• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.321-331
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and N-K cell activity (NKCA) in Korean breast and rectal cancer patients just after diagnosis. Methods: With 35 subjects enrolled between November 2002 and May 2003, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to estimate BFP. FACS Analysis was used to measure N-K cell activity. The relationships between BFP and NKCA were identified by using curve estimation, simple regression, and multiple regression, Results: The mean BFPs of the subjects and all the sub-groups were higher than acceptable BFPs. Both the mean NKCAs of male and female subjects were lower than that of healthy women. NKCA was explained by BFP with a 14.9% variance in the total subjects (p<.05). There were significant negative relationships between BFP and NKCA after controlling age, type of cancer, and stage of cancer while no significant relationship was found after controlling for gender. The relationships between BFP and NKCA in the sub-groups of female, breast cancer, and stage I, and II were significant. The relationships between male, rectal cancer, and the stage III, and VI sub-groups were not identified, but they revealed a mild to moderate steep in curve estimation. Conclusion: Weight reduction could prevent the risk and advancement of breast and rectal cancer in Koreans.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second ($FEV_1$), $FEV_1$/FVC according to obesity in young adult women. Method: Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent body fat (PBF) were obtained by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and spirometric values (FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC) were obtained for 135 women college students who were healthy and non smokers. Results: Mean BMI and PBF were $21.8kg/m^2$ and 30.5%. Obesity prevalence according to BMI and PBF were respectively 13.3%, and 50.9%. Lean body mass (LBM) was positively correlated with FVC, $FEV_1$, and PBF was negatively correlated with FVC, $FEV_1$ and $FEV_1$/FVC. FVC and $FEV_1$ of the underweight or obese group were lower than those of normal weight group. Conclusion: PBF, but not BMI, is negatively associated with pulmonary function in women college students.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.159-171
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• 2015

Objectives: Lately, non alcoholic fatty liver patients are increasing rapidly and the average age of patients are getting younger. Non alcoholic fatty liver often represents asymptomatic and korean pattern diagnosis is difficult to implement without symptoms. This study aimed to analyze interrelationship between non alcoholic fatty liver disease and Injinho-tang. Methods The AHP is a systematic procedure for analyzing the elements of any problem hierarchically. Based on survey of expertise, as series of pairwise comparison judgements is performed to evaluate the various elements in the hierarchy. We are expected to use the AHP analysis that would apply to oriental doctor's diagnostic process analysis. Results and conclusion Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced complex causes of the metabolic syndrome. Injinho-tang has been widely used disease that causes jaundice and liver biliary disease. According to AHP analysis, LFT is the most important facor in choosing Injinho-tang on non alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMI and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis are the next important factors. Personal hot temper also gives a big impact on choicing Injinho-tang on non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

This study was due to investigate the dietary intakes, serum lipids and other hematological indices in female adolescent smokers. The subjects were 85 smokers, whose average pack-year(smoking years on the basis of one pack of cigarettes per day) was 1.26 and 87 nonsmokers who were female high school students in Seoul. An anthropometric measreument was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by the Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and food habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided. Nutritional analysis program for professional(CAN-pro). Serum TG, HDL-cholesterol and total-cholesterol levels were measured with test kits. Serum glucose, albumin, GOT and GPT were measured by automated dry chemistry system, SPOTCHEM 4410. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC and MCV were determined by Semi Automated Microcell Counter(F-520). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was no significant difference in the anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. The caloric intake in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in biochemical indices. Analysis of serum lipids showed that the serum levels of total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of nonsmokers were unexpectedly significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of smokers. Overall results indicate that smoking itself with short pack-year in healthy female adolescent did not seem to influence apparent health and nutritional status.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

