• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Background: Lumbar stabilization (LS) improve the thickness of the quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle and muscle activity of the gluteus medius (GM) muscle during hip abduction in a side-lying position in patients with low back pain (LBP). Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of LS on muscle thickness of QL and muscle activity of GM during hip abduction in side-lying in patients with LBP. Methods: The study included 32 patients with LBP, who were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group, each with 16 patients. All subjects performed $35^{\circ}$ preferred hip abduction (control group) and $35^{\circ}$ hip abduction with LS (experimental group) during side-lying. An ultrasonography and a surface electromyography were used to measure the thickness of the QL muscle, and the muscle activities of the GM muscle respectively. Independent t-test was used to compare the muscle thickness of the QL and the muscle activity of the GM muscle, respectively. Results: Anterio-posterior diameter in the muscle thickness of QL muscle was decreased significantly in hip abduction with LS more than in preferred hip abduction (p<.001), but medio-lateral diameter in the muscle thickness of QL muscle was not significantly different between in preferred hip abduction and in hip abduction with LS (p=.06). The muscle activity of GM was increased significantly in hip abduction with LS more than in preferred hip abduction (p<.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hip abduction with LS could be recommended as a hip abduction for LS and a prevention unwanted compensatory pelvic lateral tilting movement.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2017

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that begins in early childhood and can persist throughout adulthood. ADHD causes difficulties in various area of life, such as academic achievement, peer relationships, family functioning, employment and marriage. Although ADHD is known to respond well to medication, such treatment is more effective when combined with psychosocial (non-pharmacologic) therapy in terms of alleviating the core symptoms and improving appropriate functions. Psychosocial treatment interventions are divided into psychoeducation, behavioral parent training, school intervention, cognitive behavior therapy, social skill training, parent-child interaction therapy, play therapy, other treatments (coaching, complementary and alternative medicine), neurofeedback and Cogmed. Adult ADHD cognitive behavioral therapy is described separately. These practice parameters summarize the evidence for psychosocial treatment. Based on this evidence, specific recommendations are provided for psychosocial interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of balance training on a three-dimensional balance trainer that provides the up-and-down vertical movement of the knee joint and left-and-right horizontal movement, along with visual feedback on the functional ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CPs). METHODS: 8 CPs participated in this study. The experiment was implemented for 40 minutes, three times a week for a total of six weeks. The subjects received general physiotherapy for 15 minutes in each session focused on balance and walking, as based on the neuro-developmental treatment theory. Balance training was performed for 20 minutes on a three-dimensional balance trainer where knee joint movement providing visual feedback is applied. The evaluations were conducted before and after the test, and posture sway was measured using 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), and the Good Balance System to evaluate the functional ability and balance of the subjects RESULTS: 10MWT was not statistically significant (p>.05). On the contrary, TUG and postural sway indicate static balance showed a statistically significant decrease (p<.05). In a static balance test using the Good Balance System, the average moving speed statistically significantly decreased in the AP and ML directions (p<.05), and the mean velocity moment also significantly decreased (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that balance training using the three-dimensional balance trainer, with the features of visual feedback and up-and-down knee joint movement effects on increasing dynamic and static balance.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.235-248
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this review was to investigate whether evidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) was reflected in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for insomnia based on relevant clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a systematic search on domestic and international CPG databases and medical databases. In addition, we conducted manual searches of relevant articles. Three authors independently searched and selected relevant studies; any disagreement was resolved by discussion. We extracted and analyzed the following data: published language, country, development group, participants, interventions, presence or absence of recommendations for CAM, level of evidence, grade of recommendation for CAM, and methods of development. Results: We identified 8,241 records from domestic and international databases, and 22 CPGs were included. Eleven of the 22 CPGs mentioned CAM interventions including herbal medicine, relaxation, acupuncture moxibustion, Tai Chi, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, Tuina, and external herbal medicine. However, most of the CPGs indicated 'no recommendation' or 'weak recommendation' for CAM interventions. Only Valeriana dageletiana Nakai and relaxation were considered to have experimental evidence. Valeriana dageletiana Nakai was recommended for improvement of sleep latency, sleep maintenance, total sleeping time, and sleep cycle. Relaxation was recommended as effective intervention for relieving physical and psychological arousal. Conclusions: Despite systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials on CAM for insomnia, most of the CPGs for insomnia did not reflect the evidence obtained. Further CPGs for insomnia should be developed by considering the current advanced studies in the field of CAM.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2004

In this article, the effects of stress on central nerve system and heart function and the concept of heart rate variability were reviewed. HRV(Heart Rate Variability), the periodical change of the heart rate, is indicated larger in the healthier because they respond flexibly to various sorts of facts influencing on HR. HRV analysis is largely composed of the time domain analysis and the frequency analysis. In the former the flexibility of heart function is analysed, while in the latter autonomic nerve function is examined, which is the degree of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity and the state of balance. Furthermore, existence or nonexistence of disease and/or level of stress can be estimated by measuring the variability and normality of heart rate, and balance of autonomic nerve system, and through HRV biofeedback the symptoms of anxiety disorder or asthma can be reduced.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2001

