improved turf quality and growth of creeping bentgrass by increasing nutrient uptake rate of turfgrass.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 1998

The distributions and characteristics of bacteria on the deodorizing biofilters were studied as a part of biofiltration research for odor gas removal. The odor gas originated from a currently operating nightsoil treatment plant were mainly nitrogenous compounds of ammonia and amines. The filter media were consisted various ratio of pine bark, nightsoil cast and compost, and were sampled before and after operation of 153 days. Before operation, the level of bacteria on nitrification agar medium, nutrient agar medium and thiosulfate agar medium were around $10^7{\sim}10^8cfu/g$ media. After operation, the level decreased but still high as $10^5{\sim}10^7cfu/g$ media. The bacteria from reactors before and after operations were either rod or coccus after growth on nitrification agar media. The 45 isolated heterotrophic bacteria were further characterized and Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes were dominant genera. Genus Alcaligenes was particularly dominant when the isolates were incubated on nitrification agar media first and then transfered to nutrient media. The portion of Alcaligenes in the biofilter increased after operation, and was higher in the media contained nightsoil cast, which showed better treatment than the media with pine bark only.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2006

Soil biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs, odorous and NOx compounds from a low concentration, high volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study was performed to evaluate effect of removal of gaseous NOx using a soil and a yellow soil. Over $60\%\;and\;48\%$ of NOx from a soil and a yellow soil was removed at the inlet NO concentrations of $423\~451$ppb, respectively. The bio-filter using a soil media was capable of purifying NOx with a different natural processes. Although some of the processes are quite complex, they can broadly be summarized as adsorption into soil pore water, and biochemical transformations by soil bacteria. When the filteration bio-reactor was applied to a soil and a yellow soil, effective NOx removal was obtained for several times and months. These results show that a soil biofilter can be of use as an alternative advanced NOx treatment system.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.560-563
• /
• 2001

Geotrichum sp. MF01, isolated from oil-contaminated soil, utilized methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The strain MF01 showed a Michaelis-Menten kinetics on MEK, and the kinetic parameters determined for MEK degradation were; specific removal rate, $r_{max}$ = 0.14 $h^{-1}$; half-saturation constant, $K_m$ = 5.88 mM. The adsorption of MEK by heat-killed strain was 0.62 mg at 8.07 mg MEK indicating that the degradation was the primary removal mechanism over adsorption. Biodegradation of MEK was studied in a biofilter using perlite, vermiculite 0:1, v/v) as supporting material. During 57 days of biofilter operation, $^3h^{-1}$.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.384-387
• /
• 2003

We measured the inlet concentration of odorous gases from the food-waste composting facility for 90 days. In consequence of this survey, we ascertained that the gaseous concentration was detected $10{\sim}100ppm$ in operating time, but $0{\sim}10ppm$ in a shutdown of the facility. The initial removal efficiency of this biofilter was roughly represented 80%, however, 90% before and after twenty days. We have thought that this biofilter accomplished the treatment of those odorous gases effectively, because the pressure-drop was not exceeded a value of $20mmH_2O$ after 90 days.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.247-251
• /
• 2005

This research was performed for developing of biological treatment process of odor gas such as MEK, $H_{2}S$, and toluene, which is generated from the food waste recycling process. To establish the operational conditions of odor gas removal by small-scale biofiltration equipment, it was continuously operated by using toluene as a treating odor object. When the odor treating microorganisms were adhered to fibril form biofilter, high removal efficiency over 93% was obtained by biofilm formation. At 400 ppm of inlet odor gas concentration and 10 sec of retention time, the removal efficiency was 76% and 93% in 1st stage reactor and 2nd stage reactor, respectively. However, the removal efficiency remained over 97% at the operational conditions above 15 sec of retention time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 2002

Biofilter performance to reduce C $H_4$ emissions from MSW landfills was tested under a variety of environmental and design conditions. The optimum soil moisture content for C $H_4$ oxidation in a loamy sand was 13% by weight. The addition of N $O_3$-N did not affect the C $H_4$ oxidation rate. Soil depths of 30cm and 60cm were equally efficient in C $H_4$ oxidation. When the C $H_4$ loading rate was decreased, the percentage of C $H_4$ oxidized increased. The maximum C $H_4$ oxidation rate was 27.2 mol $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$ under optimum conditions (loamy sand soil, 13% moisture content, 30cm soil depth, and an loading rate of 32.8 mol $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$). Based on the above results, the installation of a properly sized and managed biofilter above a landfill cover should be capable of achieving a major reduction in atmospheric methane emissions from MSW landfills built with RCRA covers.