We examined the prevalence of sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition in Korean older persons. Community dwelling 77 men and 65 women($60{\sim}88\;yr$) were recruited for this study. Fat-free mass and the percent body fat were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Isometric grip strength was measurement using grip strength dynamometer. Serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride were assayed. The prevalence of sarcopenia was found to increase with aging (men in their sixties 82.6%, seventies 96.6% and eighties 100%, and women in their sixties 47.4%, seventies 63%). In both gender groups, handgrip strength was inversely correlated with age and positively correlated with height, lean mass, and fat free mass. Better handgrip strength was related with higher weight in the men and with lower heart rate in the women. Fat free mass, age, and gender were found to be independent factors significantly associated with handgrip strength in the multivariate analysis. In summary, results of the present study suggest that handgrip strength is well associated with age, gender, and fat free mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia is increased with age and is exceeded by 40% among Korean persons older than 60 years.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the fracture rates and a major cause of increased mortality and morbidity in the elderly people. This study is to determine which components of body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors are important to bone health, we analysed the relationship among bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and metabolic syndrome risk factors in females. Totally 630 females participated in a medical check-up program (mean age 47 years) were selected for this study. Body composition analysis was performed by segmental bioelectrical impedance method, muscle mass, and percent body fat were measured. We also measured metabolic syndrome risk factors including abdominal obesity, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure and fasting glucose level. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria. The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were measured using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were observed in 180 and 51 persons, respectively. Muscle mass and HDL-cholesterol decreased in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups compared to the control group, and the grade was shown progressively by the symptoms. Significant positive correlation between BMD and muscle mass was observed. Multi variable regression analyses showed that % body fat and muscle mass were independent predictors of BMD after adjustment of age, height and weight. In conclusion, the BMD showed negative correlation with the metabolic and body composition was associated with BMD.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to investigate change of isokinetic trunk muscle strength according to decrease of body composition analysis parameter after obesity treatment. Methods : 2 obese patients have been treated with oriental medical obese treatment for 1 month. One patient got the exercise treatment, another didn't. Before and after treatment, the segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis, isokinetic trunk muscle strength test were performed. Then we analyzed the relationship of data. Results : After obesity treatment, BMI(Body Mass Index), PBF(Percentage of Body Fat), WHR(Waist Hip Ratio) were decreased in all patient and LBM(Lean Body Mass) was increased. In non-exercise patient, Ext.PT(extension Peak Torque) was decreased and Flex.PT(flexion Peak Torque) was increased. In exercise patient showed the opposite results. E/F ratio became more imbalance. Conclusions: Ext.PT was decreased in non-exercise patient but increased in exercise patient. And the trunk muscle strength became imbalance in both patients, right after the treatment. So trunk muscle exercise should be carried out and it is necessary to do long term study.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

Objectives It is significant to determine the validation of a self-administered somatotype drawing for the simple assessment of childhood obesity in elementary school and clinical practice. Methods The subjects were 202 children(112 boys and 90 girls) who answered a questionnaire for somatotype drawing and weremeasured for body components with bioelectrical impedance. The somatotype drawing of children was analysed according to the three criteria of childhood obesity - BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat, respectively. Results BMI, waist-hip ratio, skeletal musclemass and proteinmass had significant differences(p<.05) between boys and girls. Somatotype drawing had the highest correlation with BMI in both boys and girls, and also showed a high correlation with BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat.According to these criteria of childhood obesity, the somatotype drawing was the best consistent with the obesity index, next turn was the percent body fat and then the BMI percentile. Conclusions The validation of somatotype drawing for the assessment of childhood obesity was analysed according to BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat, and the somatotype drawing was the best consistent with obesity index in both boys and girls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.893-903
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• 1995

This study was attempted to estimate seasonal variations of physical activity level, energy balance & body composition of 38 rural women, aged 31 to 67yrs in three seasons ; farming season(June), harvesting season(October), nonfarming season(February) Energy intake, energy expenditure and body composition were assessed using questionnaire, daily activity diary & bioelectrical impedance. The type of activities & the period of the spent on each activity were changed significantly with the seasons. Daily mean duration(min) of farming activity was significantly higher in June & October than in February(p<0.005) & daily mean energy expenditure for farming activity was significantly high in June & low inFebruary (p<0.005). Daily mean energy expenditure was 2892.9㎉ in June, 2487.4㎉ in October and 2130.9㎉ in February and changed significantly in three seasons(p<0.005). Daily mean energy intake was significantly higher in June(=1950.3㎉) & October (=1946.9㎉) than in February(=1423.3㎉)(p<0.005). According to RDA for koreans, the level of physical activity fell into exceptional activity category in June, heavy in October, moderate in February. Mean energy balance was negative in all seasons ; 0.682 in June, 0.812 in October and 0.698 in February. In three seasons mean body weight, mean obesity rate and mean body mass index(BMI) were not changed significantly. But there were significant seasonal variations in body fat(%) & lean body mass(LBM)(%). The mean percentage of body fat(%) was within normal range(24.44-24.79%) & the mean percentage of lean body mass(LBM)(%) representing long term physical activity was significantly higher in June(75.56%) & October(75.21%) & October (75.21%) than in February(72.75%)(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2004

This study was done to investigate effects of smoking, drinking and exercise on body composition, dietary intakes, serum lipids of male high school students in Seoul. Body Composition was analyzed by the Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer. Dietary survey was conducted by 24-hour recall method and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professional (CAN-Pro). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. Mean and standard error were examined for each items. The significant difference was examined by student's t-test. Body composition data showed that protein mass, mineral mass and lean body mass of regular exercisers were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of irregular exercisers. Energy and protein intakes of male high school students were 1868 kcal/day (69.2% RDA), 68 g/day (91.3% RDA), respectively. Ca, Fe and Vitamin B$_2$ intakes were lower than 2000 RDA. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum levels of HDL-cholesterol of drinkers were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of nondrinkers. Overall results imply that smoking and alcohol drinking of adolescent males may not much influence on serum lipids levels because pack-years of smoking or the amount of alcohol drinking was not serious enough to be harmful to health.