The relaxation response is a state of profound rest, creates physiological responses directly opposite to the stress response. The relaxation response can be used to counteract the harmful effects of stress. The relaxation response can be elicited by a number of techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, biofeedback, etc. These relaxation methods in any mental or physical conditions associated with distress and even in normal people have useful benefits for stress control and health enhancement. These relaxation techniques are but one part of a comprehensive stress management program, through regular and continuous practice appropriate for each person, they will make an effective role in stress management. In this review, author reviewed how to practically use meditation, progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training, in more detail. In the treatment of various stress-related disease, especially in psychiatric disorders, the relaxation technique may be a useful complement to conventional treatment and serves as an intervention between stress and disease.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2007

Today Human Personal Trainers are becoming very famous in this health conscious world. They teach user to achieve fitness goals in managed way. Due to their high fee and tight schedule they are unavailable to mass number of people. Another solution to this problem is to develop digital personal trainer portable instrument that may replace human personal trainers. We developed a portable digital exercise trainer device - BIOFIT that manages, monitors and records the user's physical status and workout during exercise session. It guides the user to exercise efficiently for specific fitness goal. It keeps the full exercise program i.e. exercises start date and time, duration, mode, control parameter, intensity in its memory which helps the user in managing his exercise. Exercise program can be downloaded from the internet. During exercise it continuously monitors the user's physiological parameters: heart rate, number of steps walked, and energy consumed. If these parameters do not range within prescribed target zone, the BIOFIT will alarm the user as a feedback to control exercise. The BIOFIT displays these parameters on graphic LCD. During exercise it continuously records the heart rate and number of steps walked every 10 seconds along with exercise date and time. This stored information can be used as treatment for the user by an exercise expert. Real-time ECG monitoring can be viewed wirelessly (RF Communication) on a remote PC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of different external loads on the muscle activities around the hip during prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) exercise in healthy young men. METHODS: Sixteen healthy adult males participated in the study. A pressure biofeedback unit was used to provide feedback to the participants during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) with PHEKF. Sandbags (0 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg) were used to provide external resistance. The quadriceps was contracted to maintain knee flexion 90° against resistance. Each resistance condition using a sandbag weight was given in random order. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the electrical activity of the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and erector spinae during PHEKF. RESULTS: The muscle activity of the gluteus maximus was highest with the 3 kg resistance and lowest with 0 kg (F = 128.46, P = .00). The muscle activities of the biceps femoris and erector spinae were highest with 0 kg and lowest with 3 kg (F = 29.49, P = .00). The muscle activity rate of the gluteus maximus/biceps femoris was highest with 3 kg and lowest with 0 kg (F = 37.49, P = .00). CONCLUSION: The activity of the gluteus maximus was increased using a higher external weight load during PHEKF, while the activity of the biceps femoris decreased. These findings suggest that an external weight is needed during hip extensor exercise to strengthen the gluteus maximus and inhibit the biceps femoris.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-196
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the kind, the frequency, and the type of Stress Management Program(SMPs) throughout life-span used foreign, recent research. The period of this study was from July 1 to Dec. 10, 1997. The data were collected through Medline using two concepts: stress management programs and life-span. The number of these research were 106 and thirty-one experimental researches that were tested the effectiveness of SMPs throughout life span were selected. The data were analysed by the kind, frequency, and life-span. The results were as follows: 1. The kind and frequency of SMP : The total number of the kind of SMP were twenty-two. The most used SMP was relaxation therapy, 22 out of 31. The second biofeedback was 10, the third, cognitive behavior program was 9, the fourth, nutrition and diet, and education were 7. The others were coping skill(4), cognitive therapy(4), breathing(4), imagery(3), autogenic training(3), sleep and rest(2), meditation(2), information(2), desensitization(2), hypnosis(2), behavior therapy(1), time management (1), visualization(I), yoga(I), diversion(1), and problem solving skill. 2. Throughout life-span: Most SMPs were applied to adolescents, young adults, and middle-adults. Other subjects could not be found under the schooler. 3. The type of SMPs : 28(90.3%) out of 31 research used combined-SMP : two-combined SMP, 5: three-combined SMP, twelve: four-combined SMP, seven: five-combined SMP. 4. Afterward, further study such as meta-analysis are needed in order to identify effective ness of the SMPs.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2012

Purpose: Recently, Neurofeedback training system that based on biofeedback of brain wave was introduced. This study was performed to identify the effects of the improvement of brain function by Neurofeedback training on elders(the 2nd or 3rd grade of long-term care insurance services). Methods: A quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent control group, pre-post test was used. Total 11 elderly were enrolled in this study (experimental group 5, control group 6). The intervention was conducted 3 times a week for 30 minutes from January to June, 2012 (total 60 times). Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the data. Results: After the Neurofeedback intervention, attention quotient (AQ), anti-stress quotient (ASQ), emotion quotient (EQ) and brain quotient (BQ) of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Neurofeedback training program was effective in reducing fatigue by AQ, increasing the physical and mental stress resistance by ASQ, emotional balance by EQ and improving of total brain function by BQ. Therefore Neurofeedback training be used as an effective training intervention for the health of elderly in geriatric facility.